教師資格證《英語學科知識與教學能力（高級中學）》（題庫）預測試卷一

教師資格證《英語學科知識與教學能力（高級中學）》（題庫）預測試卷一[單選題]1.Somepar（江南博哥）entsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_______theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger，realorimagined.A.spotB.dismissC.shelterD.distinguish參考答案：C參考解析：本題考查動詞辨析。句意為“有些父母對子女保護過度，他們想處處_____孩子以免遭任何實際的或者假想的危險”。spot“認出，玷污”，dismiss“開除，解雇”，shelter“庇護，保護”，distinguish“區(qū)別”。只有C項符合句意。[單選題]2.Thereareseveralhatsontheshelf，andyoucanchoose_______youlike.A.whereverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever參考答案：C參考解析：本題考查從句連詞。根據(jù)句意“架子上有幾頂帽子，你可以從中選擇你喜歡的任何一頂”，可排除A項“任何地方”和D項“任何時候”。B、C兩項都可以表示“任何一個”，但有范圍的選擇用whichever，沒有范圍的選擇用whatever。從架子上的帽子中做選擇，有范圍。故本題選C。[單選題]3._______，thetallestboyistheyoungest.A.StrangethoughitmayseemB.ThoughstrangeitmayseemC.StrangeitmayseemD.Itmayseemstrange參考答案：A參考解析：本題考查倒裝句。though引導的讓步狀語從句要倒裝，一般將名詞、形容詞、副詞等置于句首。句意為“盡管這可能有點奇怪，但這個最高的男孩是年紀最小的”。故本題選A。[單選題]4.Whichofthefollowingisnotapartofteachingspeaking？A.Languageform.B.Languagecontent.C.Function.D.Outline.參考答案：D參考解析：本題考查口語教學內(nèi)容?？谡Z教學內(nèi)容包括語言形式、語言內(nèi)容、功能、(文化與交際)策略等。D項“概要”不屬于口語教學內(nèi)容。[單選題]5.ButtheSwissdiscoveredlongyearsagothatconstantwarfarebroughtthem_______sufferingandpoverty.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.noneotherthanD.nomorethan參考答案：B參考解析：本題考查短語辨析。句意為“但是多年以前瑞士人就發(fā)現(xiàn)連年不斷的戰(zhàn)爭給他們帶來的只有苦難和貧窮”。anythingbut“決不，根本不”，nothingbut“只有，只不過”，noneotherthan“不是別的，正是……”，nomorethan“不過，僅僅”。根據(jù)句意可知本題選B。[單選題]6.AChinesestudentmakesasentenceasfollows"Heisarichmanwholiketravelling".Theerrorinthatsentenceistheresultof_______.A.negativetransferB.positivetransferC.overgeneralizationD.pragmaticfailure參考答案：A參考解析：本題考查二語習得。二語習得者在學習外語的過程中很容易受到母語的影響。母語有利于外語學習叫正遷移(positivetransfer，也叫facilitation)；母語阻礙外語的學習叫負遷移(negativetransfer，也叫interference)題干例子便是負遷移的表現(xiàn)，因為漢語中謂語動詞沒有第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故本題選A。二語習得中還有一些錯誤，不能用母語的影響來解釋，比如HespeakedEnglish.這個例子，學習者過度應(yīng)用了語法規(guī)則，這種現(xiàn)象叫過度概括(overgeneralization)語用錯誤(pragmaticfailure)指學習者按照本民族的文化習慣來表達，結(jié)果違反了目的語國家的文化習俗。[單選題]7.Todeveloptheskilloflistening，theteacherasksstudentstolearnseveralnewwordsthatwillappearinthelisteningmaterialandpredictwhatthelisteningmaterialisabout.Whichstageisitatinlisteningclass？A.Warmingup.B.Pre-listening.C.While-listening.D.Post-listening.參考答案：B參考解析：本題考查聽力教學。在聽文章之前，教師讓學生學習可能在聽力中出現(xiàn)的新單詞并預測聽力文章的內(nèi)容。這處于聽前(Pre—listening)階段。[單選題]8.Whichofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisdifferentinpronunciationfromothers？A.New.B.Flew.C.Brew.D.Jewelry.參考答案：A參考解析：本題考查字母組合的發(fā)音。A項中ew的發(fā)音為／ju:／，其他三項中ew的發(fā)音均為／u:／，故本題選A。[單選題]9.Billisvery_______;youcantrusthimandturntohimforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.A.reliableB.proudC.dependentD.confident參考答案：A參考解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。reliable“可靠的”，proud“驕傲的，自豪的”，dependent“依靠的”，confident“自信的”。句意為“比爾非?？煽?，你可以信任他并且在有麻煩的時候向他求助”。故本題選A。