2018高考英語(浙江專用)專題復(fù)習(xí)(真題+模擬)課件專題十二詞義推斷閱讀(共170張)

2018高考英語(浙江專用)專題復(fù)習(xí)(真題+模擬)課件專題十二詞義推斷閱讀(共170張)第一頁，共170頁。A組

2017年全國高考題組Passage1(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,D)詞數(shù):311Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswhere

theliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,

it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,

sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5‘×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeet

deep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyour

cupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthe

cupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45-degree-五年高考第二頁，共170頁。angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinch-

esabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))and

collectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.

Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thaveto

breakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sexpensive.

C.It'scomplex.D.It'sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.

B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.

D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom

.A.theplastictubeB.outsidethehole

C.theopenairD.beneaththesheet第三頁，共170頁。答案

[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為科普實驗類。文章具體描述了利用自制太陽能蒸餾器獲取

飲用水的方法。1.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句,尤其是尾句Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittle

packandfastenedonyourbelt.可知該裝置是可折疊的、便攜的(portable),故答案為D項。2.B詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知,畫線短語指代的是該段首句中的aworkingstill,故

答案為B項。3.C事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二、三段可知四個選項正確的順序是A→B→D→C,故答案為C項。4.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)尾段前兩句可知該裝置是利用蒸發(fā)到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴,最后滴落到杯子中,故答案為D項。第四頁，共170頁。重點詞匯substituten.代用品componentn.零件,構(gòu)成要素;成分productivityn.生產(chǎn)力;生產(chǎn)

效率securev.把……弄牢falloffinto落入,注入長難句

原句:Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestoftheline

runsup—andout—thesideofthehole.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。主句laythetubeinplace為祈使句;sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句是

and連接的并列句。inplace在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?alltheway自始至終。譯文:接著把管子放在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延

伸到所挖坑的外部。第五頁，共170頁。Passage2(2017課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,D)詞數(shù):288Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultz

andIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmell

thatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseem

tobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileor-

ganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'sway

ofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.They

pumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.

Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageis

usuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausethey

heardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmade第六頁，共170頁。acryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.

Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butit

wasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(親密的)

thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises.

B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly.

D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback. D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan

.A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary第七頁，共170頁。4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.答案

[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)植物受到攻擊時,它們不會坐以待斃,而是會釋放出某

種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這可能是對其他植物發(fā)出的一種預(yù)警信號,也可能是自我保護(hù)的一種方式。1.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段楓樹的例子可知,當(dāng)其受到攻擊時,受到傷害的部位會釋放出被

稱為VOCs的化學(xué)物質(zhì),由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻擊時都會做出這種反應(yīng),故D項正確。植物被攻擊時釋放出的是化學(xué)物質(zhì)而不是噪音,故排除A;釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是對其他植

物的預(yù)警,而不是從其他植物那里得到幫助,故排除B;根據(jù)第一段首句可排除C項。2.A詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,某些植物受到攻擊時,會釋放出某種香味,將攻擊者的天敵

吸引過來,由此可知當(dāng)它們到來時,攻擊者將會成為被攻擊者,故A項正確。3.B

推理判斷題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知,植物可以保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲傷害。4.C

推理判斷題。最后一段提到,150多年前,達(dá)爾文就曾想到這個世界比我們所看到、聽到的

更加繁忙,更加吵鬧,也更加親密,我們的感官還不夠強大,很多東西都未感知到。由此可推斷出,

這個世界實際上更加復(fù)雜,故C項正確。第八頁，共170頁。長難句

原句:Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheat-

tackers.分析:本句為復(fù)合句,句中過去分詞短語designedtoattractdifferentinsects作后置定語,修飾per-

fumes,who引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞insects。譯文:它們大量排出用來吸引對于攻擊者來說是天敵的不同昆蟲的香味。重點詞匯pumpv.用泵等輸出;涌出compoundn.混合物;化合物intentionaladj.故意的;蓄

意的詞匯積累leafyadj.多葉的;葉茂的volatileadj.易揮發(fā)的第九頁，共170頁。Passage3(2017天津,C)詞數(shù):330Thismonth,Germany'stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesfor

autonomousvehicles(自主駕駛車輛).Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovern

howsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:the

greyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(財產(chǎn))damageoverpersonalinjury;

thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisor

herhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar'smakerisresponsibleifthereisa

crash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillput

fullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersand

lawyers.“Theliability(法律責(zé)任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratatthe

UniversityofLeeds,UK.第十頁，共170頁。AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhata

human“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay

‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars,”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyauto-

matedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyan

CaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovern-

ment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeover

driverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.1.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers'roleisnotclear.第十一頁，共170頁。2.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto

.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrules

B.helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesandraces

D.preventseriouspropertydamage3.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A.Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D.Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.4.Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein

.A.SingaporeB.theUKC.theUSD.Germany5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B.FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC.AutonomousVehicles:DriverRemoved!D.DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents第十二頁，共170頁。答案

[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文,題材為社科類。本文介紹了德國交通部部長AlexanderDo-

brindt提出的一系列有關(guān)自主駕駛車輛的法規(guī)。1.D詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第二段的內(nèi)容可知,“Theywoulddefinethedriver's

role”的目的是處理“deathvalley”,故可推知“deathvalley”是一種司機的角色不明確的狀

況,故選D。2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知,由Dobrindt提出的這項建議旨在幫助促進(jìn)全自動駕駛。故

選B。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Youknow—nodriver.”和第八段中的“untilvehicles

canbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation”可知,消費者擔(dān)心的是人的責(zé)任問題,故選D。4.C事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段中的“ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS”可知選C。5.A主旨要義題。本文主要探討無人駕駛技術(shù)在推廣過程中遇到的困難,即難以界定法律責(zé)任的主體,故選A。第十三頁，共170頁。長難句

原句:Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrashes

wherelivesmightbelost.分析:本句為復(fù)合句,本句中howsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost為賓語從句;

賓語從句中包含了一個定語從句wherelivesmightbelost修飾crashes。譯文:它們將界定在這樣的汽車中司機的角色,并規(guī)定這樣的汽車在可能危及生命的事故中如何

表現(xiàn)。重點詞匯proposev.建議governv.規(guī)定distinguishv.區(qū)別;辨認(rèn)出consumern.消費者in-

surancen.保險;保險業(yè)confusionn.混亂;困惑詞匯積累autonomousadj.自主的assumptionn.設(shè)想;假定launchv.發(fā)起第十四頁，共170頁。Passage4(2017江蘇,D)詞數(shù):690OldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsome

decadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,we

wouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterand

morecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Weare

thereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.

Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“Thereisno‘one-size

fitsall’adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskor

cost.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.Floods

havebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunity

whereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveas

floatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommuni-第十五頁，共170頁。catingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(連接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhigh-

ways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomake

floatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamoun-

tainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)theredueto

globalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarrive

intheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel'sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteof

wateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhere

itfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)wa-

ter.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3of

water.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel'sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warm-

ingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,be

abletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseof

greenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactually第十六頁，共170頁。cooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouses

havedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,

citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimate

changehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectiveness

willrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincluded

theprojectonitslistof“100ideastosavetheplanet”.Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmineownsanareaofland

inwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthe

pastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmany

countriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethings

differently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepolluting

industriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebutto

adapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.第十七頁，共170頁。Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbon

pollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies

.A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan'sproject?A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.第十八頁，共170頁。4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould

.A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbonemissionaloneD.fightagainstcarbonpollution6.What'stheauthor'spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.Settingupanewstandard.B.Reducingcarbonemission.C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.第十九頁，共170頁。答案

[語篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為環(huán)境問題類。話題為“老問題,新方法”——適應(yīng)我們所面

臨的嚴(yán)峻的氣候環(huán)境,而且要意識到環(huán)境的改變和適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個過程。1.A詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第二段主題句Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstand

thatclimatechangeisaprocess.可知氣候的改變是一個不斷變化的過程。再結(jié)合后面幾段給出

的事例可知,適應(yīng)也是一個不斷變化的過程,由此可推斷出畫線部分意為adaptationisanever-

changingprocess,故答案為A項。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawon-

lydisaster.及后面的描述可知他的非營利組織在充分利用糟糕的環(huán)境,故正確答案為C項。本題

干擾項為D項,由第三段第五句Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplacefloodedroads

andhighways.可知D項錯誤。3.A事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第六句Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereit

froze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.可知A項正確。4.D

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段首句InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthat

hasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhitein

thehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.可推斷出答案為D。第二十頁，共170頁。5.D觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthe

battletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomake

thecaseforbusinessasusual.可推知D項為正確答案。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelyto

adaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.可知最明智的適應(yīng)應(yīng)該是改變我們的能量

體系以減少碳排放污染,故B項正確。長難句

原句:Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionand

havenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作動詞argue的賓語;it's

anonsense...為主句,其中designed為過去分詞作后置定語修飾名詞nonsense。譯文:當(dāng)污染企業(yè)辯解說我們已經(jīng)在控制碳污染的戰(zhàn)斗中失敗并且別無選擇只好適應(yīng)它時,這是

慣用的為了商業(yè)利益而設(shè)計好的胡說八道的伎倆。重點詞匯adaptationn.適應(yīng)adaptto適應(yīng)fundamentaladj.基本的,根本的第二十一頁，共170頁。Passage5(2017江蘇,B)詞數(shù):346Red-backedfairywrens(鷦鷯),whichliveinnorthernandeasternAustralia,laythreeor

foureggsatatime.Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistin-

guishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.ButWhenitcomestoembryoniclearning

