2018年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略 專題一 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 題組練習(xí) 6 社會(huì)文化

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精PAGE8學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精PAGE第三節(jié)題組練習(xí)A(2017·第三次全國(guó)大聯(lián)考）AskanyAmericanwhathe/sheisdoingonSunday，F(xiàn)ebruary7andtheanswerislikelytobeeitherhostingorattendingaSuperBowlParty.PlayedforthetitleoftheNationalFootballLeagueChampion，SuperBowlisthemostwatchedannualtelevisionprogramintheUnitedStates.That’sbecauseSuperBowlwhichiscelebratingitsGoldenAnniversarythisyear，ismorethanjusta60-minutefootballgame—itisawell-designedproductionthatfeatureshalf-timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays.Butmostimportantofall，itisthedaytosetasidealldietsandenjoyfoodsonewouldnormallyavoidoratleastnotconsumeatthesametime.Itshould，therefore，comeasnosurprisethatSuperBowlSundayisoneofthebiggestfoodconsumptiondaysintheUS—secondonlytoThanksgiving。Thenoshingwillstartearlyintheday,longbeforematchesbeginandcontinuelongafterthe2016NFLChampionshaveretiredtocelebrate.Asaresult,itisestimatedthatonSunday，thenationwillconsume1.2millionpoundsofpotatochips，8。2millionpoundsoftortillachips,3.8millionpoundsofpopcornand3millionpoundsofnuts.Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods。Notsurprisingly,pizzatopsthelist。Chickenwingsarealsoverypopular.Itisestimatedthatalmost1.3billionwingswillbeconsumedonSuperBowlSunday。Otherfavoritesincludebacon，hotdogsandburgers.Butthefoodconsumptionisnotwithoutconsequences.Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸藥）salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick。ItisnowonderthatfanshavebeenurgingthegovernmenttodeclareSuperBowlMondayaholiday。語(yǔ)篇解讀一年一度的美國(guó)超級(jí)橄欖球杯大賽不僅是全美收視率最高的電視節(jié)目，而且超級(jí)碗星期天也是美國(guó)單日食品消費(fèi)量最高的節(jié)日之一，食品消費(fèi)量?jī)H次于感恩節(jié).1．WhydoesSuperBowlbecomethemostpopulartelevisionprogram?A．Itisthelongestfootballgame。B．Itishostedbyfamousfilmstars.C．Itcontainsthemostwonderfulads.D．Itinvolvesvariousperformances。答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“itisawell—designedproductionthatfeatureshalf—timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays”可知選D.2．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“noshing”inParagraph4?A．Playing. B．Eating。C．Competing. D．Resting.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。前后段均介紹在超級(jí)橄欖球杯大賽期間食品的消費(fèi)情況，由此判斷選B.3．Whichcomfortfoodisconsumedthemost?A．Hotdogs. B．Pizza.C．Nuts。 D．Chickenwings。答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段前兩句“Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods。Notsurprisingly，pizzatopsthelist.”可知選B。4．WhatbadresultmightSuperBowlSundayleadto?A．Lotsoffoodiswasted.B．Publicdisorderiscaused.C．Somepeoplehaveanupsetstomach.D．Manypeoplelosetheirwork.答案C解析推理判斷題.根據(jù)末段中“Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸藥)salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick.”可知人們會(huì)因?yàn)楹翢o(wú)顧忌地大吃大喝而生病。故選C。B（2017·福建師大附中期中）Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday—to—dayessential，itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping，whereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturn，nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailers(零售商）,likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted。Andthisismoreandmoretrue，thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edge（前沿的)retailstores,VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,forinstance，youdon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay。ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa。Acrosssociety，theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy。MaybeI’mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus。Isn’titabitweird(怪異）thatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink(眨眼)ofaneye？Doesn’tawallet—thattime—honoredFriday—nightfeelingofpleasing,promisingfatness-representsomethingthatmatters？ButI'llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts。Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet，thewaythematerialswearandtearandloosenwithage，theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets，istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad。Theroundededges，coolglass，smoothandunknowableasapebble（鵝卵石)．Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaper，wemoveourfingersleftandright。Nomorecountingoutcoins。Showyourwallet，ifyoustillhaveone。Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章敘述了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，人們的支付方式逐步電子化，傳統(tǒng)的錢包正走向消失。作者對(duì)于這種現(xiàn)象所代表的社會(huì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)感到不安。5．Whatishappeningtothewallet？A．Itisdisappearing.B．Itisbecomingcostly。C．Itisbeingfattened.D．Itischanginginstyle.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章首句“Thewalletisheadingforextinction?！笨芍X包正在消失。故選A。6．Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays？A．Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B．ThepleasingFriday—nightfeelingisfading.C．Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy。D．Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段前四句可知,金錢概念的抽象化使作者不安，掙錢不容易但在瞬間就會(huì)花掉很多錢。故選C。7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor？A．Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B．Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.C．Hewantstosaygoodbyetothetraditionalwallet.D．Hefeelsinsecureintheever—changingmodernworld。答案D解析推理判斷題。本文主要敘述了傳統(tǒng)的錢包在消失，人們的支付方式在發(fā)生巨大的變化，作者對(duì)于不斷改變的社會(huì)感到不安。故選D項(xiàng)。C(2017·貴州遵義航天高級(jí)中學(xué)五模）EveryyearinAmerica,high—schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone’smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage。Traditionally，theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingcomprehension。ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion,tobeansweredinanessay，hand-writtenonthespot。That’saninterestingwaytotestwritingability,butcontentaside，haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately?Oranyone’sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards?Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.Theyscribbleclassnotesinwhatcangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.Yettoday’skidsareaskedtowrite，thoughtfullyandclearly，forseveralminutesonthisSATTest。Goodlucktothetextscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythescrawl（潦草的字跡）ofyoungpeoplewho’vebeentypingoncomputerssincetheageofthree！Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso，lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers。Anddon’tforget，weallhavetoturntohandwritingfromtimetotime,ascomputersgodownwhenpowergoesout.Thenhowtoimprovethehandwriting？Well，withafewsimplestepsyoucanimproveyourhandwriting.Positionthepen。Youshouldholdthepenbetweentheforefingerandthethumb，thenrestitnearthefirstknuckle（指節(jié)）ofthemiddlefinger.Therestofyourfingersshouldbecurled(卷曲)underyourhandandyourhandshouldremainrelaxed。Evaluateyourwriting。Makechangestoyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook。Takeyourtime.Speedisboundtomakeyourwritingmessy-looking。Practice.Practiceitalot；it'snotenoughtodoitonceandhopeforthebest。Ithastobesomethingyouworkattomakegreatimprovements。語(yǔ)篇解讀文章由SAT考試增加書面表達(dá)，引入話題-—當(dāng)前學(xué)生不注重書寫.此項(xiàng)改革旨在讓學(xué)生改掉書寫潦草的壞習(xí)慣。

8．Theunderlinedword“scribble”inParagraph2probablymeans“"．A．writequicklyandroughlyB．typesimplyandcorrectlyC．paintclearlyandneatlyD．describeproperlyandwell答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。由“.。.haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately？Oranyone'sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards？Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks?！笨赏浦獙W(xué)生在課堂上記筆記非常潦草。故選A.9．AccordingtoParagraph3，studentswithgoodhandwritingskill。A．canpasstheSATB．candevelopgoodcharactersC．canimpresstheirclassmatesD．cangetmorejobopportunities答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由該段第三句“Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso,lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers?！笨芍xD。10．Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoidwhenimprovingyourhandwriting？A．Practicingwritingalot.B．Writingasfastasyoucan.C．Relaxingyourhandwhenholdingthepen。D．Changingyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后四段的內(nèi)容可知B項(xiàng)是書寫時(shí)應(yīng)該避免的。故選B。11．Thetextistopresentthefactthat。A．writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSATB．thosewhowillgotocollegehavetotaketheSATC．studentsshouldpracticehandwritingmoreoftenD．kidsdon’tknowhowtowriteinthecomputerage答案C解析推理判斷題。文章由SAT考試增加書面表達(dá)，引入話題——當(dāng)前學(xué)生不注重書寫。此項(xiàng)改革旨在讓學(xué)生改掉書寫潦草的壞習(xí)慣。故選C.D（2017·貴州遵義航天高級(jí)中學(xué)四模)Fightingracialstereotypes（模式化）onUScampusesoftenbeginsbyputtingstudentsofdifferentethnicbackgroundstogether—underonedormitoryroof.SamBoakyewasafreshmanatOhioStateUniversityandtheonlyblackstudentonhisfloor.Hewasdeterminedtogetgoodgrades—inparttomakesurehiswhiteroommatehadnobasisfornegativeracialviews.“You'repushedtodobetter，tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart，”hetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthathavingaroommateofadifferentracecanreduceprejudice（偏見）,diversify(使多樣化)friendshipsandevenpromotestudents’academicperformance.InastudybyOhioStatepsychologyprofessorRussellFazio,blackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhightestscoresearnedbettergradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate’stestscoreswerelow。AnotherstudyonstudentinteractionbyDukeUniversitysuggeststhatfreshmenwithroommatesofadifferentracewerethemostlikelytodiversifytheirfriendships?！癑usthavingdiversityinclassroomsdoesn’tdoanythingtoincreaseinterracialfriendships，"saidClaudiaBuchman，anauthoroftheDukestudy。“Butlivingtogetherwithadifferent—raceroommatedoesleadtomoreinterracialfriendships.”Thereare,however，someproblemswithsuchroomassignments.Fazio’sstudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomly(隨機(jī)地)assignedinterracialroommatesweren’tlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester，comparedwithwhiteroommates.Interracialroommatesalsospentlesstimetogether，hadfewerjointactivitiesandwerelessinvolvedwitheachother’sfriendsthanwhitepairs。AsforBoakye,thisisnotthecase?！癆lotofwhitestudentscomewithoutmuchexposure(暴露)todiversity,sowhentheirfirstinteractionwithablackguyisn’tbad，theywillmakemoreblackfriends.IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate。Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave.'Thatfeltgood?！闭Z(yǔ)篇解讀美國(guó)大學(xué)校園為了抵制種族模式化，專門把不同種族文化背景的人放在同一個(gè)寢室里，這樣做經(jīng)過(guò)研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)利大于弊。12．HavingaroommateofadifferentracecanhavethefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT。A．makingmorefriendsB．reducingprejudiceC．earningbettergradesD．improvingphysicalhealth答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段的描述可知A、B、C三項(xiàng)都有提及，唯一沒(méi)提到的是D項(xiàng)。故選D.13．SamBoakyewasdeterminedtogetgoodgradespartlybecause.A．hewantedtoprovehewasasmartboyB．heintendedtopleasehisparentsC．hewishedtoearnthescholarshipD．hewantedtoshowblackpeopleareassmartaswhitepeople答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“‘You’repushedtodobetter,tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart,’hetoldtheNewYorkTimes?！笨芍窍胱C明他跟白人一樣聰明。故選D.14．WecanconcludethatBoakye。A．gotalongwellwithhiswhiteroommateB．sharedfewerjointactivitieswithhiswhiteroommateC．hadanegativeattitudetowardshiswhiteroommateD．isstilllivingtogetherwithhisfreshmanwhiteroommate答案A解析推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段中的“IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate.Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave。'Thatfeltgood.”可知，他跟室友相處得很好。故選A。15．The4thparagraphismainlyabout。A．theinterracialfriendshipB．someproblemswithhavinganinterracialroommateC．somecommentsontheinterracialroommatesD．theinteractionbetweentheblackstudentandthewhitestudent答案B解析段落大意題。該段主要是講不同種族文化的學(xué)生在一個(gè)寢室產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。故選B.Ⅰ.單詞梳理1．HespeaksEnglishasthoughhewereanAmerican(America)．2．Industryandagriculturearethetwoimportantsectorsofthenational（nation)economy.3．Thehotelhadagrandcelebration（celebrate）foritsopening。4．Proposaliseasierthanperformance(perform)．5．Thepatientbegantobreathenormally(normal）．6．Shegavethelidafewtapstoloosen(loose）it.7．I’veaskedhimtoshorten(short）mytrousers.8．Shehasth