[單選題]10.Whenyoupickupanewspaper，youreadthroughtheheadlines，titlesandsubtitlesquicklytogetageneralideaaboutwhatiswrittenonthepageandfindoutifthereisanythinginteresting.Thisskilliscalled_______.A.scanningB.skimmingC.inferringD.predicting參考答案：B參考解析：本題考查閱讀技巧。讀報時通過快速瀏覽標題、副標題，抓住文章要點并找到有趣的內(nèi)容，這種閱讀技巧叫作略讀。故本題選B。[單選題]11.We'dbetterdiscusseverything_______beforeweworkouttheplan.A.indetailB.ingeneralC.onpurposeD.ontime參考答案：A參考解析：本題考查介詞短語辨析。句意為“我們最好先討論好一切，然后再制訂計劃”。indetail“詳細地”，ingeneral“一般而言，總的來說”，Onpurpose“故意地”，Ontime“準時”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)該是先詳細討論再制訂計劃，故本題選A。[單選題]12.A_______isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.A.linguafrancaB.registerC.creoleD.dialect參考答案：A參考解析：本題考查社會語言學中的基本概念。通用語(1inguafranca)是一種語言變體，是使用不同語言的人之間的交流語言。洋涇浜語(pidgin)通常是由兩種或兩種以上不同的自然語言成分因為特定原因混雜而成的語言。當洋涇浜語作為第一語言或母語被兒童習得，便成為克里奧爾語(creole)語言的語域變體(registervariety)是一種交際情景方言(situationaldialect)，以交際時說話者所用語體或文體的得體性為主要特征。[單選題]13.ParentsinChinaspend_______ittakestogivetheirkidsanedge，butsometimestheyjustblindlyfollowatrendandover-scheduletheirchildren.A.whateverB.whicheverC.howeverD.whenever參考答案：A參考解析：句意：在中國，父母不惜一切代價給孩子提供優(yōu)勢，但有時他們只是盲目地跟隨潮流，過多地安排孩子的時間。whatever引導賓語從句且在從句中作賓語，符合題意，故選A。[單選題]14.______colditis，theyoungmanrefusedtoputonawarmcoat.A.HoweverB.NomatterC.AsD.Though參考答案：A參考解析：句意：不管天多冷，這個年輕人都不愿穿上暖和的外套。however引導讓步狀語從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為however+形容詞+主語+系動詞，意為“不管怎樣……，無論如何……”，相當于nomatterhow；nomatter“無論，不管”，引導讓步狀語從句時要與疑問詞連用；as／though也可引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然，盡管”，但要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即形容詞+as+主語+系動詞。故選A。[單選題]15.Itwasnot_______shetookoffherdarkglasses_______IrealizedshewasafamousactressA.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then參考答案：B參考解析：notuntil的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis／wasnotuntil+時間狀語+that…。故選B。[單選題]16.Whichoftheletter"u"inthefollowingwordshasadifferentpronunciationfromothers？A.abuseB.useC.excuseD.lure參考答案：D參考解析：考查語音學知識。根據(jù)開音節(jié)規(guī)則可知，單個元音字母后面加個輔音字母，再加一個不發(fā)音的字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié)為開音節(jié)單詞。而在開音節(jié)中元音字母發(fā)本音，但要注意的是，由元音字母加re字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)并不構(gòu)成開音節(jié)，所以lure中u字母的發(fā)音與其他三個不同，故選D。[單選題]17.Whenhecamein，hefoundthatpaperclips，drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere_______alloverthefloor.A.scatteredB.sprayedC.dispersedD.separated參考答案：A參考解析：考查動詞辨析。scatter“分散，散開”；spray“噴，噴射”；disperse“分散，擴散”；separate“分離，分開”。scatter指人或物向四處散開，或把物隨意撒開；disperse多指把一群人或物等徹底驅(qū)散。句意：當他進來的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)回形針、圖釘和安全針散得地上到處都是。故選A。[單選題]18.A:DoyouknowwhereMr.Brownis？B:Somewhereinthesouthernsuburbsofthecity.SpeakerBviolatesthemaximof_______.A.qualityB.quantityC.mannerD.relation參考答案：B參考解析：考查合作原則的違反。說話者B的話語沒有提供足夠的信息，沒能說明布朗先生的具體住所。故選B。