語言學(xué)常用術(shù)語

語學(xué)術(shù)

AListCommonly-usedLinguisticTerminology語言學(xué)用術(shù)語表PartI通用術(shù)Acquisition習(xí)得Agglutinativelanguage粘著Anthropology人類學(xué)linguistics應(yīng)用語言Arbitrariness任意Artificial(AI)人工能行為主義行為主心理學(xué)Bilingualism雙語現(xiàn)象Cognition認知Cognitive認知語言Cognitive認知科學(xué)Comparativelinguistics比較言學(xué)Computational計算語言學(xué)語料庫語學(xué)Creole克里奧耳語混合語Culture文化linguistics描寫語言識別特征發(fā)展心語言學(xué)Diachronic/historical歷時語言學(xué)方言方言學(xué)不受時空制的特Dualism二元論Duality二重性Epistemology認識論辭源學(xué)實驗心語言學(xué)形式Formal形式語學(xué)法律語言功能主

普通語學(xué)Grammaticality符合法性表意法Inflectional屈折語交叉性學(xué)的孤立語言宏觀社會言學(xué)Mentalism心智義微觀社會語言學(xué)蒙太古法神經(jīng)語學(xué)Orthography正字法Orthoepic正音法的Paradigmatic聚合關(guān)言語教育學(xué)；教授語文學(xué)Philosophy哲學(xué)表音皮欽語；洋涇語多式綜合Prescriptivelinguistics規(guī)定語言學(xué)理語學(xué)心理學(xué)符號學(xué)社會學(xué)Speech言語社會語言學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)主義共時語言學(xué)Syntagmatic組合關(guān)系Theoreticlinguistics理論語言Universalgrammar普遍語法Universality普遍性PartII音位學(xué)Ablaut元音變化聲學(xué)語學(xué)塞擦音音位變體2

Alveolar齒齦Articulatory發(fā)音語音聽覺語音Articulatory發(fā)音變體送氣同化tongue舌根vowel后元音雙唇tongue舌面Broadtranscription寬式音Central中元音Collocation搭配互補分Consonant輔音Dental齒音變音符號；加符號Diphthong雙元音Distinctivefeatures區(qū)別性征擦音vowel前元音Glide音渡Glottal喉音Hardpalate硬腭International國際音標語調(diào)Liquid流音Manner發(fā)音法最小立體Narrowtranscription嚴式音標Nasal鼻音Nasal鼻腔Palatal腭音Pharyngeal咽腔素Phoneme音位ofarticulation發(fā)音部爆破音contrast音位對立Phonetics音學(xué)Rounded圓音Soft(velum)軟

Spectrograph頻譜儀Speechorgan發(fā)音官Speech語音Stop塞音重音超音特征Teeth齒齦隆骨Tiptongue舌尖Tone音/聲Unrounded非圓唇音小舌Velar軟腭Vocalcords聲帶濁音Voiceless清音Voicing濁音Vowel元音PartIIIMorphology形態(tài)學(xué)首字母縮詞詞綴詞綴法逆成法緊縮法Borrowing借用morpheme粘著素縮略創(chuàng)新詞合成法轉(zhuǎn)換封閉類morpheme派生語素Free自由語素成語Inflection屈折化Inflectional屈折語素Jargon行話Lexicography辭典編纂Loan外來語素開放類Prefix前綴Productive能產(chǎn)的3

詞根Stem詞干后綴Suppletion異根Wordformation構(gòu)詞法PartIV句法學(xué)Abstract抽象名詞Accusative賓格voice主動態(tài)Adjective形容詞Adjunct附加語狀語一致系照應(yīng)Antecedent先行詞省略號Apposition同位Article冠詞定語Case格分裂集合名Comment述題Competence語言能力Complement補語predicate復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合句Concessionrelation讓步關(guān)系Concrete具體名詞Connective連接詞Constituent句子成Contentword實詞Continuous進行體Coordinateclause并列句Coordinatingconjunction并列連詞Copula系動詞Declarative陳述adequacy描寫充分性Directobject直接賓語constituents非連續(xù)性

