初中賓語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)

PAGE11初中賓語(yǔ)從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：

Iknowtheman.而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：

Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.

主句引導(dǎo)詞從句賓語(yǔ)從句三大塊:1.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序；3.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。Ⅰ.賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老師說(shuō)我是個(gè)好男孩。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語(yǔ)從句:1.Iknow…2.Shesays…3.Tellyourfriend…（that）1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.2.當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語(yǔ)從句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Theteacherasks…if/whether1.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?3.DoesTomworkhard?4.DidyouwatchTV?5.Willtheyreadbooks?6.Canyousing?注意：只能用whether不用if的三種情況一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：①與ornot連用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②在介詞之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語(yǔ)從句:1.Doyouknow…2.Iwanttoknow…3.Canyoutellme…Whatisthis?Whatareyoudoing?Wheredoyoulive?Whendoeshegetup?Howdidyougotowork?Whowillyouplaywith?Ⅱ.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序句式連詞語(yǔ)序例句陳述句That不變Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑問(wèn)句if/whether改為陳述語(yǔ)序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞改為陳述語(yǔ)序HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.注意事項(xiàng):(一)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)1.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)確定，可以是_________時(shí)態(tài)。

Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的_________時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情況：1.從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時(shí)，任用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍然用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即學(xué)即練]子連接成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15）WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.單項(xiàng)選擇1）Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.when B.if C.whether D./答案：Dhope后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.why B.when C.how D.where答案：A從下文的答語(yǔ)看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來(lái)看我們的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whether B.why C.what D.how答案：A本句表達(dá)一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________？I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.Lilived答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。從句意判斷問(wèn)的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer？—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.／；bought B.has；boughtC.did；buy D.does；buy答案：Adoyouthink是插入語(yǔ)，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和陳述語(yǔ)序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.that B.whether C.why D.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry，Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidfor D.howmuchshewillpayfor答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，由此排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，由lastweek判斷應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestarted B.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstart D.whenwillwestart答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示。經(jīng)典例題例1Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.that B.how C.what D.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字《誰(shuí)動(dòng)了我的奶酪》，本句含義是“一個(gè)讀者問(wèn)書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名WhoMovedMyCheese，它本身含有一個(gè)who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語(yǔ)中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的東西。例2Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathow B.howthat C.whenthat D.thatwhen思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾·蓋茨十三歲的時(shí)候開始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，本句中的that是賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用。綠色通道：做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說(shuō)不通時(shí)，從另一個(gè)角度或另一個(gè)含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimal