耳的解剖生理

OtologyAppliedAnatomy&PhysiologyTheearconsistsofthreeparts:external、middle、internal外耳中耳內耳temporalboneLocatedatthetwosidesofthecranialbone

PartofthelateralwallandbottomofcranialboneItconsistsapartof：middlecranialfossa,Posteriorcranialfossa.Anatomyoftemporalbone

Consistsoffiveparts：squamousportion

、tympanicportion

、mastoidportion

、petrousportion

、styloidprocess

1.externalear→containstwoparts:auricleandtheexternalauditorymeatus

auricle：HelixTriangularfossaAntihelixConchaTragusAntitragusLobuleFeaturesoftheskin:

.painful.exudation.disfiguration.easytobefroozingAuralpseudocyst

Congenitalpreauricularfistula

externalear

externalauditorymeatusLong2.5～3.5cm

Cartilagiousportion(outer1/3)

Bonyportion(inner2/3)“S”

pullingthepinnaupwards、backwardsandoutwards2.middleear

Containsfourparts：

tympaniccavitythepharyngotympanictubethetympanicantrumthemastoidprocess

middleear

1.tympaniccavity

ItisacavityfullofgasandlocatesbetweenthetympanicmembraneandtheexternalwalloftheinnerearThreepartsandsixwalls

middleear

1.tympaniccavity

Threeparts:MesotympanumEpitympanumHypotympanum.middleear1.tympaniccavity

SixwallsofthetympaniccavityThelateralwall:tympanicmembrane

、externalwalloftheatticThemedialwall：thelateralwalloftheinnerearTheanteriorwall：Theposteriorwall：Thesuperiorwall：Theinferiorwall：middleear1.tympaniccavity

Thelateralwalltympanicmembrane9mmlong8mmalong

thinkness0.1mm

threelayers:outerskin,middlefibre,innermembrane

45°

tympanicmembranestapes鼓索malleusincusFacialnerve咽鼓管鼓竇入口鼓竇乳突氣房middleear1.tympaniccavity

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)VestibularwindowCochlearwindowProminenceoffacialcanalLateralsemicircularcanal外半規(guī)管凸vestibularwindow3.2mm2鼓岬promontory蝸窗cochlearwindow2mm2面神經管垂直段

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)面神經管凸

(水平段)cochleariformprocessmiddleear1.tympaniccavity

Theposteriorwallupperpart-aditus,

theprominenceoflateralsemicircularcanal.Infero-mediapart-Pyramidaleminencebottompart-theperpendicularpartofthefacialnerve

頸內動脈管

internalcarotidarterycanal

Theanteriorwall咽鼓管鼓口

ostiumtympanicumtubaeauditivae鼓膜張肌半管口semicanalisorificetensoristympani頸內動脈管鼓竇蓋鼓室蓋Theinferiorwall:carotidcanal,jugularbulb

Thesuperiorwall:

tegmentympani鼓索神經鐙骨肌頸靜脈球內耳middleear1.tympaniccavityTympaniccontents

Auditoryossicles：malleus、incus、stapesmuscles：ThetensortympanimuscleThestapediusmusclenerves：

錘骨malleus鐙骨stapes砧骨incus聽骨鏈ossiculachain

middleear

1.tympaniccavity

middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

35㎜longBonypart(lateral1/3)：openCartilaginouspart(inner2/3)closeisthmus：CommunicationbetweenthetympaniccavityandthenasopharynxInchildren：shorter,wider,morehorizontal,straight。middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

鼓竇鼓竇入口aditusofantrum乳突氣房上鼓室鼓竇蓋3.Tympanicantrum:

氣化型板障型硬化型Fourtypes:

PneumatictypeDiploetictypeSclerotictype4.Mastoidprocess:Facialnerve乳突氣房Tympanicmembrance錘骨柄Pneumatictypejugularbulb3.Innerear(labyrinth)InthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneContainsimportantperceivingequipmentspfthehearingandposition

Innerear(labyrinth)

AccordingtoanatomyandfunctionsemicircularcanalsvestibulecochleaAccordingtohistologyMembranouslabyrinthOsseouslabyrinthInnerear(labyrinth)

OsseouslabyrinthInnerear(labyrinth)

MembranouslabyrinthEndolymphsystemMembranousductsandmembranoussacesInnerear(labyrinth)

VestibuleAntero-inferiorwall：ovoidopening–scalavestibuliofthecochleaPostero-superiorwall：fiveopenings-osseoussemicircularcanalsLateralwall：ovalwindow,portalabyrinthi。Innerear(labyrinth)

semicircularcanalslateral（horizontal）anterior（vertical）posterior（vertical）Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea：Shapedliketheshellofasnail5mminheightWinds2.5～2.75turnsroundthecentralmodiolus

Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

innerstructure(threecompartments）Scalavestibuli(perilymph)Scalatympani(perilymph)Scalamedia(endolymph)Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

themembranouscochlearduct(organofcorti)OrganofCORTICochlearnerveVestibularnerve聽覺皮層耳蝸核丘腦斜方體acousticnerveanditsconductiblepassage

Physiologyoftheear

hearing、balanceairconduction、boneconductionPhysiologyoftheear

OutlineExternalear：collectthesoundwavesMiddleearDrumandossicularchain：increasethesoundintensitylevelEustachiantube：keepthebalancebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleearInnerear：cochlea：conductingsound、perceivingsoundvestibule：balancecollectthesoundwavesIncreasethesoundpressureby10-12dB

whentheresonantfrequencyofexternalmeatusisabout3800HzProtectthedeepstructureoftheearfromdamaging.Physiologyoftheear

ExternalearDrumandtheossicularchain：increasethesoundpressureEustachiantube:

keepthebalanceofpressurebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleear

drainage

sounddeadening

againstthereversedinfectionPhysiologyoftheear