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主謂一致考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練

1.語(yǔ)法一致的原則

2.意義一致的原則

3.鄰近一致的原則

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配,須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般

遵循三條原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

1.語(yǔ)法一致的原則

(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂

語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),例如:

Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.

Thechildrenareplayingoutside.

Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.

(2)由and或both.…and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

BothheandIareright.

Mr.BlackandMrs.BlackhaveasoncalledTom.

但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.

Thepoetandwriterhascome.

(3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each,every修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用

單數(shù)形式。例如:

Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.

Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.

(4)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介詞短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

仍用單數(shù)。例如:

Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.

Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.

Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.

(5)一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.

Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.

(6)由each,some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例

如:

Iseverybodyready?

Somebodyisusingthephone.

(7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等

作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

Wherearemyshoes?Ican*tfindthem.

Yburtrousersaredirty.You'dbetterchangethem.

如果這類名詞前用了apairof等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往

取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.

Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.

2.意義一致的原則

(1)表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:

Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.

Tendollarsistoodear.

(2)有些集合名詞,如family,team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單

數(shù);如指其中每個(gè)成員,則用第數(shù)。例如:

Myfamilyisbigone.

MyfamilyarewatchingTV.

(3)不定代詞由all,most,more,some,any,none作主語(yǔ)時(shí),也要依這些代詞表示的

意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單身數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表第數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第數(shù);如果代

詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.

Allofthepeoplehavegone.

(4)疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況:主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);

主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

Whoisyourbrother?

WhoareLeaguemembers?

(5)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。

名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù):名詞是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.

Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.

(6)half,therest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果所指為第數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用夏數(shù);

如果所指為單數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:

Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.

Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.

(7)由what引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為第

數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Whatshesaidiscorrect.

Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.

(8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語(yǔ),往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語(yǔ)指的是一類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概

念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:

Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.

Thedeadisafamousperson.

3.鄰近一致的原則

(1)由連詞or,eitheror,neither…nor,notonly..butalso,等連接的并列主語(yǔ),

如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:

EitheryouorIamright.

Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.

(2)在“Therebe”句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。

Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.

(3)aswellas和名詞連用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。

HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.

不但是我,他對(duì)這件事也有責(zé)任。

(4)以here開(kāi)頭的句子,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。

Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.

【實(shí)例解析】

1.(2004年天津市中考試題)

Howtimeflies!Tenyearspassed.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

答案:Bo該題考查的是主謂一致。Tenyears通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

單數(shù)形式。

2.(2004年南通市中考試題)

NotonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrothertotheSummerPalace.

Theyhaven'tbeenback.

A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone

答案:Do該題考查的是主謂一致。如果由notonly..butalso連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ),其謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)樗麄冞€都沒(méi)有回來(lái),所以用

hasgone而不用hasbeen。

3.(2004年吉林市中考試題)

Neithermyfathergoingtoseethepatient.

A.norIamB.norIare

C.ormeareD.ormeis

答案:A。該題考查的是主謂一致。Neither..nor是一組連詞,可連接連個(gè)并列主語(yǔ),其

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)同靠近的主語(yǔ)I保持一致,因此應(yīng)選A。

4.(2004年包頭市中考試題)

Look!There_______playingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.

A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeers

C.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers

答案:A,該題考查的是主謂一致。這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是anumberofdeer,是個(gè)第數(shù)概

念,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(deer單復(fù)數(shù)相同)

【中考演練】

一.選擇填空

1.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlessonquiteeasy.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

2.WhenareyougoingtoKunmingforyourholidays?

Ihaven'tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK.

A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso

3.HelenJoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.

A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.AandB

4.ofthemhashisownopinion.

A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each

5.Arethereany______onthefarm?

A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep

6.Myshirt____whiteandmytrousers_____blue.

A.are;areB.are;is

C.is;isD.is;are

7.Twomonthsquitealongtime.