[單選題]19.InEnglishteaching，teachersshouldNOTpayattentionto_______.A.correctingthestudent'smistakesanderrorsintheprocessoflearningimmediatelyB.providingtheindependentlearningandcommunicativeopportunitiesforstudentsC.encouragingstudentstoexplorethewaytomasterEnglishD.cultivatingstudents'interest參考答案：A參考解析：在英語教學中，教師應(yīng)該給學生提供獨立學習和交流的機會，鼓勵學生探索掌握英語的方法，并培養(yǎng)他們的興趣。而不應(yīng)該立即糾正學生的錯誤，打擊學生的積極性。[單選題]20.Whatdoesthefollowingpractice？'PeerandIwenttotheschoolyesterday.Peerand'Iwenttotheschoolyesterday.PeerandIwenttothe'schoolyesterday.PeerandIwenttotheschoolyesterday.A.Stress.B.Articulation.C.Intonation.D.Liaison.參考答案：A參考解析：由題干可以看出這些句子在不同的單詞前邊標記，主要是為了考查句子的重讀情況。故選A。[問答題]1.簡述skimming的基本含義并舉一例說明其用途(10分)。寫出訓練該項技能時可采取的三個步驟，并用英語寫出兩句相關(guān)的教師指令語(10分)。參考答案：詳見解析參考解析：(1)略讀是指以盡可能快的速度閱讀，這就要求讀者有選擇地進行閱讀，可跳過某些細節(jié)，以抓住文章的大意，從而加快閱讀速度。其目的是了解文章的大意。略讀對閱讀速度要求較高，而對理解的精確度則要求較低。例如：在教學“Willpeoplehaverobots？”一課時，教師可以設(shè)置略讀活動“Askstudentstoskimthepassagewithin2minutesandsummarizethemainideaofit”，讓學生在2分鐘內(nèi)略讀文章，然后總結(jié)文章大意。略讀活動可以幫助學生了解文章大意，提高學生的閱讀速度。略讀是教師需要訓練學生提高的閱讀能力之一。(2)訓練該項技能時可以采取三個步驟：①通讀文章的起始段和結(jié)尾段。②細讀其他段落的主題句。③瀏覽一些與主題句相關(guān)的信息詞。教師指令語：①Skimthepassagetogetthegistofitandwriteitdownonyournotebook.②Skimthetexttogetthemainideaofitanddiscusswithyourdeskmates.[問答題]2.下面是某高中課堂實錄的教學片段。根據(jù)上面所給信息，從下面兩個方面作答：(1)該片段呈現(xiàn)的是英語教學的什么課型？它屬于該課型的哪個環(huán)節(jié)？(2)分析該片段的教學目標。(3)評析該教師教學活動中的一個優(yōu)點。參考答案：詳見解析參考解析：(1)課型：英語語法課該教學片段屬于語法課中的練習(Practice)和輸出(Production)環(huán)節(jié)。在練習環(huán)節(jié)，教師通過讓學生合并兩個句子的方式練習定語從句中關(guān)系代詞who和that的用法；在輸出環(huán)節(jié)，教師通過讓學生描述最喜歡的電影或地方形成語篇來練習定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法，使學生既學習了語法，又鍛煉了口語交際能力。(2)教學目標①知識目標：學生能夠掌握定語從句中關(guān)系代詞who和that的用法。②能力目標：學生能運用定語從句描述或討論事情，能通過練習提高語法運用能力及口語表達能力。③情感目標：學生能夠?qū)⒂⒄Z課堂學習與實際生活聯(lián)系起來，逐步提高對語法學習的興趣和積極性。(3)優(yōu)點在教學活動中，該教師首先組織開展機械性操練，由淺入深，幫助學生理解關(guān)系代詞的用法。在學生接觸語法點之后，首先組織學生在句子層面進行操練，加深學生對語法點的記憶，使學生學習語法由控制性階段達到自動化階段，即實現(xiàn)內(nèi)化，為學生進行靈活運用打下基礎(chǔ)。然后該教師組織開展交際性練習，創(chuàng)設(shè)了真實而有意義的情境，讓學生在討論中運用新學的語法，由句子層面過渡到語篇層面，達到有效交際的目的。[問答題]3.設(shè)計任務(wù)：請閱讀下面學生信息和語言素材，設(shè)計20分鐘的英語寫作教學方案。教案沒有固定格式，但須包含下列要點：·Teachingobjectives·Teachingcontents·Keyanddifficultpoints·Majorstepsandtimeallocation·Activitiesandjustifications教學時間：45分鐘學生概況：某城鎮(zhèn)普通中學高中二年級學生，班級人數(shù)40人。多數(shù)學生已經(jīng)達到《普通高中英語課程標準》(實驗)六級水平。學生課堂參與積極性一般。語言素材：Thereisanincreasingnumberofschoolviolencehappeningrecentlywhichhaveexertedterribleinfluenceonourschoollife.Whatcanwedoaboutit？Pleasewriteapassageofatleast120wordstitledwith"Howtoimproveschoolsafety？"Keywords:campussecurityguard參考答案：詳見解析參考解析：Teachingcontents：Howtowriteanargumentationaboutschoolviolence.Teachingobjectives(1)Studentswilllearnsomenewwordsandexpressions，likebully，schoolviolence，guards，rebellious，poseagreatdangerto…；Studentswillknowthestructureofargumentationwriting.(2)Studentswillbeabletogivesuggestionsunderthetopicofschoolviolence；Studentscanwriteanargumentationwritingaboutschoolviolence.