2015大學(xué)英語(yǔ)Ⅲ復(fù)習(xí)材料

1.Mostcitiesinthecountryhaveintroduced"CleanAirZones"(whereby)factoriesandhouseholdsareonlyallowedtoburnsmokelessfuel.2.Heknowsthatthe(pursuit)ofsocialstatuscanconsumevastamountsofhistimeandeffort.3.Thedoctorsareatalossbecausesofarnomedicinehasbeenfoundto(inhibit)thespreadofthedisease.4.Weseemanyspecialeducationdirectorstryingto(maintain)thequalityoftheirprogramswithmuchlessmoneyandmuchsmallerstaff.5.Peopletherearetolditistheir(patriotic)dutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingtheirownproducts.6.Darwin'sthinkingbothdrewuponand(transcended)theconventionalideasofhistime.7.Inspiteofallyour(endeavors),theremaybetimeswhenyouencounterdifficultiesinthetrainingprocess.8.MyadvicetoMr.Stewartistothinkcarefullybeforeenteringintoacareerinmedicine,asthisisafieldwhichrequiresalotof(dedication)andlongworkinghours.9.MostChineseparentswouldprefertochoosesomeprofessionsthatarestableandcouldbring(prestige)andeconomicbenefits.10.Itislegallypossibleforanelderlypersonto(nominate)someonetoactforthem,shouldtheybecomeincapableoflookingafterthemselves.1.WhenFrancisgotbackafterEaster,hewasfarbehindhisclassmatesandhewas(removedfrom)thesecondintothethirdclassathisowndesire.2.Thepresidentacknowledgedthathehadsomehow(failedin)hisabilitytocommunicatetotheAmericanpeople.3.Unfortunately,ashistoryhasshown,someofthecompaniesareguiltyofmisconduct(inthepursuitof)profit.4.Theship(deviatedfrom)theagreedvoyageandarrivedabout10dayslateandinthemeantimethepriceofsugarhadfallenandthemerchantslostover￡4,000.5.Becausethetranscriptisstillunderseal,thelaw(1)(precludes)them(2)(from)readinganddiscussingtheevidenceindetail.6.Incarryingouttheplanwearelikelytocomeacrossdifficulties,butwearedeterminedto(triumphover)themall.7.Withoutincreasinginvestmentineducation,itwillbeincreasinglydifficultforlow-incomepeopleto(worktheirwayinto)themiddleclass.8.AllthepassengersintheplanethatcrashedinthemiddleoftheAndesMountainsaweekagowere(writtenoff)asdead.1.Kidsaremorelikelyto(intervene)inasituationiftheybelievetheirparentsexpectthemtohelp.2.ThefirstlessonIlearnedasanewcomerforthecompanywasneverto(underestimate)thedegreeofdifficultyIwouldfaceincareeradvancement.3.JustasIstartedtothinkthatIwasnevergoingtogetwell,theillnessbeganto(recede).4.Whateverthedecisionis,IwouldlikeyoutoknowthatyourdepartmentismyfirstchoiceandI(deem)itagreathonorifIcouldstudyinyourdepartment.5.Duringoneparticularly(bleak)momentinmycareer,aseniorcolleagueofminesaidtome,"Ifyoufollowyourdreams,themoneywillcome.Followthemoney,andyou'llloseyourdreams."6.Unlesswecanfindawayto(appraise)natureandtheninvestinprotectingit,ourbasiclife-supportsystemsaregoingtocollapse.7.Theblizzard(暴風(fēng)雪)movedsouth,turningintoanicyrainthat(paralyzed)theairportsforthreedays.8.Inthisintroductionwehavediagnosedsomeofthecausesoftheillnessand,inthefollowingchapters,wewilldrawattentiontoitsvariousunpleasant(symptoms).9.Inthosedays,divorceunderanycircumstanceswassociallyunacceptableandtherewasgreat(dismay)inthefamilywhowentthroughit.10.Everytimeshetalkedaboutbeingrejectedinherhuntforajob,sheseemedonthe(brink)oftears,andIwouldquicklyswitchtheconversationtoanothertopic.1.Whenthebus(pulledtoastop)andIgotoff,IwasrelievedbecauseIhadfinishedschoolandIhadtheweekendaheadofmetoenjoymyself.2.Whenmycarcrashedintothebigtree,IcouldfeeltheblooddrainingfrommyfaceandIwonderedwhetherIwasaboutto(blackout).3.Allkindsofquestionsconcerningthesoaringhousingpricebeginto(popup)oncabletelevisionandtheblogosphere(博客圈).4.Thesoldiers'rapidmarchwas(stoppedshort)bythegeneral'scommand;theywereuncertainwhethertogobackorforward.5.Acarcrashedintothesideofahouseafterthedriverlostcontroland(plowedthrough)ahedge(樹籬).6.Charlesreappeared,afterhalfanhour'sabsence,and(threwhimselfinto)anarmchair,wherehelaybackforsometimewithhiseyesshut.7.Youmaybeoutofworkbutthatisnoreasonto(letyourselfgo)bynotwashing,brushingyourhairandwearingcleanclothes.8.Asherdoorbegantoopen,she(grabbedfor)thetelephone,andthendroppedthereceiverasLukewalkedin.1.Asanumberofauthorspointout,theurgetomigrateisa(n)(integral)partofhumannature.2.Childrenshouldbeallowedto(cherish)thosefewyearsofinnocencebeforetheyhavetolearnthetruthabouttherealworld.3.Hehasbeen(afflicted)byahorribledisease,fromwhichoneofhisbestfriendsdiedtwoweeksago.4.Theresultsofthesurveyare(noteworthy)andusefuldespitebeingfromasmallsample.5.Thedirectorsaidthattheyneededayoungactresswhocould(portray)someonewhowasbothunbalancedandconfidentatthesametime.6.Praisemustbeusedwiselyto(compliment)studentswhoperformuptoexpectationsandtoencouragestudentstoperformtomaximumlevels.7.Inthe(domain)ofresearch,itisanacceptedfactthatscientificpublicationshavetobewrittenortranslatedintoEnglishtogetpublished,acknowledged,andcited.8.Hereceiveda(n)(anonymous)callthreateningtodisclosedetailsofhisaffairifhedidn'tpaythemoney.9.ThemoviepresentsLincolnasastrong-willed,(conscientious)manwholedtheUSthroughamoral,constitutionalandpoliticalcrisis.10.Itisunderstandablethatthehealthandwelfareoftheirfamilyisa(n)(perpetual)concernforthisyoungcouple.1.Clearly,mostofthestudentstherearefull-timeworkerswhowouldnototherwisehavebeenableto(embarkon)sustainedfurtherstudy.2.Thecourtruledthatthisman(bedeprivedof)hispoliticalrightsforafurtherfouryearsafterhehasservedhis13-yearsentence.3.Iwouldlovetohavekids.Iwould(turndown)anOscartoseemyboyatabaseballgameormygirlatasongrecital.4.RichardwasfinallyreleasedonFebruary4,oneyearandsixweeksafterhe'dbeen(takencaptive).5.ShehopedVincentwouldunderstandthatwhichhashelpedthemtoaccomplishmajor(9)(feats).Therefore,wecanseethatthemainthingwhichoneneedsisastrongwill.Weak-willedpeopleneverclimbtothetop.Theycollapseatthe(10)(slightest)useofforceagainstthem.Strong-willedpeople,ontheotherhand,willstandupagainstalloddsandwillmakeitapointtosucceed.Socialanxietysymptomsoftenbeginduringadolescence.It'sadevelopmentalprocessthatis(1)(characterized)byprofoundpsychologicalchanges,especiallyintermsofhowwerelatetoothers.Oneofthemostfrustrating(2)(aspects)oftheadolescentyearsisthetendencyforself-focusandadecreaseinthe(3)(amount)offocuswehaveforthefeelingsandneedsofothers.Whilethesechangesarefairlyuniversal,thoseofuswhowerebornwithashytemperament(性格)cancarrytheadolescentfears,whichmaynever(4)(recede),intoadulthood.Ananxioustemperamentcausesourbrainstoreactforciblywhen(5)(exposed)tothestressofsuddenawarenessofourpeersandgraduallywebecomemoreandmorevulnerable.Ourbrainslabelthefearofexposureorembarrassmentashighlydangerous.Thismayresultina(n)(6)(vicious)circleformanyyears:excessiveself-consciousnessandinhibitionwhenyoufeelyouarebeingobserved.Tocopewiththeproblem,Iwouldliketo(7)(challenge)youtostriveforincreasedfocusonotherpeople,inplaceofyour(8)(excessive)focusonyourself.Yes,Iknow,thisiseasiersaidthandone.Thefearmaycauseyoutofeelthatyouwilllosecontrolormakeafoolofyourselfwhenyouareinthespotlight(聚光燈).Butifyoubegintobuildanewresponse,in(9)(reaction)toyourfears,youwillgraduallybuildupastrongerandmorepositiveresponse.Remember,don'tletself-consciousness(10)(paralyze)you!Becourageous!Unit3AudreyHepburnwasabeautifulactressandmodel,whobecameoneofthemostsuccessfulandwell-knownactressesinthefilm(1)(domain).Shewasafashioniconandrolemodelforwomenallovertheworld,helpingto(2)(define)aparticulartypeoffresh,vulnerable,elfin(小精靈似的)beauty.Today's(3)(popularity)oftheslimfashionmodelisduetoAudreyHepburn'sinfluence.Althoughsheappearedfrail(脆弱的),shewas(4)(mentally)strong.Attheendofheractingcareerwhensheentereda(n)(5)(diplomatic)careerasaGoodwillAmbassadorforUNICEF,shewassosolidly(6)(committed)tohercausethatshewasheldinhighestesteem(尊重)byeventhemosthardenedpoliticians.AudreyoriginallystartedworkingforUNICEFin1954,doingradiopresentations.Shealwayssaiditwashappyto(7)(devote)herlifetohelpingimpoverished(窮困的)childrenafterherowngoodfortunein(8)(surviving)thehardshipoftheNazioccupationofHolland.Shebeganherpermanentambassadorshipin1988and(9)(embarked)ontripstomanycountries.Shewasalwayspositive:"Peopleintheseplacesdon'tknowAudreyHepburn,buttheyrecognizethenameUNICEF.WhentheyseeUNICEFtheirfaceslightup,becausetheyknowthatsomethingishappening."In1992,her(10)(humanitarian)workwiththoseinneedwasrecognizedwhenshewasawardedtheJeanHersholtHumanitarianAwardbytheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesforhercontributiontohumanity.Unit4"Whywouldyouleavebehindyourcomfortablebed,yourhome,yourfamilyandfriends?Whydoyouwanttogoalone?"Whenyouarelivingoutofabackpackforaperiodoftime,youmayoftengetquestionedwhy.Iseldomgettimetositdownand(1)(contemplate)thereasonItravel,butIbelievethatyouonlybegintotrulyliveonceyoustepoutsideofyour(2)(comfort)zone.Myfirstoverseastripwasat14yearsold,which(3)(sparked)mycuriosityfortheworld.SincefinishinghighschoolIhave(4)(ventured)throughvariouscountriesandbeenamazedbyallthe(5)(diverse)culturesscatteredaroundtheglobe.Myeyesaremygreatestassetastheyhave(6)(witnessed)themostbeautifulscenesthatreplayinmymindeveryday:(7)(stunning)landscapes,friendlylocals,breath-takingarchitecture,andfoodthatmakesyourmouthwateronceyoureyescatcha(n)(8)(glimpse).Travelingteachesyoutobeindependentinthemost(9)(positive)way.Iknowhowtodependonmyself,gooutandmeetpeople,andnotletanyoneelse'sexpectations(10)(dictate)mylife.EverydayIseemydreamandeverydayit'sinanewplace.Iam22yearsyoung.IquiteagreewithAnthonyBourdain,"Ifyou're22,physicallyfit,hungrytolearnandbebetter,Iurgeyoutotravel.Findouthowotherpeopleliveandeatandcook.Learnfromthem,whereveryougo."Unit5InastudyconductedintheUK,itwasfoundthatonlyfouroutofeveryfive(1)(employees)werehappyatwork.Surprisingly,contrarytopopular(2)(notion),friendly,supportivecolleaguesandagoodmanager,insteadofthesalaryortheloveforthework,havebeenfoundtobethe(3)(primary)causesofhappinessatwork.So,howdoyoukeepyourspiritsupand,atthesametime,(4)(foster)asenseofjoyonthejob?Hereisoneofthetipstohelpyouonyourwaytofindinghappinessandcompletejobsatisfactionintheworkplace.Startwithapositiveoutlook.Happinessisastateofmind;it(5)(reflects)anattitude,thoughnotmanypeoplerealizeit.Stayinghappyatworkistotallybasedonyour(6)(motivations)andonapositiveoutlooktowardyourjob,noton(7)(monetary)rewardsormaterialgain.Dwellingon(老是想著)thegood(8)(aspects)oftheworkratherthanrattlingonandon(對(duì)...喋喋不休)aboutwhatmakesyouunhappyisthebasickeytohappiness.Negativityand(9)(gossiping)aboutbadthingsmaybeeasy,butitislookingatthebrightsidethatmakesforthechallengingpartofajob.AsFrancescaReiglerputsit,"Happinessisanattitude.Weeithermakeourselves(10)(miserable),orhappyandstrong.Theamountofworkisthesame."閱讀理解Unit1–Unit5TextB其中一篇翻譯Unit1英譯漢Globalcitizenissomeonewhoidentifieswithbeingpartofanemergingworldcommunityandwhoseactionscontributetobuildingthiscommunity'svaluesandpractices.世界公民是指一個(gè)人承認(rèn)自己是新興的全球社區(qū)的一分子，而且其行動(dòng)對(duì)全球社區(qū)的價(jià)值打造和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)有所貢獻(xiàn)。Globalcitizenshipbelievesthathumankindisessentiallyoneandeachindividualhasthepowertochangethings.世界公民相信人類從本質(zhì)上來說是一個(gè)整體，每個(gè)人都有改變事物的能力。Inourinterdependentworld,globalcitizenshipencouragesustorecognizeourresponsibilitiestowardeachotherandlearnfromeachother.在我們這樣一個(gè)相互依賴的世界中，世界公民意識(shí)鼓勵(lì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)到對(duì)彼此的責(zé)任，并從對(duì)方身上學(xué)習(xí)。Globalcitizenscareabouteducation,disease,poverty,andenvironmentalissuesaroundtheworld.世界公民關(guān)心全球的教育、疾病、貧窮和環(huán)境問題。Today,theforcesofglobalengagementarehelpingsomepeopleidentifythemselvesasglobalcitizenswhohaveasenseofbelongingtoaworldcommunity.在當(dāng)今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌發(fā)世界公民的意識(shí)，讓他們擁有對(duì)全球社區(qū)的歸屬感。Thisgrowingglobalidentityinlargepartismadepossiblebytheforcesofmoderninformation,communicationsandtransportationtechnologies.這種不斷發(fā)展的世界公民意識(shí)在很大程度上來講，要?dú)w功于現(xiàn)代信息、通信和交通技術(shù)的力量。Globalcitizenshipaimstoempowerpeopletoleadtheirownaction.世界公民意識(shí)致力于給予人們力量，讓他們付諸行動(dòng)。Alongwiththeknowledgeandvaluesthattheyhavegainedfromlearningaboutglobalissues,peopleneedtobeequippedwiththenecessaryskillstogivethemselvestheabilityandconfidencetobepro-activeinmakingapositivedifferenceintheworld.世界公民除了要從世界問題中學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)和價(jià)值觀，還要擁有必需的技能，使他們擁有能力和自信，積極推動(dòng)世界的發(fā)展。漢譯英如今，很多年輕人不再選擇"穩(wěn)定"的工作，他們更愿意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，依靠自己的智慧和奮斗去實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值。Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplenolongerchoose“stable”jobs.Instead,theyprefertostarttheirownbusinessesandrealizetheirself-valuethroughtheirownwisdomandefforts.青年創(chuàng)業(yè)（youngentrepreneurship）是未來國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)活力的來源，創(chuàng)業(yè)者的成功不但會(huì)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富、增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、改善大家的生活，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，對(duì)于國(guó)家更是一件好事，創(chuàng)業(yè)者正是讓中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)升級(jí)換代的力量。Youngentrepreneurshipisthesourceofnationaleconomicvitalityinthefuture.Thesuccessofentrepreneursnotonlycreatesfortune,increasesjobopportunities,improvespeople’slife,butitisalsogoodforthecountryinthelongterm.EntrepreneursareadrivingforceinupgradingChina’seconomy.尤其是在當(dāng)前，國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，在政策上給予中小企業(yè)支持，這更加激發(fā)了年輕人的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情。Especiallyforthetimebeing,ourcountryisencouragingpeopletostarttheirownbusinessesandmakeinnovationsandgivingpolicysupportformediumandsmallbusinesses.Thisfurtherarousesyoungpeople'senthusiasmtostarttheirownbusinesses.Unit2英譯漢TheAmericanDreamisanationalethos(精神特質(zhì))oftheUnitedStates.美國(guó)夢(mèng)是美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的民族精神。Thetermisusedinmanyways,butitessentiallyisanideathatsuggeststhatanyoneintheUScansucceedthroughhardworkandhasthepotentialtoleadahappy,successfullife.該詞有各種各樣的用法，但其根本含義是，在美國(guó)任何人都可以通過努力獲得成功，都有可能過上幸福而成功的生活。Manypeoplehaveexpandeduponorrefinedthedefinitiontoincludethingssuchasfreedom,fulfillmentandmeaningfulrelationships.許多人對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)的概念加以拓展和提煉，涵蓋了像自由、自我實(shí)現(xiàn)和深厚的人際關(guān)系等方面的內(nèi)容。TheideaofanAmericanDreamisolderthantheUS,datingbacktothe1600s,whenpeoplebegantohaveallsortsofhopesandaspirationsforwhatwasanewandlargelyunexploredcontinenttoEuropeanimmigrants.美國(guó)夢(mèng)的思想比美國(guó)本身更為久遠(yuǎn)，可以追溯到17世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時(shí)的歐洲移民面對(duì)這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)的、未經(jīng)開發(fā)的廣袤大陸，開始紛紛懷揣希望，追逐夢(mèng)想。AndthemeaningoftheDreamhaschangedoverthecourseofhistory,includingbothpersonalcomponentsandaglobalvision.隨著歷史的發(fā)展，美國(guó)夢(mèng)的含義也已改變，既包含了個(gè)人元素，也包含了全局視野。ButnoteverybodythinkstheAmericanDreamisapositivething.但并不是每個(gè)人都對(duì)美國(guó)夢(mèng)持肯定態(tài)度。SomepeoplebelievethatthestructureofsocietyintheUSpreventssuchanidealisticgoalforeveryone.一些人認(rèn)為美國(guó)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)決定了不是每個(gè)人都能擁有這樣的理想目標(biāo)。Criticsoftenpointtoexamplesofinequalityrootedinclass,race,religionandethnicitythatsuggestthattheAmericanDreamisnotattainableforeveryone.批評(píng)者常常舉以實(shí)例，揭露植根于階級(jí)、種族、宗教和民族的不平等現(xiàn)象，指出美國(guó)夢(mèng)并非每個(gè)人都可企及。漢譯英實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興（rejuvenation）是近代以來中國(guó)人民最偉大的夢(mèng)想，我們稱之為“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”，其基本內(nèi)涵是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。中國(guó)夢(mèng)，是讓每一個(gè)積極進(jìn)取的中國(guó)人形成世世代代的信念：只要經(jīng)過不懈的奮斗便能獲得更好的生活。Realizingthegreatnationalrejuvenation,whichwedefineastheChineseDream,hasbeenthegreatestChineseexpectationsincemoderntimes.Itbasicallymeansachievingprosperityforthecountry,renewalofthenationandhappinessforthepeople,thusensuringthateveryenterprisingChinesecarries,generationaftergeneration,thefirmconvictionthatabetterlifeisaccomplishedthroughpersistenteffort.