Yes.Tmafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

8.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut____ofthemliveswithhim.

A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all

9.Ourknowledgeofcomputergrowingallthetime.

A.beB.isC.areD.were

10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

11.Mostofthehousesthisyear.

A.hasbuiltB.havebuilt

C.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt

12.Ithinkmathsverydifficulttolearn.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

13.AlargenumberofstudentstoworkinXinjiang.

A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.goesD.isgoing

14.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclasssmall.

A.areB.isC.haveD.were

15.Therealotofgoodnewsintoday'snewspaper.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

二.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1._____(be)everythingOK?

2.Nobody(know)theanswertothequestion.

3.Tendividedbytwo_(be)five.

4.Mostofthedrinkingwater(be)fromtheBlackRiver.

5.NotonlyshebutalsoI(do)morningexerciseseveryday.

6.Eitheryouorshe(have)madeawrongdecision.

7.Thefamily_____(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.

8.Breadandbutter(be)herdailybreakfast.

9.Thepolice(be)tryingtocatchthethief.

10.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthem____absent

fordifferentreasons.

三.翻譯下列句子

1.我們兩個(gè)人都沒(méi)有看這部電影。

2.我的茶杯里沒(méi)有水了。

3.不是他就是我要到哪兒去。

4.學(xué)生們和老師都不知道這件事。

5.我們家正在一起度周末。

【練習(xí)答案】

一.1.B2.B3.D4.D5.D6.D7.A8.C9.B10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.A

二.1.1s2.knows3.is4.is5.do6.has7.are8.is9,are10.was;were

三.1.Neitherofushasseenthefilm.

2.Thereisnowaterinmycup.

3.EitherheorIisgoingthere.

4.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsthismatter.

5.Ourfamilyarespendingtheweekendtogether.

主謂一致要點(diǎn)剖析

英語(yǔ)中,句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱和數(shù)上和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。下面結(jié)合高考試題,對(duì)有關(guān)

主謂一致的問(wèn)題作一分析。

1.由either...orneither...nor...,notonly...butalso…等連接的名詞或代詞作

主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要和離動(dòng)詞最近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

Neitheryounorheistoblame.

你和他都不該受責(zé)備。

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhastomemorizethetext.

不僅學(xué)生而且老師都要把課文背熟。

Eitherheoryouaretodothatwork.

不是他就是你要做那項(xiàng)工作。

2.主語(yǔ)后面£艮有with,togetherwith,but,alongwith,like,except,besides,

including,inadditionto,ratherthan,aswellas等加名詞或代詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常和這些短語(yǔ)前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

I,aswellasthey,amreadytohelpyou.

我和他們都樂(lè)意幫助你。

Awomanwithtwochildreniscoming.

一個(gè)婦女帶著兩個(gè)孩子走過(guò)來(lái)了。

NobodybutTomandMarywasthere.

只有湯姆和瑪麗在那里。

Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthework.

一位專家和幾位助手被派去協(xié)助這項(xiàng)工作。

Nooneexceptmyparentsknowsanythingaboutit.

除了我父母誰(shuí)也不知道這件事。

3.由and連接的并列名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果主語(yǔ)是指兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)人或物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用

復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果主語(yǔ)是指同一個(gè)人或物,這時(shí),and后面的名詞前面沒(méi)有冠詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用

單數(shù)形式。例如:

Thesecretaryandtheprincipaloftheschoolwerepresentatthemeeting.

該校的書(shū)記和校長(zhǎng)都出席了會(huì)議。

Thesecretaryandprincipaloftheschoolwaspresentatthemeething.

該校的書(shū)記兼校長(zhǎng)出席了會(huì)議。

4.集體名詞如family,team,group,class,club,committee,audience,public

等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果側(cè)重一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果著重集體中的各個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.

他家人口不多。

Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.

他家的人都喜歡音樂(lè)。

Theaudiencewasenormous.