(3)Studentswillrecognizethatschoolbullyingishorribleandnoonedeservestosufferfromit；Studentswillunderstandthatit'simportantforthemtostandupagainstbulliestogether.Teachingkeyanddifficultpoints(1)TeachingkeypointStudentswillknowhowtowriteanargumentation，includingthebasicstructure，arguments，etc.(2)TeachingdifficultpointStudentscanwriteanargumentationaboutschoolviolence.MajorSteps：SteplWarmingup(2minutes)Playashortvideoreportabouttheschoolviolencehappeningrecently.Afterthevideo，invitetwostudentstosharetheiropinionsaboutit.Givecorrespondingcommentsandmake，ashortconclusionthatschoolbullyingisabsolutelyhorribleandweshouldacttogethertofightagainstit.(Justification：Videoisapowerfultooltorevealthetruthandmakestudentsechoemotionallytothisphenomenon.)Step2Pre-writing(9minutes)(1)Dividestudentsintogroupsof4totalkaboutthesolutionstowardsthisissue.Andremindthemthattheycangivesolutionsfromdifferentaspects，suchaswhatshouldschooldoaboutthis;whatshouldparentsdoaboutthis;andwhatshouldhighschoolstudentsdoaboutthis？(2)Presentthemthewrittenreportofthisvideo.Give1minuteforthemtoreadit.Aftertheyfinishthereport，askthemtocircleoutthesolutionsrecommended，aswellassomekeywordsandexpressionsundersuchtopic.(3)Tellthemtowriteanargumentationwritingbasedonthisreport.Intheirwriting，theyshouldcoverthefollowinginformation：whathappened，whyithappened，howtodealwiththem.(4)Leadthemtofigureoutthestructureaboutthewritingfirst.Thenmakeaconclusiontogetherthatthefirstparagraphisaboutthephenomenondescribing;thesecondparagraphisaboutthereasonsandawfuleffectsaboutthisphenomenon;thethirdparagraphisaboutthesolutions.Then1willgivethemanoralexample.(Justification：Thisstepshouldpreparethestudentsforstructureaswellasthecontentsofthewriting.)Step3While-writing(6minutes)Askthemtowritedownanargumentationunderthetopicofschoolviolencein6minutes.Whilewriting，Iwillaskthemtopaymoreattentiontothespelling，grammar，andthelogicofsentences.(Justification：Withallthepreparationfrompre-writingpart，studentswillbeabletowritedowntheargumentationfast.Inthisstep，studentscanpracticehowtoorganizetheirwords，andtheywilllearntoexpresstheirideaslogically.)Step4Post-writing(3minutes)Aftertheyfinishthewriting，Iwillaskthemtomodifytheirdraftbythemselves，andthenexchangetheirdrafttodothepeerediting.(Justification：Editingisanimportantprocessofwriting.)共享題干題Passage1Australia'sfrogsarehavingtroublefindinglove.Trafficnoiseandothersoundsofcitylife，suchasairconditionersandconstructionnoise，aredrowningoutthematingcallsofmalefrogsinurbanareas，leadingtoasharpdropinfrogpopulations.But，inthefirststudyofitskind，Parris，ascientistattheUniversityofMelbourne，hasfoundthatsomefrogshavefiguredoutawaytocompensateforhumaninterferenceintheirlovelives.Amalesouthernbrowntreefrogsendsoutamatingcallwhenhe'slookingforadate.Itismusictotheearsofafemalesouthernbrowntreefrog.But，addthesoundsofnearbytrafficandthemessagejustisnotgoingout.ParrisspentsevenyearsstudyingfrogsaroundMelbourne.Shesayssomefrogshavecomeupwithaninterestingstrategyformakingthemselvesheard