Unit4必背單詞短語句型基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)過關(guān)學(xué)生版

Unit4重點(diǎn)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：1.recyclevt.回收利用；再利用→recyclern.回收站；反復(fù)循環(huán)器2.lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏→lackingadj.缺乏的；不足的3.floatvi.浮動(dòng)；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮動(dòng)；使漂流→floatingadj.流動(dòng)的；浮動(dòng)的4.keenadj.熱衷的；渴望的→keenlyadv.敏銳地→keennessn.渴望5.currentadj.當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的n.水流；電流；思潮→currentlyadv.現(xiàn)時(shí)；目前6.sufficiencyn.足量；充足→sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的→sufficientlyadv.足以；充分地7.soapn.肥皂→soapyadj.滿是肥皂的8.regularadj有規(guī)律的→9.determinev.決定determinedadj.下決心的determinationn.決定10.dependv.依靠，依賴dependentadj依賴的Unit4重點(diǎn)單詞短語：;意志堅(jiān)定的However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.然而,一些科學(xué)家決意要幫助人類實(shí)現(xiàn)探索太空的夢(mèng)想。知識(shí)延伸(1)determinev.查明;確定;決定determinetodo...決定做……(表示動(dòng)作)determineon/upon(doing)sth決定(做)某事(2)bedeterminedtodo決心做……(3)determinationn.決心;堅(jiān)定;果斷withdetermination堅(jiān)決地;果斷地知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Shedetermined(work)twiceashardasbeforetomakeupforthelosttime.

(2)Ihavedeterminedworkingasavolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.

(3)Everyoneconcernedactedwithgreatcourageand(determine).

(4)Ashewasdeterminednevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakebigfortune,Mikelefthomewithoutsayingaword.→nevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakebigfortune,Mikelefthomewithoutsayingaword.

2.disappointedadj.失望的;沮喪的;失意的Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.這些災(zāi)難使每個(gè)人都感到悲傷和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望從未泯滅。知識(shí)延伸(1)bedisappointed(2)disappointvt.使失望;使沮喪;使(希望、計(jì)劃等)落空;挫敗disappointingadj.令人失望的;掃興的(形容事)disappointmentn.失望;挫折toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Donotbe(disappoint)ifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.

(2)Ourresultsinthismarkethavebeenrather(disappoint)comparedwithlastyear.

(3)Onlyafewpeoplewereinsupportofhisplan,whichmadehimvery(disappoint).

(4)Formany,theirlong-awaitedhomecomingwasabitter(disappoint).

;欲望vt.渴望;期望Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.這些災(zāi)難使每個(gè)人都感到悲傷和失望,但探索宇宙的欲望從未泯滅。知識(shí)延伸haveastrongdesiredesiretodosth渴望做某事desiresbtodosth希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth希望……做某事知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Theseactivitiesseemedtosatisfymydesire(be)usefulandtofeelameaningfulconnectiontothelivesofothers.

(2)Weallshareacommondesirepleasure,connectionandsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.

(3)Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercisesshould(hand)inbeforeschoolwasover.

(4)看到那個(gè)漂亮的玩具,我有一種強(qiáng)烈的欲望進(jìn)去玩一下它,但被商店的櫥窗阻擋了。Seeingthebeautifultoy,Itoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackbytheshopwindow.

4.carryon繼續(xù)做,堅(jiān)持干Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.這是因?yàn)槿藗儓?jiān)信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面臨巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。知識(shí)延伸carryon(withsth/doingsth)繼續(xù)(做某事)carryaway陶醉;使入迷carrythrough完成;堅(jiān)持下去carryout執(zhí)行;實(shí)行;貫徹;落實(shí)carrysb/sththrough幫某人渡過難關(guān)/成功地完成某事知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)她的勇氣激發(fā)了他繼續(xù)生活和工作的意愿。Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewilltowithhislifeandhiswork.

(2)我想用英語來談話,但是力不從心。ItriedtoaconversationinEnglish,butitfarexceededmyability.

(3)Nomatterwhatwedo,wemustcarryourduties.

(4)Theboardofthedirectorsdecidedtocarrythediscussionnextday.

(5)Theaudiencewascarriedbyhiswonderfulperformance.

Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.在2003年,楊利偉成功地在神舟五號(hào)上繞地球環(huán)行,這使中國成為世界上第三個(gè)獨(dú)立將人類送入太空的國家。知識(shí)延伸英語中常用不定式作后置定語的情況:(1)被修飾詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),常用不定式作后置定語。(2)被修飾詞前有theonly,thevery,thenext等詞時(shí)。(3)抽象名詞time,way,ability,reason,chance,courage,opportunity等后常用不定式作定語。(4)不定代詞something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定語。知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)今天早晨誰是第一個(gè)到教室的?Whowasthefirsttheclassroomthismorning?

(2)我沒有計(jì)劃到那里去度假。Ihavenoplansforaholiday.

(3)沒有人懷疑她解決這個(gè)問題的能力。Noonedeniesherabilitytheproblem.

(4)上個(gè)月我有幸游覽了長(zhǎng)城。IhadachancetheGreatWalllastmonth.

(5)我下周打算去北京,你有東西要帶給你兒子嗎?IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtoyourson?

;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號(hào);標(biāo)志ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.這標(biāo)志著中國建立空間站的計(jì)劃又向前邁進(jìn)了一步。知識(shí)延伸(1)signal(to)sbtodosth示意某人做某事signal(sb)that示意……signalsthtosb向某人示意……(2)trafficsignals交通信號(hào)燈知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)她打信號(hào)燈表示她要向左轉(zhuǎn)彎。Sheshewasabouttoturnleft.

(2)我媽媽示意我將桌子移開。Mymotheristhetable.

(3)當(dāng)你過十字路口時(shí),你應(yīng)該注意交通信號(hào)燈。Whenyoucomeacrossthecrossing,youshouldpayattentionto.

7.soasto(dosth)為了;以便Despitethehugerisksthough,peoplewillalwayscontinuetoexplorethisfinalfrontiersoastolearnitssecrets.盡管存在巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但人們總會(huì)繼續(xù)探索這個(gè)最終的前沿,以了解它的秘密。知識(shí)延伸(1)soasto(dosth)意為“以便(做……);為了(做……)”,引導(dǎo)的短語在句中作目的狀語。(2)soasto=inorderto,但soasto一般不用在句首。(3)inorderto和soasto引導(dǎo)的目的狀語可轉(zhuǎn)換為inorderthat或sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,從句中常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Cutdownthearticlesoas(make)itfitthespaceavailableonthepaper.

Hetoldmethenewsinalowvoicesoasnottolettheothershearwhathewassaying.→(2)Hetoldmethenewsinalowvoicetheothershearwhathewassaying.

→(3)Hetoldmethenewsinalowvoicetolettheothershearwhathewassaying.

;沒有;短缺的東西Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy宇航員的骨骼和肌肉會(huì)由于缺乏重力而在太空中變得非常脆弱,所以他們每天都需要鍛煉,這有助于他們保持健康。知識(shí)延伸(1)(a)lackof...缺少……forlackof...由于缺乏……(2)lack(for)sth缺乏/需要某事物(3)lackingadj.缺乏的;缺少的belackinginsth缺少某物知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Asweallknow,lackofformaleducationwilllimityourjobopportunities.

(2)lackofhumanprotection,thenumberofYangtzefinlessporpoiseisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.

(3)Thoughtheywerelackingmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.→money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.(升級(jí)為省略句)

;超出Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.(P42)將人類送往其他行星甚至太陽系之外并不是一個(gè)容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。知識(shí)延伸beyondcontrol失控beyonddoubt不用懷疑beyondone’sexpression難以表達(dá)beyondone’scomprehension難以理解beyondone’sreach夠不到beyondone’spower力所不能及知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)安排這樣的會(huì)議超出了我的能力。Itistoarrangethemeeting.

(2)我夠不到上層架子上的書。Thebooksontheuppershelfare.

(3)我無法理解杰克所做的事情。WhatJackhaddonewas.

10.whether...or...是……還是……Countriesaroundtheglobearespendingbillionsofdollarsandlotsoftimeonvariousspacemissions,whethertoMarsorotherplanetsmuchfurtheraway.全球各國在無論是火星還是更遠(yuǎn)的其他行星的太空任務(wù)上花費(fèi)了數(shù)十億美元和大量時(shí)間。知識(shí)延伸(1)whether...or...意為“是……還是……”,whether表示一種選擇,其后可以跟介詞短語或不定式短語。(2)whether...or...意為“是……還是……”,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。(3)whether...or...意為“無論……還是……”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)我不知道是接受好,還是拒絕好。Idon’tknowwhethertheofferorrefuseit.

(2)我不知道我們是否可以趕上最后一班公共汽車,或是只好步行回家。Iwonderbeintimeforthelastbusorhavetowalkhome.

(3)無論下不下雨,我們周六一定踢足球。Whetheritrains,we’replayingfootballonSaturday.

;爭(zhēng)辯;爭(zhēng)論Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.有些人認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該停止浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢去探索太空。知識(shí)延伸(1)arguewithsb(about/over/onsth)(就某事)與某人爭(zhēng)論arguethat...主張……;認(rèn)為……arguefor/againststh據(jù)理贊成/反對(duì)某事arguesbinto/outofdoingsth說服某人做/不做某事(2)argumentn.爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)辯知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Iregrettedarguingheraboutsuchasmallquestion.

(2)Afteralongtimeofdiscussiontheyacceptedtheagreementwithout(argue).

(3)Asourfamilyincomedecreased,Fatherarguedanincreaseinourpocketmoney.

(4)他們認(rèn)為,這將有助于外國人更好地融入社會(huì),促進(jìn)跨文化的理解。Theythatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.

12.resultin導(dǎo)致IthasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesthatnoworbitEarth它直接導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在地球軌道上的許多衛(wèi)星。知識(shí)延伸(1)resultfrom由……造成;因……而產(chǎn)生(2)asaresult結(jié)果;因此asaresultof...作為……的結(jié)果withoutresult沒有結(jié)果;白費(fèi)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)工作壓力導(dǎo)致了他精神上的疾病;現(xiàn)在他的健康處于危險(xiǎn)中。Workstresshismentalillness.Hishealthisnowatrisk.

(2)由于吃得太多,他肚子疼。Hisstomachachehiseatingtoomuch.

(3)過去數(shù)十年,由于全球變暖,北極海冰已經(jīng)減少。Overthepastdecades,seaicehasdecreasedintheArcticglobalwarming.

(4)人們現(xiàn)在比過去享有更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù),因此壽命更長(zhǎng)了。Peoplehavebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglonger.

;綁;貼Whilelanding,theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.在著陸期間,為了阻止四處飄浮,他們必須把自己拴在某個(gè)東西上。知識(shí)延伸(1)attachsthto...把某物連接到/附在……上attachoneselfto依附……;纏著……attachimportance/significanceto...重視;認(rèn)為……重要/有意義(2)attachedadj.喜愛的;依戀的;附屬的beattachedto被連接到……;愛慕;附屬于知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)Itishightimethatthecountryshouldattachimportanceenergysavingandenvironmentalprotection.

(2)Acrossthestream,amanistryingtoreachoutontheedgeofthebankforthefruitwithanet(attach)toapole.

(3)Thishospital(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearby.

(4)毫無疑問,教育是我們應(yīng)該更加重視的問題。Thereisnodoubtthateducationisaproblemweshould.

即時(shí)檢測(cè)1：1.Thespiritofself-relianceand______________(independent)shouldbepasseddown.

2.59.Onlythosewhogeta______________(relate)collegedegreearelikelytoobtainsuchgoodjobs.

3.The

power

of

the

Green

movement

in

Germany

has

made

that

country

a

leader

in

the

drive__________(

recycle)

more

waste

materials.4.___________(lack)leadership,theycouldorganizenodefenceagainsttheiroppressors.5.Scientistssaythousandsofanimalsgettrappedinthe___________(float)waste,resultingindeathorinjury.6.Theyarekeen______________(experience)thenaturalbeauty.7.Thatparticularmodelisnot______________(current)instock.8.______________(sufficient)andrespectfortheplacearetheaimsofbuildingthefuture.9.______________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasaselectivecourse.10.Chinastartedspecialeducationforthe______________(mental)disabledchildrenin1979.11.Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingtosaythosewords,becausetheyconveyregrets,lostopportunities,mistakesand____________________(disappoint).課后練習(xí)之單句填空1.TobecomeanastronautinChina,youhavetohave1,350hoursof(fly)experience.

2.(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.

3.While(intelligence)peoplecanoftensimplifythecomplex,afoolismorelikelytocomplicatethesimple.

4.WhenIopenedmybook,Ifoundabeautifulcard(attach)tothefirstpage,givingmebestwishes.

5.Hefoughttheillnesswithcourageand(determine).

6.Thefashionworldjustkeeps(recycle)oldideas.

7.Theprofessorwasdelightedtofindthattwothirdsoftheprojecthadbeenfinishedbythestudents