人們必須通過自己的勤奮、勇氣、創(chuàng)意和決心邁向繁榮，而不是依賴于社會(huì)和他人的援助。Peopleshouldachievetheirprosperitythroughdiligence,courage,creativityanddeterminationinsteadofaidfromsocietyorotherpeople.每個(gè)中國(guó)人都是中國(guó)夢(mèng)的參與者和創(chuàng)造者。中國(guó)夢(mèng)是民族的夢(mèng)，也是每個(gè)中國(guó)人的夢(mèng)。EachindividualisaparticipantandadesignerinthecauseofrealizingtheChineseDream,foritisadreamnotonlyfortheentirenationbutalsoforeveryChinese.Unit3英譯漢LeonardodaVinci,oneofthegreatestmindsoftheItalianRenaissance,isperhapsthemostdiverselytalentedpersonevertohavelived.萊奧納多?達(dá)?芬奇是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期最偉大的思想家之一，也許也是迄今最多才多藝的人。Apainter,sculptor,architect,mathematician,engineer,andinventor,heisfamousforawiderangeofaccomplishments.他是畫家、雕刻家、建筑家、數(shù)學(xué)家、工程師和發(fā)明家，因成就廣泛而聞名。Hisnaturalgenius,whichcrossedmultipledisciplines,wonhimthetitleof"RenaissanceMaster".他的天賦跨越多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，為其贏得了“文藝復(fù)興大師”的稱號(hào)。Leonardoisrenownedprimarilyasapainter.萊奧納多主要作為畫家而著名。Amonghisworks,theMonaLisaisthebestknownandTheLastSupperthemostreproducedreligiouspaintingofalltime.在其所有作品中，《蒙娜·麗莎》最為有名，而《最后的晚餐》則是歷來復(fù)制最多的宗教畫作。WhatmakeLeonardo'sdrawingsuniquearemainlyhisinnovativetechniquesandacutescientificmind.萊奧納多作品的獨(dú)特之處主要在于其創(chuàng)新性的技巧和敏銳的科學(xué)思維。Perhapsonly15ofhispaintingshavesurvived,partlybecausehisconstantexperimentationwithnewtechniquesmadehistotaloutputquitesmall.他的畫作大約只有15幅流傳了下來，其部分原因是他不斷試驗(yàn)新的技巧，所以作品總量很小。Althoughnotaprolific(多產(chǎn)的)painter,Leonardowasamostproductivedraftsman,keepingjournalsfullofsketches,drawings,anddiagrams.萊奧納多雖然不是多產(chǎn)畫家，卻是一位最高產(chǎn)的繪圖家，他在日記中畫滿了各種草圖、圖畫和圖表。Thesenotebooks,oftenreferredtoasdaVinci'smanuscripts,recordedhisinventions,observations,andtheoriesabouteverythingthatcapturedhisattention.這些筆記通常被稱為達(dá)?芬奇手稿，記錄了他的各種發(fā)明、觀察，以及他對(duì)自己感興趣的事物提出的理論。Leonard'sgeniusmadehimapioneerinalmosteveryfieldofstudyheundertook.萊奧納多的天賦使他幾乎在涉足的每一領(lǐng)域都成了先驅(qū)。Hispaintings,togetherwithhisnotebooks,havecontributedsignificantlytothehistoryofart.他的畫作，連同他的筆記，在藝術(shù)史上貢獻(xiàn)斐然。漢譯英水墨畫（inkandwashpainting）是中國(guó)獨(dú)具特色的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式之一，是中國(guó)國(guó)畫的代表。Inkandwashpainting,oneoftheuniquetraditionalartformsofChina,isrepresentativeofChinesepainting.它大約始于唐代，興盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的歷史，其間經(jīng)歷了不斷的發(fā)展、提高和完善。ItbeganaroundthetimeoftheTangDynasty,andthenprosperedintheSongandYuandynasties.Withahistoryofoveronethousandyears,ithasexperiencedconstantdevelopment,improvementandperfection.水墨畫的創(chuàng)作工具和材料是具有濃厚中國(guó)特色的毛筆、宣紙和墨，其作品特點(diǎn)也與此緊密相關(guān)。Thetoolsandmaterialsusedtocreateinkandwashpainting,i.e.brushes,ricepaper,andink,arecharacteristicofChinesecultureandcloselyrelatedtothefeaturesofthepaintings.例如，水和墨相互調(diào)和，使作品具有干濕濃淡的層次。Forexample,themixingofwaterandinkcreatesdifferentshadesofdryness,wetness,thicknessandthinness.水墨和宣紙的交融滲透也使畫作善于表現(xiàn)豐富的意象，從而達(dá)到獨(dú)特的審美效果。