."Wefoundthatit'schangingthepitchofitscall，sogoinghigherup，upthefrequencyspectrum，beinghigherandsqueakier，furtherawayfromthetrafficnoiseandthisincreasesthedistanceoverwhichitcanbeforheard，"Parrissaid.Theoldcallislowerinpitch.Thenewoneishigherinpitch.Now，thatmaysoundlikeaprettysimplesolution.But，changingtheircallstocopewithanoisyenvironmentisactuallyquiteextraordinaryforfrogs.Andwhilethemaleshavefiguredouthowtomakethemselvesheardabovethenoise，Parrissaysitmaynotbewhatthefemalesarelookingfor."Whenfemaleshaveachoicebetweentwomalescalling，theytendtoselecttheonethatcallsatalowerfrequencybecause，infrogs，thefrequencyofacallisrelatedtobodysize.So，thebiggerfrogstendtocalllower，"sheexplained."Andsotheyalsotendtobetheolderfrogs，theguysperhapswithmoreexperience，theyknowwhatthey'redoingandthewomenareattractedtothose."FrogpopulationsinMelbournehavedroppedconsiderablysinceParrisbeganherresearch，butitisnotjustbecauseofnoise.MuchofAustraliahasbeenlockedina10-yeardrought，leavingfrogsfewerandfewerpondstogolookingforthatspecialsomeone.[單選題]1.Parrisisthefirstpersonwhomadestudyfor_______.A.frog'spopulationB.frog'slovelivesC.frog'smatingcallsandlivingenvironmentD.theeffectsofhumannoisesonfrog參考答案：C參考解析：推理判斷題。本文主要講由于人類噪音干擾，青蛙改變叫聲來求偶。全文圍繞“matingcalls”展開，最后一段又指出青蛙數(shù)量下降是由于干旱。噪音和干旱都屬于環(huán)境因素。故C項正確。Australia'sfrogsarehavingtroublefindinglove.Trafficnoiseandothersoundsofcitylife，suchasairconditionersandconstructionnoise，aredrowningoutthematingcallsofmalefrogsinurbanareas，leadingtoasharpdropinfrogpopulations.But，inthefirststudyofitskind，Parris，ascientistattheUniversityofMelbourne，hasfoundthatsomefrogshavefiguredoutawaytocompensateforhumaninterferenceintheirlovelives.Amalesouthernbrowntreefrogsendsoutamatingcallwhenhe'slookingforadate.Itismusictotheearsofafemalesouthernbrowntreefrog.But，addthesoundsofnearbytrafficandthemessagejustisnotgoingout.ParrisspentsevenyearsstudyingfrogsaroundMelbourne.Shesayssomefrogshavecomeupwithaninterestingstrategyformakingthemselvesheard."Wefoundthatit'schangingthepitchofitscall，sogoinghigherup，upthefrequencyspectrum，beinghigherandsqueakier，furtherawayfromthetrafficnoiseandthisincreasesthedistanceoverwhichitcanbeforheard，"Parrissaid.Theoldcallislowerinpitch.Thenewoneishigherinpitch.Now，thatmaysoundlikeaprettysimplesolution.But，changingtheircallstocopewithanoisyenvironmentisactuallyquiteextraordinaryforfrogs.Andwhilethemaleshavefiguredouthowtomakethemselvesheardabovethenoise，Parrissaysitmaynotbewhatthefemalesarelookingfor."Whenfemaleshaveachoicebetweentwomalescalling，theytendtoselecttheonethatcallsatalowerfrequencybecause，infrogs，thefrequencyofacallisrelatedtobodysize.So，thebiggerfrogstendtocalllower，"sheexplained."Andsotheyalsotendtobetheolderfrogs，theguysperhapswithmoreexperience，theyknowwhatthey'redoingandthewomenareattractedtothose."FrogpopulationsinMelbournehavedroppedconsiderablysinceParrisbeganherresearch，butitisnotjustbecauseofnoise.MuchofAustraliahasbeenlockedina10-yeardrought，leavingfrogsfewerandfewerpondstogolookingforthatspecialsomeone.