(胎教),birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinThe

Auk:Ornithological

Advances,some

motherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthen

imitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersU-

niversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundto

repeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,the

babybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”

call.第二十二頁，共170頁。Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-

backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67

nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyan-

alyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedby

mothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemore

frequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddi-

tion,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimi-

tatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent,doyou

investinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks.“Ourre-

sultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“

”.A.betheworst

B.bethebestC.bejustasbad

D.bejustasgood第二十三頁，共170頁。2.WhatareKleindorfer'sfindingsbasedon?A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.3.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich

.A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall答案

[語篇解讀]

本文是一篇科普類說明文。我們都知道母親在懷孕期間對小寶寶進(jìn)行胎教,但是

你知道鳥類也會給自己還未孵化出的小寶寶進(jìn)行胎教嗎?請看澳大利亞生物學(xué)家的研究成果吧。1.B

詞義推斷題。根據(jù)畫線部分后面的描述:一些鳥類在小鳥孵化出來前就開始教它們唱歌

了,小鳥孵化出來后幾天就能模仿自己母親的叫聲。由此推斷出小鳥在這方面做得最棒,所以答

案為B項。第二十四頁，共170頁。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句話可知,他們把雛鳥的叫聲和母親的叫聲進(jìn)行對

比,根據(jù)相似度進(jìn)行排名,由此可知他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是以母親和雛鳥叫聲的相似度為依據(jù)的,所以答

案為A項。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知答案為C項。長難句

原句:Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmost

closelyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。主句部分是:theteamsetupaseparateexperiment,第一個that引導(dǎo)定語從句,

修飾先行詞experiment;第二個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句;第三個that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞thebaby

birds。譯文:此外,這個團(tuán)隊還設(shè)置了一個單獨的實驗。實驗表明那些模仿母親叫聲最像的雛鳥會被獎

賞最多的食物。重點詞匯distinguishvt.區(qū)分;辨別;分清imitatevt.模仿widespreadadj.分布廣的;普遍的;廣

泛的identifyvt.確認(rèn);認(rèn)出;鑒定詞匯積累similarityn.相似性hintvt.暗示inferencen.推斷;推論第二十五頁，共170頁。B組

2013—2016年全國高考題組Passage1(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,C)

詞數(shù):269IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.Ipickedupthestemcellsin

Providence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIar-

rivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I'mreallysorry,I've

gotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputiton

thedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,

please,you'vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shear-

rangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgot

mebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou'vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife.第二十六頁，共170頁。1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor2.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.3.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.

C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.答案

[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作為干細(xì)胞運送志愿者的PeterHodes在美國

遇到颶風(fēng),航班被取消,后來得到幫助的經(jīng)歷。1.B

詞義推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知從在捐獻(xiàn)者身上取到干細(xì)胞到移植到病人身上最多有

72小時的時間,由此可判斷作者是干細(xì)胞的運送者,故選B項。A、C、D三項和作者的遞送工作

無任何關(guān)系,因此可排除。第二十七頁，共170頁。2.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句可知作者有兩個冰袋,而它們能持續(xù)的時間為42小

時,故選D項。A項意為“他不能離開工作太長時間”。B項意為“捐獻(xiàn)者只能等那么長時

間”。C項意為“手術(shù)需要很長時間”。3.B事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句...re-routedmethroughNewark...可知選B項。高級語塊beconsciousof注重pickup得到;拿到;偶然學(xué)到;撿起;好轉(zhuǎn)bemeantto打算;計劃check-indesk辦理登機手續(xù)的服務(wù)臺arrangefor安排長難句Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou'vegotsomethingthatis

potentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife.對于這個遞送的工作,你要意識到在那個箱子里你擁

有的是有可能挽救別人生命的東西。本句為復(fù)合句,其中thatinthatboxyou'vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesome-

body'slife為賓語從句,而thatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife則為定語從句,先行詞

為something。第二十八頁，共170頁。Passage2(2016課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,B)?詞數(shù):294Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningof

atermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstu-

dent,andsaid:“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45min-

uteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severaloth-

erscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.An-

othergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructions

filledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthe

presenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.Hispresencemeant

thatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstu-

dents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohada

differentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI'mjustnotcreative.”第二十九頁，共170頁?！癉oyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep?”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimagi-

native.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That'sprettycreative.Who

doesthatforyou?”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyou'reasleep?”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?”1.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto

.A.knowmoreaboutthestudents

B.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents'interestinart

D.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign2.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.

B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.

D.Hewasimaginative.第三十頁，共170頁。3.Whatdoesthe