過去完成時和虛擬語氣講解和練習(xí)

PAGE試卷第=2頁，總=sectionpages22頁PAGE6過去完成時注意：過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，動作發(fā)生的時間是"過去的過去".它是一個相對的時態(tài)，只有在和過去某個時間或動作相比較時才會用到。

E.g.Bytheendofthematch，theyhadkickedtwogoals.

Wehadalreadyhadlunchbeforewearrivedthere.

其結(jié)構(gòu)是"had+過去分詞".它的否定句是在had后邊加not，變一般疑問句是把had提前。

E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock.

Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock.

Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock？

它通常和before，bytheendof等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語連用。1.由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（1）by+過去的時間點。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+過去的時間點。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+過去的時間點。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（1）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.（2）狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.（3）表示意向的動詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.單項選擇1．Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeen

B.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeen

D.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,do

B.has,

done

Cdid,did.

D.had,

done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned

B.waslearning

C.hadlearned

D.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,

afew

B.has,

several

C.had,

alotof

D.has,

agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.Ahadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

hascompleteduniversity

B.hascompletedtheuniversityB.

hadcompletedanuniversity

D.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.for

B.in

C.by

D.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______

(arrive).5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)

aphonecall.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實，或不可能實現(xiàn)。英語虛擬語氣的形式有下列幾種：

一、與現(xiàn)在事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.動詞過去式(或were)2.助動詞（過去式）+動詞原形ShouldWould+動詞原形couldmightIfhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.

二.與將來事實相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.

should+動詞原形2.

動詞過去式3、wereto+動詞原形ShouldWould+動詞原形couldmightIfyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)1．--Willyoucometotheparty?__________youalsoinviteBlade.A.WhynotB.OnlyifC.IfnotD.When2．IfI_______you,I_______gothere.A.is;willB.is;wouldC.were;wouldD.was;will3．Ifitraintomorrow，We’llgoonatrip.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.won’t4．Idon’tknowifhe_______tomorrow.A.WillcomeB.comesC.cameD.hascome5．TheheadmasterwithhisstudentsHangzhouParadiseParkifittomorrow.A.isgoingto;isn’trainyB.aregoingto;isn’trainyC.isgoingto;won’trainD.aregoingto;doesn’train6．IfI________amilliondollars,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch.A.willhave B.have C.had D.amhaving7．IfI_______you,Iwouldsayanotherstudentcoulddoitbetter.A.wasB.wereC.wereD.are8．—Whatwouldyoudoifyouthelottery? —Igivehalfofthemoneytocharities. A.win,will B.win,would C.won,will D.won,would9．Iamtoobusynow.IfI____free,I____tothecinemawithyou.A.am;willgoB.am;wouldgoC.were;wouldgoD.was;wasgoing10．What_____youdoifyouhadamilliondollars?A.wouldB.willC.didD.do11．—I’mgoingtoLarry’sparty.ButIdon’tknowwhattowear.—IfI___you,I_______wearadress.A.am;willB.were;willC.were;wouldD.am;would12．IfI___you,I___beafraid.A．was,wouldn’tB．were,won’tC．were,wouldn’t13．IfI____Alice,I_____themthetruth.A.was,wouldtellB.were,wouldtellC.am,willtellD.is,willtell14．IfI_______onemilliondollars,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch. IfI_______you,Iwouldgiveittocharity.A.willhave,am B.wouldhave,was C.had,were D.have,is15．IfI_______you,Iwould_______myhomeworkmyself.A.was;didB.am;do C.were;do D.is;didTranslation翻譯

1.我不知道他的電話號碼，否則我就打電話給他了。

2.他本可以給你更多的幫助，即使他很忙。

3.如果可能的話你會不會打電話給他？

會的，不過我當(dāng)時在忙著做家庭作業(yè)呢。1.單項選擇1．Heaskedme__A___duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What_D___Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I___C___900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She___A___livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I__A___thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__D________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily__B_____themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he___D______.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks___C___theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He__B___toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.2.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.We___hadpainted____(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman__hadmade___(make)awillbeforehedied(die).3.They__hadstudyed_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_left___(leave).4.Therobbers_hadrunaway____(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).5.I__turnedoff_____(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI__went___(go)tobed.6.Paulwent(go)outwithJaneafterhe_made_____(make)aphonecall.參考答案1．B【解析】略2．C【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣，if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。從句用一般過去式，主句用過去將來時。句意：如果我是你的話，我會去那兒的。3．B【解析】這題考查時態(tài)的用法，if條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，而且這里要填助動詞的否定式，選B。4．A【解析】考查時態(tài)。tomorrow為將來的時間故用一般將來時態(tài)，所以選A。5．A【解析】考查主謂一致和if從句。with連接幾個主語時，與第一個保持一致。排除B、D；if條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，排除C。句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同學(xué)明天將要去杭州天堂公園。”故選A。6．C【解析】這題考查if的非真實條件句的用法，如果和事實不符合，if條件句和主句要用虛擬語氣，和現(xiàn)在的事實相反，if條件句用過去時，主句用woulddo，所以選C。句意是：如果我有1百萬美元，我會把它給醫(yī)學(xué)研究。7．B【解析】在if虛擬條件句中，be用were，故本題選B。8．D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀從指將來的情況，用過去式，should+do或用wereto+do結(jié)構(gòu)；Igivehalfofthemoneytocharities.也是虛擬語氣，省略了if條件狀從，指將來，謂語用would+do。所以選D。9．C【解析】Cif從句用的是虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)實（很忙）相反時，虛擬語氣用一般過去時，be統(tǒng)一用were，主句用woulddosth.10．A【解析】考查點：虛擬語氣。解題思路：根據(jù)句意:如果你有一百萬你將會干什么？“如果你有一百萬”是對現(xiàn)在的一種假設(shè)，與現(xiàn)在的事實相反。