[單選題]2.Whydosomefrogschangethepitchofitscalls？A.Tobedifferentfromothers.B.Toattractafemalefrog.C.Tosendoutmessages.D.Togoagainsttrafficnoises.參考答案：D參考解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“…furtherawayfromthetrafficnoiseandthisincreasesthedistanceoverwhichitcanbeforheard，”可知，青蛙改變音高是為了避免噪音干擾。Australia'sfrogsarehavingtroublefindinglove.Trafficnoiseandothersoundsofcitylife，suchasairconditionersandconstructionnoise，aredrowningoutthematingcallsofmalefrogsinurbanareas，leadingtoasharpdropinfrogpopulations.But，inthefirststudyofitskind，Parris，ascientistattheUniversityofMelbourne，hasfoundthatsomefrogshavefiguredoutawaytocompensateforhumaninterferenceintheirlovelives.Amalesouthernbrowntreefrogsendsoutamatingcallwhenhe'slookingforadate.Itismusictotheearsofafemalesouthernbrowntreefrog.But，addthesoundsofnearbytrafficandthemessagejustisnotgoingout.ParrisspentsevenyearsstudyingfrogsaroundMelbourne.Shesayssomefrogshavecomeupwithaninterestingstrategyformakingthemselvesheard."Wefoundthatit'schangingthepitchofitscall，sogoinghigherup，upthefrequencyspectrum，beinghigherandsqueakier，furtherawayfromthetrafficnoiseandthisincreasesthedistanceoverwhichitcanbeforheard，"Parrissaid.Theoldcallislowerinpitch.Thenewoneishigherinpitch.Now，thatmaysoundlikeaprettysimplesolution.But，changingtheircallstocopewithanoisyenvironmentisactuallyquiteextraordinaryforfrogs.Andwhilethemaleshavefiguredouthowtomakethemselvesheardabovethenoise，Parrissaysitmaynotbewhatthefemalesarelookingfor."Whenfemaleshaveachoicebetweentwomalescalling，theytendtoselecttheonethatcallsatalowerfrequencybecause，infrogs，thefrequencyofacallisrelatedtobodysize.So，thebiggerfrogstendtocalllower，"sheexplained."Andsotheyalsotendtobetheolderfrogs，theguysperhapswithmoreexperience，theyknowwhatthey'redoingandthewomenareattractedtothose."FrogpopulationsinMelbournehavedroppedconsiderablysinceParrisbeganherresearch，butitisnotjustbecauseofnoise.MuchofAustraliahasbeenlockedina10-yeardrought，leavingfrogsfewerandfewerpondstogolookingforthatspecialsomeone.[單選題]3.Femalefrogsmaynotbeattractedbythenewcallbecause_______.A.itisstrangeandunusualB.theyareusedtotheoldcallC.themalefrogsdon'tknowhowtoattractthemD.lowerfrequencyhasspecialphysicalmeaning參考答案：D參考解析：細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Whenfemaleshaveachoicebetweentwomalescalling……so，thebiggerfrogstendtocalllower，”可知體型大的青蛙叫聲更低，更能吸引異性。D項指出低頻率叫聲有著特殊的物理意義，即青蛙的體型差異。所以D項正確。