觀眾人數(shù)很多。

Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.

聽(tīng)了這話,聽(tīng)眾都很感動(dòng)。

5.在there或here引起的句子中,如果主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要和與其臨近的那

個(gè)主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

Thereisabook,twopensandthreepencilsonthedesk.

書(shū)桌上有一本書(shū),兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。

Hereareafewenvelopes,apenandsomepaperforyou.

這兒有幾個(gè)信封、一支筆和一些紙給你。

6.uanumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式:"thenumberof+復(fù)

數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如:

Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.

有關(guān)這一學(xué)科的書(shū)出版了許多。

Thenumberofthebookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.

有關(guān)這一學(xué)科的書(shū),出版的數(shù)量簡(jiǎn)直驚人。

7.形式上是單數(shù)而意義上是復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞如people,police,cattle(牛),poultry

(家禽)等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;形式上是復(fù)數(shù)而意義上是單數(shù)的名詞如works

(工廠),savings(存款),news(新聞),means(方法),politics(政治),

economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:

Thepoliceareonthetrackofthecriminal.

警察正在追捕那個(gè)罪犯。

Thecattleareeatinggrassonthepasture.

牛正在草場(chǎng)上吃草。

Everymeanshasbeentried.

每一種方法都試過(guò)了。

Thechemicalworksislocatedinthesuburbofthecity.

那個(gè)化工廠位于城市的郊區(qū)。

8.each和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

例如:

Eachofushassomethingtosay.

我們每個(gè)人都有些話要說(shuō)。

Someonewantstoseeyouatthedoor.

門(mén)口有個(gè)人想見(jiàn)你。

Nobodyknowsit.

沒(méi)有人知道這件事。

9.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常當(dāng)作整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

單數(shù)形式。例如:

Onehundredmileswascoveredinasinglenight.

一夜走了100英里。

Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.

允許有三個(gè)星期的時(shí)間做必要的準(zhǔn)備。

10.“the+形容詞”一般表示一類人,如theold(老人),theyoung(年輕人),the

rich(有錢(qián)人,富人),thepoor(窮人),theblack(黑人),thewhite(白人),

thedead(死者),theliving(生者)等,若它們?cè)诰渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形

式。例如:

Thericharenotalwayshappy.

有錢(qián)的人并不總是快樂(lè)的。

Theoldaretakengoodcareof.

老年人受到了很好的照料。

11.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要與of后面的名詞在數(shù)上保持一

致。例如:

About70percentoftheworkersinthatfactoryareyoungpeople.

那些工廠70%的工人是年輕人。

Onlythree-fifthsoftheworkwasdoneyesterdaybythem.

昨天他們只完成了五分之三的工作。

12.并列的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如:

Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesonehappyandwise.

睡得早,起得早,心情愉快身體好。

Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.

早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。

Whetherwewillgoornotmatterslittle.

我們?nèi)ゲ蝗リP(guān)系不大。

13.在“oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,若復(fù)數(shù)名詞是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,定語(yǔ)從

句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當(dāng)one前面有theonly,thevery等修飾時(shí),one是

先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:

SheisoneofthegirlsIknowwholiketospeakillofothersbehindtheirbacks.

她是我所知道的喜歡在背后說(shuō)別人壞話的女孩之一。

SheistheonlyoneofthegirlsIknowwholikestospeakillofothersbehindtheir

backs.

她是我所知道的女孩中唯一的一個(gè)喜歡在背后說(shuō)別人壞話的女孩。

定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練

中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:

1、定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

2、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

3、各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書(shū)面表達(dá)肯定也要用

到定語(yǔ)從句。

【名師精講】

定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定

語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:

Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.

Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?

IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?

ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.

二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系

起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),關(guān)系

副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。

1.作主語(yǔ):關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例

如:

Idon'tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.

ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.

2.作賓語(yǔ):

SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.

Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.

3.作定語(yǔ)

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例如:

Whafsthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?

Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.

4.作狀語(yǔ)

rilneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

三.各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

1.who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如:

Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.

Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

2.whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:

Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?

Mr.Lee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.

3.whose指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:

Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.

Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.

4.which指物,在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:

Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.

Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.

5.that多指物,有時(shí)也指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:

I'vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.

Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

6.when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

rilneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如:

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

四.關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定

語(yǔ)從句之間,有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě),而將介詞置

于定語(yǔ)從句的后面,如:

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom

whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

五.具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題:

1.只能使用that,不用which的情況:

(1)先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。例如:

Allthathesaidistrue.

(2)先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如:

Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如:

Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.

(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。

Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如:

Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.

2.只能用which,不用that的情況:

(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例如:

Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

(2)定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時(shí)。例如:

Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

【中考范例】

1.(2004年哈爾濱中考試題)

Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?

Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who

【解析】答案:Do該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人,而關(guān)系

代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以只有who合適。

2.(2004年常州市中考試題)

TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that

【解析】答案:De該題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物,而關(guān)系代詞

在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),所以只有that合適。

3.(2004年揚(yáng)州市中考試題)

Whereisthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday?

HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.

A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which

【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人,而關(guān)系

代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以只有who合適。

4.(2004年益陽(yáng)市中考試題)

Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.

A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

【解析】答案:Do該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人,而關(guān)系

代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以只有who合適。

【滿分演練】

一.單項(xiàng)填空

1.WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

Oh!It'sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

2.Ihatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

3.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom

4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

5.Thisistheplace____Ihaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

6.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

7.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

8.Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

9.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

10.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillage______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

13.ThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

14.Hedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasborn.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

15.Helivedinasmallvillage,_____wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

二.用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對(duì)句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句

1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.

3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.

4.Thewomanisherenow.Ybuweretalkingabouther.

5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.

6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.

7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.

8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Ybugavemeabooklastweek.

9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.

10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.

三.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

1.Thehouseweliveinisverybig.

2.Theboy_____iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.

4.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.

6.Thereisnothingintheworld______canfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.

8.Wevisitedafactory______makestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?

10.Illneverforgetthedays______IjoinedtheLeague.

【練習(xí)答案】

一.1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.C11.D12.B13.D14.D15.B

二.1.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.

2.Theoldmanwhoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.

3.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquare.

4.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.

5.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.

6.Thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour.

7.Themanwhowaveduswasmyuncle.

8.Ienjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek.

9.ThesubjectIpreferisscience.

10.ThemanIspoketoisaprofessor.

三.1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which4.who/that5.that6.that7.which

8.which/that9.where1O.when

狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句

3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句

4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句

6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

8.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞,副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ)從句,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句,原因狀語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,比較狀語(yǔ)從句,

目的狀語(yǔ)從句,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等連詞

來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如:

Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.

Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.

Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.

HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.

Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.

(2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里,通常不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

rilringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.

Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.

Hewon'tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一

直到.…時(shí)”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到.…才"在……

以前不…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如:

Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.

Lefswaituntiltherainstops.

Wewon'tstartuntilBobcomes.

Don'tgetoffuntilthebusstops.

2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。例如:

Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?

Don'tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.

(2)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句里,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

rilhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.

Hewon'tbelateunlessheisill.

(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。例如:

Hurryup,oryoullbelate.

=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.

Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.

=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。例如:

Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.

Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.

Sinceyoucan*tanswerthequestion,Tilasksomeoneelse.

(2)because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句多放在主句之后?;卮?/p>

由why提出的問(wèn)題,只能用because。As和since語(yǔ)氣較弱,一般用來(lái)表示明顯的原因。由

as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從居多放在句首。例如:

Whyaren'tgoingthere?

BecauseIdon*twantto.

Ashehasnocar,hecan'tgetthereeasily.

Sincewehavenomoney,wecan'tbuyit.

(3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。

4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so..that,such..that,sothat引導(dǎo)。例如:

Heissopoorthathecan'tbuyabikeforhisson.

Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.

Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn'tseeit.

(2)so..ihat語(yǔ)such...that可以互換。例如:

在由s?!璽hat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:“…so+形容

詞(副詞)+that+從句”。例如:

Hewassogladthathecouldn'tsayaword.

Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.

Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.

在由such..that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名

詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面需加

不定冠詞a或an。例如:

Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.

Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.

Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.

有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如:

Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.

=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.

(3)如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用so,不用such。例如:

Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.

Hehassolittletimethathecan'tgotothecinemawithyou.

5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句

比較狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as..as,比較級(jí)+than…等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.

Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.

6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)。例如:

Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.

Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.

Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

(2)sothat既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè):

1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等。2)從意思上看,目的狀語(yǔ)

從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如:

Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的狀i吾從句)

Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

(1)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.

AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如:

我們不能說(shuō):Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

應(yīng)該52:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestill

wentout.

8.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常常由where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如:

Gowhereyoulike.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

[實(shí)例解析]

1.(2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題)

Ybuwillstayhealthyyoudomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.

A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where

答案:Ao該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看,從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)條件狀

語(yǔ)從句,在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,所以選A。

2.(2004年江西省中考試題)

Shallwegoonworking?

---Yes,Iprefertohavearest.

A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though

答案:Do該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的選擇。從意思上看,只有選though才能

說(shuō)得通。

3.(2004年徐州市中考試題)

Noneofusknewwhathadhappenedtheytoldusaboutit.

A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though

答案:Bo該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞選擇。本句的意思是“在……以前我們沒(méi)人知

道這件事?!币磉_(dá)著一意思應(yīng)用“not..until”這一句型。

4.(2004年泉州市中考試題)

Ihopeyoullenjoyyourtrip,dear!

Thankyou,mum.THgiveyouacallIgetthere.

A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till

答案:Bo該題考查的是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的選擇。本題的意思是“一到那里,我就給你

打電話。”要表達(dá)這個(gè)意思應(yīng)選用assoonas。

【中考演練】

一.單項(xiàng)填空

1.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.

A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So

2.Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?

Ithinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.

A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe

3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan'tswim,thedolphinsmaycome

uphim.

A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelp

C.willfall;helpD.falls;helping

4.Idon*trememberheworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who

5.Wew川stayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow.

A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming

6.Thepoliceaskedthechildrencrossthestreetthetrafficlights

turnedgreen.

A.not;beforeB.don*t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after

7.Iwaslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmybike.

A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because

8.rilgoswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.

A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was

9.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwillmake.

A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewest

C.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less

10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttoplay.

A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while

11.1hurried_____Iwouldn'tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless

12.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkyouhaveany

questions.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though

13.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.

A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder

14.Hetookoffhiscoathefelthot.

A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since

15.ltisthatwe'dliketogooutforawalk.

A.alovelydayB.toolovelyaday

C.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday

16.Maryhadmuchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.

A.suchB.soC.tooD.very

17.Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.

A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif

18.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As

19.wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.

A.SolongasB.Inorderthat

C.NomatterhowD.Themoment

20.WritetomeassoonasyoutoBeijing.

A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got

二.根據(jù)中文意思完成下列英語(yǔ)句子

1.不管他跟我開(kāi)什么玩笑,我都不生氣。

Iamnotangrywithhim,jokesheonme.

2.布魯斯太太對(duì)學(xué)生非常親切,以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)作母親。

Mrs.Brucewaskindtoherstudentstheyher

theirmother.

3.只要我們竭盡全力,父母就會(huì)滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。

Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformancewetry

ourbest.

4.你一到上海就給我打個(gè)電話好嗎?

WillyoupleasecallmeyougettoShanghai.

5.這個(gè)七歲的女孩酷愛(ài)鋼琴,以至于他己經(jīng)堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩年了。

T

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