成分深層結(jié)構(gòu)number雙數(shù)Dummyword偽詞construction向心構(gòu)Ergative作格感嘆句Existential存在句Exocentricconstruction離心結(jié)adequacy解釋充分Feminine陰性Finiteclause限定分句Finite限定性動詞Functionword功能詞Genericterm泛指成分Genitive所有格；屬格Gender性Gerundive動名詞Habitual習(xí)慣體Head中心詞ImmediateConstituent(ICAnalysis)直接成分析法mood祈使語氣祈使句Imperfectiveaspect非完體Indirectobject間接賓語不定式Inflectionalaffix屈折前綴非正式言Intensifier強勢語感嘆詞Interrogativesentence疑問句Intransitive不及物動詞Intransitivity不及物性Irregular不規(guī)則動Labeledtreediagram加標記的形圖語言器官Lexicalverb實詞性動詞Main主句Masculine陽性主句中動語態(tài)情態(tài)4

情態(tài)動Modification修飾Modifier修飾語Morphologicalprocess形態(tài)過程Move移位Negation否定Neuter中性Nominal名詞性Nominal名詞性分Nominalization名物化Nominativecase主格Non-placepredicate空位謂結(jié)構(gòu)Numeral數(shù)詞Object賓語Objective賓格Oblique斜格adequacy觀充分性O(shè)ne-place一位述謂結(jié)擬聲詞Particle小品詞詞性Passivevoice被動語態(tài)tense過去完成時tense過去完成體Performance語言用；言行為pronoun人稱代詞擬人化verb短語動Phrase短語Phrasestructurerules(PS-rules)短語結(jié)構(gòu)則Plural復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)性后置phrase后置短語謂詞Preposition介詞phrase介詞性語tense現(xiàn)在時Progressive進行體principle投射原則代詞性的Pronoun代詞

Quantifier數(shù)量詞Reciprocal互指代詞Reflexivepronoun反身詞Reflexiveverb反身動關(guān)系副關(guān)系狀pronoun關(guān)系代詞Rhetorical反意問句Sentence句子句子的句子性補sentence簡單單數(shù)的單數(shù)性S-structure表層結(jié)Subject主語Subjective主格從屬句Substantive實詞句法功能Tag附加疑問時態(tài)Topic主題Transformational-generative(TGgrammar)轉(zhuǎn)換生成語法verb及物動詞及物性二位述結(jié)構(gòu)動詞的非格性Verb動詞behavior言語行為Voice語態(tài)Wordclasses詞類Wordorder詞序Yes-noquestion是非問句；一疑問句PartV語義學(xué)施事反義詞Antonymy反義關(guān)系Beneficiary受益者5

Colorword色彩詞互補性反關(guān)系Componentialanalysis成分分析自相矛盾說法Deicticcenter指示心指示Downgrade語義降經(jīng)歷同形異音異同音異Hyponym下義下義Instrument工具地點有意義Naming命名Participant參與者角色Patient受事Person人稱指示語deixis地點指語Polysemy一詞多義world可能界Predication述謂結(jié)構(gòu)分析Recipient接收所指所指對restrictions選擇限制語義角意義Superordinate上義詞Synonym同義詞Synonymy同義關(guān)系Theme受事ro語義角色時間指示Truthcondition真值條件Valency配價PartVIPragmatics語用學(xué)Addressee說話象Adjacencypair鄰接對Context語境上下文

Conversationalimplicature會話含義Cooperative合作原則Direct直接話語Discourse話語Distal遠指百科知識Euphemism委婉語Focus焦點廣義含義Givenvs.newinformation已知與未知信息Honorific敬語Illocutionaryact言外為Illocutionaryforce言外之力Implicature含義Indirectspeech間接話語principle信息原則Manner方式含Maxim方式則Maximquality質(zhì)量準則Maxim數(shù)量準則Maxim關(guān)聯(lián)則施為句verb施為動言后行為Potentialimplicature可能含義Potential可能預(yù)設(shè)事先聲明Preparatorycondition準備件