Australia'sfrogsarehavingtroublefindinglove.Trafficnoiseandothersoundsofcitylife，suchasairconditionersandconstructionnoise，aredrowningoutthematingcallsofmalefrogsinurbanareas，leadingtoasharpdropinfrogpopulations.But，inthefirststudyofitskind，Parris，ascientistattheUniversityofMelbourne，hasfoundthatsomefrogshavefiguredoutawaytocompensateforhumaninterferenceintheirlovelives.Amalesouthernbrowntreefrogsendsoutamatingcallwhenhe'slookingforadate.Itismusictotheearsofafemalesouthernbrowntreefrog.But，addthesoundsofnearbytrafficandthemessagejustisnotgoingout.ParrisspentsevenyearsstudyingfrogsaroundMelbourne.Shesayssomefrogshavecomeupwithaninterestingstrategyformakingthemselvesheard."Wefoundthatit'schangingthepitchofitscall，sogoinghigherup，upthefrequencyspectrum，beinghigherandsqueakier，furtherawayfromthetrafficnoiseandthisincreasesthedistanceoverwhichitcanbeforheard，"Parrissaid.Theoldcallislowerinpitch.Thenewoneishigherinpitch.Now，thatmaysoundlikeaprettysimplesolution.But，changingtheircallstocopewithanoisyenvironmentisactuallyquiteextraordinaryforfrogs.Andwhilethemaleshavefiguredouthowtomakethemselvesheardabovethenoise，Parrissaysitmaynotbewhatthefemalesarelookingfor."Whenfemaleshaveachoicebetweentwomalescalling，theytendtoselecttheonethatcallsatalowerfrequencybecause，infrogs，thefrequencyofacallisrelatedtobodysize.So，thebiggerfrogstendtocalllower，"sheexplained."Andsotheyalsotendtobetheolderfrogs，theguysperhapswithmoreexperience，theyknowwhatthey'redoingandthewomenareattractedtothose."FrogpopulationsinMelbournehavedroppedconsiderablysinceParrisbeganherresearch，butitisnotjustbecauseofnoise.MuchofAustraliahasbeenlockedina10-yeardrought，leavingfrogsfewerandfewerpondstogolookingforthatspecialsomeone.[單選題]4.Whatdoestheword"considerably"inthelastparagraphmean？A.immediatelyB.directlyC.carefullyD.much參考答案：D參考解析：詞義推測題。“considerably”位于最后段句首，作為副詞修飾drop。該句意思是自從Parris開始她的研究后，墨爾本的青蛙數(shù)量下降。B項“直接地”，C項“認真地”明顯不符合題意。最后一段最后一句提到，十年干旱期間，池塘的數(shù)量越來越少，由此可知青蛙數(shù)量下降有一個過程，不是突然的，因此A項錯誤。故選D。Australia'sfrogsarehavingtroublefindinglove.Trafficnoiseandothersoundsofcitylife，suchasairconditionersandconstructionnoise，aredrowningoutthematingcallsofmalefrogsinurbanareas，leadingtoasharpdropinfrogpopulations.But，inthefirststudyofitskind，Parris，ascientistattheUniversityofMelbourne，hasfoundthatsomefrogshavefiguredoutawaytocompensateforhumaninterferenceintheirlovelives.Amalesouthernbrowntreefrogsendsoutamatingcallwhenhe'slookingforadate.Itismusictotheearsofafemalesouthernbrowntreefrog.But，addthesoundsofnearbytrafficandthemessagejustisnotgoingout.ParrisspentsevenyearsstudyingfrogsaroundMelbourne.Shesayssomefrogshavecomeupwithaninterestingstrategyformakingthemselvesheard."Wefoundthatit'schangingthepitchofitscall，sogoinghigherup，upthefrequencyspectrum，beinghigherandsqueakier，furtherawayfromthetrafficnoiseandthisincreasesthedistanceoverwhichitcanbeforheard，"Parrissaid.Theoldcallislowerinpitch.Thenewoneishigherinpitch.Now，thatmaysoundlikeaprettysimplesolution.But，changingtheircallstocopewithanoisyenvironmentisactuallyquiteextraordinaryforfrogs.Andwhilethemaleshavefiguredouthowtomakethemselvesheardabovethenoise，Parrissaysitmaynotbewhatthefemalesarelookingfor."Whenfemaleshaveachoicebetweentwomalescalling，theytendtoselecttheonethatcallsatalowerfrequencybecause，infrogs，thefrequencyofacallisrelatedtobodysize.So，thebiggerfrogstendtocalllower，"sheexplained."Andsotheyalsotendtobetheolderfrogs，theguysperhapswithmoreexperience，theyknowwhatthey'redoingandthewomenareattractedtothose."FrogpopulationsinMelbournehavedroppedconsiderablysinceParrisbeganherresearch，butitisnotjustbecauseofnoise.MuchofAustraliahasbeenlockedina10-yeardrought，leavingfrogsfewerandfewerpondstogolookingforthatspecialsomeone.