Theintegrationandinfiltrationofwater,ink,andricepaperenablessuchpaintingstoconveyrichimages,andhencetoachieveuniqueaestheticeffects.水墨畫在中國(guó)繪畫史上具有很高的地位，甚至被認(rèn)為是衡量東方繪畫藝術(shù)水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。InkandwashpaintingholdsahighstatusinthehistoryofChinesepainting,anditisevenregardedasthecriteriontoevaluatetheartisticlevelofOrientalpaintings.Unit4英譯漢Veniceistheworld'sfamousislandcityinnorthernItaly.威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界聞名的島城。Foundedinthe5thcentury,Venicebecameamajormaritimepowerinthe10thcentury.威尼斯建立于公元5世紀(jì)，在公元10世紀(jì)時(shí)成為一支重要的海上力量。IntheMiddleAgesandtheRenaissance,Venicewasamajorcenterforcommerceandtrade,andbecameanextremelywealthyEuropeancity,aleaderinpoliticalandeconomicaffairs.在中世紀(jì)和文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，威尼斯曾是重要的商貿(mào)中心，是當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲極為富裕的城市，在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)中居領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。Afterseveralhundredyearsinpower,Venicebegantodeclineinthe15thcentury.幾百年的興盛之后，威尼斯在15世紀(jì)開始衰落。Nowadays,itisregardedasoneoftheworld'smostbeautifulcitiesandoneofthemostimportanttouristdestinationsintheworld.如今，威尼斯被公認(rèn)為是全世界最美的城市之一，也是全世界最重要的旅游勝地之一。Venicehasarichanddiversearchitecturalstyle,themostfamousofwhichistheGothicstyle.威尼斯的建筑風(fēng)格豐富多樣，其中最出名的是哥特式風(fēng)格。Veniceisalsoknownforseveralimportantartisticmovementsinhistory,especiallytheRenaissanceperiod.威尼斯還因歷史上的幾次重要的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)而聞名，特別是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。TheinfluenceofVeniceonthedevelopmentofarchitectureandartshasbeenconsiderable.威尼斯對(duì)建筑和藝術(shù)的發(fā)展影響巨大。Today,itisstillplayinganimportantroleincontemporaryartsandpopularcultures.至今，威尼斯仍對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)和流行文化的發(fā)展起著重要作用。In1987,VenicewaslistedasaWorldHeritageSite.1987年，威尼斯被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。InMarch1980,VenicebecameasistercityofChina'sSuzhouCity.1980年3月，威尼斯與中國(guó)蘇州結(jié)為“友好城市”。漢譯英LijiangisamountainouscityinnorthwestYunnanProvince.麗江地處云南省西北部，境內(nèi)多山。TheoldtownofLijiang,locatedatthefootofJadeDragonSnowMountain,isatownofscenicbeautyandknownforitshistoryandculture.Itisalsoawell-preservedoldtownwithfeaturesofethnicminorities.麗江古城坐落在玉龍雪山腳下，是一座風(fēng)景秀麗的歷史文化名城，也是我國(guó)保存完好的少數(shù)民族古城之一。TheconstructionworkoftheoldtownwasstartedfromtheSouthernSongDynastyabout800yearsfromnow.麗江古城始建于南宋，距今約有800年的歷史。NotonlydoesLijiangboastalonghistory,butalsoitboastsmanyethnicminoritieswhomakeupoverahalfofthetotalpopulationintheregion.麗江不僅歷史悠久，而且民族眾多，少數(shù)民族人口占全區(qū)人口的半數(shù)以上。WiththeboomingofLijiangtourism,theoldtownofLijiangisreceivingagrowingnumberoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.隨著麗江旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，到麗江古城觀光游覽的中外游客日益增多。InDecember1997,theoldtownsucceededinapplyingtobenamedaWorldCulturalHeritageSite,fillingthegapoflackinganotedhistoricalandculturalcityinChinaontheWorldCulturalHeritageList.1997年12月，麗江古城申報(bào)世界文化遺產(chǎn)獲得成功，填補(bǔ)了中國(guó)在世界文化遺產(chǎn)中無歷史文化名城的空白。Unit5英譯漢TheEnglishceremonyofafternoonteadatesbacktothe1840s.Thetraditionevolved