[單選題]5.AccordingtoParris，whatarethereasonsforthedroppingofthefrog'spopulationinMelbourne？A.Airconditionersandconstructionnoise.B.Theurbannoisesandthelackofrainfall.C.Thechangeofthefrequencyofthematingcall.D.Fewerponds.參考答案：B參考解析：細節(jié)理解題。第一段提到“Trafficnoiseandothersoundsofcitylife，suchasairconditionersandconstructionnoise，”可知A項是各種噪音中的兩種，因此A不全面。D項“池塘數(shù)量的減少是由于干旱”不是根本原因。C項“求偶叫聲頻率的改變是青蛙面對噪音干擾的反應(yīng)”，不是其數(shù)量減少的原因。B項正確。Passage2Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents，butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry，mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified，arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately，L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses，homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly，nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives，itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades，studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework，butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework？Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents，thepolicyimposesaflat，across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime，thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents'academicachievement，itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments，notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely，ifhomeworkmatters，itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.Meanwhile，thispolicydoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject，orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard，whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy，looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.[單選題]6.ItisimpliedinParagraph1thatnowadayshomework_______.A.isreceivingmorecriticismB.isnolongeraneducationalritualC.isnotrequiredforadvancedcoursesD.isgainingmorepreferences參考答案：A參考解析：推理判斷題。這里可以看到，選項A和D是意義相反的。A是指目前家庭作業(yè)得到了更過的批評；D是指家庭作業(yè)獲得了更多的好評。我們根據(jù)文章首段首句，家庭作業(yè)從來就不受歡迎，而目前它更是受到了更多的批評。可以很快得出，答案應(yīng)該是A。Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents，butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry，mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified，arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately，L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses，homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly，nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives，itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades，studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceo