英語語法填空指導(dǎo)-詞形轉(zhuǎn)換學(xué)案高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)

英語語法填空指導(dǎo)-詞形轉(zhuǎn)換解題攻略典例印證第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為形容詞、副詞、名詞或代詞時，首先要考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換；提示詞為動詞，且該動詞在句中既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則要考慮動詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進一步分析，最終確定正確的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換形式。【典例】(2022·全國甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore____________(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1，000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.【分析】第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。提示詞為名詞，由evenmore可確定，此處應(yīng)該考慮形容詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式。結(jié)合句意“這將使他的徒步旅行更有意義”可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞。自主解答meaningful解題規(guī)則——判斷詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的5種技法技法1提示詞為動詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為動詞，如果既不是謂語動詞，也不是非謂語動詞，則考慮動詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。動詞是轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞還是形容詞，則根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進一步分析。快捷思維典例印證1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞(1)v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“狀態(tài)或行為”celebrate→celebration慶祝compete→competition比賽pollute→pollution污染educate→education教育possess→possession擁有(2)v.＋-ment轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“行為或結(jié)果”develop→development發(fā)展announce→announcement宣布argue→argument爭論；論據(jù)encourage→encouragement鼓勵(3)v.＋-r/-er/-or轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“人”perform→performer表演者settle→settler移民者educate→educator教育家direct→director導(dǎo)演visit→visitor訪問者1.(2022·全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental____________(protect)．2．(2022·1月浙江高考)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe________(invite)．3．(2022·連云港市考前模擬一)Wedon'thaveenoughresourcesallocatedtooureducationalsectorandthelittle____________(allocate)tothesectorisnotwellmanaged.4．(2022·武漢市模擬一)Meanwhile,abigtourismcompanysaiditsruraltourismbusinesshasshownsignificantpotentialforfuture____________(grow)intherecentthreeyears.5．(2022·茂名市五校聯(lián)盟第三次聯(lián)考)Afterexperiencingheroldersister's____________(die)andherparents'divorce,sheisdeterminedtostayaliveforthesakeofherbrokenfamily.(4)v.＋-ure轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞fail→failure;mix→mixture；press→pressure;depart→departure(5)后綴-th結(jié)尾的名詞grow→growth;die→deathdeep→depth;wide→widthwarm→warmth;true→truth(6)后綴-ance/-ence結(jié)尾的名詞exist→existence;guide→guidance(7)后綴-al結(jié)尾的名詞arrive→arrival;approve→approval;survive→survival6.(2022·石家莊市第二中學(xué)考前模擬)Thereisstillnoconvincing____________(explain)fortheoriginofFRBintheinternationalscientificcommunityatpresent.7．(2022·河北省模擬演練三)Sheprovidedmedical________(equip),cleanwaterandfruits.Withthisworkthedeathratedecreasedto2.2%.8．(2022·濱州市二模)Intheend,aMediterraneandietispartofthefactorscontributingtoourphysicalhealth,butittakes____________(commit)tomakethemhappen.2.動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞(1)v.＋-able轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞accept→acceptable可接受的adapt→adaptable能適應(yīng)的adjust→adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的afford→affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的(2)v.＋-ed/-ing轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞confuse→confused感到困惑的worry→worried擔(dān)心的excite→exciting令人激動的；令人興奮的(3)v.＋-ive轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞impress→impressive給人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意義的(4)v.＋-ful/-less轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞doubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的thank→thankful感激的hope→hopeless不抱希望的9.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Itoldhimhow________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.10．(2022·福建省高三下學(xué)期診斷)Thismorning,a________(cheer)liondancetroupe(劇團)droveslowlypastmylocalwetmarket.11．(2022·廣州市綜合測試一)Butthemost__________(value)experienceofallwasdiscoveringanewsenseofindependence,shesaid.12．(2022·深圳市第一次調(diào)研)Crowshavelongbeenobservedfortheirvarious____________(amaze)displaysofintelligence.13．(2022·沈陽二中模擬二)SomeAmericanscholarsthoughtChinacouldhardlyrealizefood-sufficiencybecauseofthe____________(limit)waterresources,decreaseofagriculturallandduetoindustrialexpansionandthefastpopulationgrowth.1．protection考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作動詞promote的賓語，空前有形容詞environmental修飾，空處應(yīng)用名詞。2．invitation考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幾鱠eclined的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填invitation。3．a(chǎn)llocation考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“分配給教育部門的資源沒有得到很好的管理”，空處應(yīng)用名詞allocation作and之后句子的主語。4．growth考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用名詞，作介詞for的賓語，故填growth。5．death考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。sister's后應(yīng)用名詞形式，die的名詞是death。6．explanation考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞，故填explanation。7．equipment考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作動詞provide的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填equipment。8．commitment考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。takecommitmenttodosth意為“承諾做某事”，為固定用法，故填commitment。9．harmful考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“我告訴他塑料對環(huán)境的危害”，空處應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“有害的”。10．cheerful考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞短語liondancetroupe，故填cheerful。11．valuable考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾名詞experience，應(yīng)用形容詞。12．a(chǎn)mazing考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的theirvarious可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞displays。13．limited考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處前有定冠詞the，后有名詞短語，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞。技法2提示詞為名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換快捷思維典例印證1.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)若提示詞名詞有以下情況時要考慮名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：(1)有數(shù)詞或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等詞修飾時，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2)名詞前有oneof時，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；(3)若謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.2．(2022·廈門市第四次質(zhì)量檢測)Inadditiontobooks,manylibrariesalsoofferdigital____________(copy)ofbooks,audiobooks,movies,andmorethroughInternetplatforms.3．(2022·保定市聯(lián)考)China'sonlineliteraturehasgrowninpopularityoverthelasttwo____________(decade).2.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則(1)大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)一般直接加s；如果是以ch、sh、s、x等結(jié)尾的單詞，則一般加es：trees、bikes、books、buses、watches、boxes、bushes；(2)輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i再加es；但元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，則直接加s：babies、families、boys、plays；(3)以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro、hero)、兩菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s：radios、photos；(4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，通常變f、fe為v再加es：wives、knives、wolves；(5)特殊變化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice；(6)單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish。4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe________(human)are.5．(2022·淄博市二模)Manylegendsandstoriesliebehinditsredwallsandunderthegolden____________(roof).6．(2022·郴州市第一次監(jiān)測)Itiswidelyconsideredthatthesesocial____________(policy)willdefinitelyimprovethewell-beingofChinesechildren.7．(2022·重慶市名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)Theprojectwascompletedsoquicklybecausetheworkershadbeenarrangedintosevenunitstoundertakedifferent____________(task)atthesametime.8．(2022·濟寧市高考模擬)Hopefully,thecute,witty,hi-techBingDwenDwencanbecomeaclassicandcountlesslasting____________(memory)willstickinOlympichistory.9．(2022·遼寧省協(xié)作體第一次模擬)“Makingcoinswasoneofthegreatestfinancial____________(activity)inhumanhistory，”saidresearchers,addingthatitallowedwealthtobetradedeasily.3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞提示詞為名詞，如果作定語修飾后面的名詞時，則一般考查名詞變形容詞。注意名詞變形容詞的后綴：(1)n.＋-ablehonor→honorable可敬的(2)n.＋-alnature→natural自然的；天生的music→musical音樂的；悅耳的(3)n.＋-fulcolour→colourful顏色鮮艷的meaning→meaningful有意義的(4)n.＋-en：wood→wooden木質(zhì)的(5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy富有的10.(2021·全國乙卷)Provide________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.11．(2022·鞍山市第二次質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Therewerenostars,nocelebritiesor____________(profession)performers,wewantedtopresentamodernChinaandthelivesofordinaryChinesepeople.12．(2022·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)研一)Sincemanyofthe____________(origin)featuresofthegardenhavebeenpreserved,thegardenhasahighhistoricalandartisticvalue.13．(2022·郴州市第一次監(jiān)測)Alotofproblemsareassociatedwithoverusingourdigitaldevices,fromeyehealthandissuesofmentalhealthtoaddictionand____________(education)difficulties.4.名詞的所有格提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮名詞的所有格。(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加's；(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，通常在詞尾加'。14.(2022·南通市第三次調(diào)研)Itwasagoodopportunityformetoexperiencethe____________(nation)diversecustomsandtraditions.15．(2022·湖南師大附中模擬二)UnlikeoldergenerationswhomightfavorWesterncultureandbrands，Chineseyouthwerebornandraisedwhenthe____________(country)economywastakingoff,sotheytendtohavestrongconfidenceintheirnationalidentityandculture.16．(2022·華中師大一附中考前測試)Comparedwiththeclassnineyearsago,this____________(year)lecturewasgreatlydifferent.1．populations考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。population在這里表示“種群”，是可數(shù)名詞，由空前的separate可知，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。2．copies考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空后的ofbooks可知，此處是指許多數(shù)字拷貝，copy為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．decades考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。decade為可數(shù)名詞，且空前有two修飾，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填decades。4．humans考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。本空作賓語從句主語we的同位語，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填humans。5．roofs考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。roof為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示的數(shù)量大于一，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6．policies考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)these可知，此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。7．tasks考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)different可知，此處表示不止一項任務(wù)，應(yīng)用task的復(fù)數(shù)形式。8．memories考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。memory為可數(shù)名詞，且由countless修飾，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。9．a(chǎn)ctivities考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。activity為可數(shù)名詞，此處為“oneof＋形容詞最高級＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”。10．financial考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空后的名詞aid可知，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。11．professional考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞作定語，結(jié)合空后的名詞performers可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞。12．original考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空后的名詞features可知，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。13．educational考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空后的名詞difficulties可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。14．nation's考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“體驗這個國家多樣化的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)”，空處表示“國家的”，故填nation's。15．country's考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用名詞所有格修飾后面的名詞economy，故填country's。16．year's考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，名詞year和名詞lecture存在所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用名詞所有格，故填year's。技法3提示詞為形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換快捷思維典例印證1.形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變詞性時，應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞或名詞；(2)若空處作定語、表語則應(yīng)考慮用形容詞形式；(3)若空處修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，則應(yīng)考慮用副詞形式；(4)若空處在介詞后，應(yīng)考慮用名詞作賓語。1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and____________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.2．(2022·全國乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa____________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.3．(2022·淄博市二模)Coveringsome720，000squaremetersand____________(official)knownasthePalaceMuseum,itwashometoroyalfamiliesoftheMingandQingDynasties.4．(2022·遼寧省高三聯(lián)考)Thesedays,doctorsareusinganewapproachtohealing,whichiscalledtapping.Thisapproachcombines____________(wise)fromChinesemedicinewithtalktherapy(治療).2.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則(1)以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately,brave→bravely。(2)一些以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-(l)y：true→truly,simple→simply,gentle→gently,possible→possibly。(3)“輔音字母＋-y”結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-ly：happy→happily,easy→easily。(4)以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加-ally：economic→economically,basic→basically。5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!6．(2022·連云港市第二次調(diào)研)Thisisespeciallytrueincountrieswheretraditionalmedicinesare____________(wide)used.7．(2022·撫順市高三模擬)Chinahasexpressedanambitiontolandpeopleonthemoonand____________(possible)buildascientificbasethere.8．(2022·泉州市質(zhì)量監(jiān)測二)______(similar)，insteadoflearningknowledgeinsidetheclassroom,studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeadventureoutsideandvisitplaceswheretheycanwitnessthedevelopmentoftheirhometown.3.形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級、最高級(1)利用標(biāo)志詞確定比較等級①題目中有much、far、still、even、rather、alittle、abit、alot、agreatdeal、than等標(biāo)志性詞匯時用比較級；②空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞in、of、among等時用最高級；③空前有oneofthe等修飾詞時，用最高級。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”表示“越……，就越……”。(3)利用隱含信息判斷句中雖沒有標(biāo)志詞，但暗含比較，也需要用比較級或最高級。9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the________(hot)thespring!10．(2022·威海市高考模擬)Asthebenefitsofspaceexplorationandinnovationbecome____________(well)known,increasinglymorecountriesandnon-governmentalentitiesareinterestedinengaginginexplorationandinnovation.11．(2022·連云港市模擬二)TheSvalbardGlobalSeedVault,whichpreservesalmostonemillionseedsamples,hasoneofthe____________(large)collections.12．(2022·大連市二模)ButJapan,wholackeditsownmineralresources,tookthethemeofasustainable(可持續(xù)的)future____________(seriously)thanothers.1．eventually考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。該空修飾動詞achieve，應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式，故填eventually。2．responsibility考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的不定冠詞a可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填responsibility。3．officially考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幮揎梜nown，應(yīng)用副詞officially，作狀語。4．wisdom考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗帒?yīng)用名詞作combine的賓語，wise的名詞形式是wisdom，是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“智慧”。5．undoubtedly考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作狀語，修飾動詞help，故填undoubtedly。6．widely考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用副詞widely，作狀語，修飾used。7．possibly考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞build應(yīng)用副詞。8．Similarly考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處位于句首，應(yīng)用副詞修飾整個句子作狀語，故填Similarly。9．hotter考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，氣溫越低，溫泉就越熱。本空所在句使用了“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越……，就越……”，故填hot的比較級hotter。10．better考查副詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，空間探索和創(chuàng)新的好處更加為人所知，所以更多的國家和非政府組織對其感興趣，空處應(yīng)用副詞的比較級。11．largest考查形容詞的最高級。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為“oneof＋形容詞的最高級＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)，所以空處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級。12．moreseriously考查副詞的比較級。根據(jù)空后的thanothers可知，應(yīng)用副詞seriously的比較級形式，在其前加more。技法4提示詞為代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換快捷思維典例印證提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少主語、賓語、定語或表語時，一般填代詞；確定填代詞之后，再看空處所填代詞是否與上文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。具體方法如下：(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的主格形式；(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的賓格形式；(3)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語，應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞；(4)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動詞或介詞的賓語，且和主語是同一人時，應(yīng)考慮反身代詞。1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin________(I)．2．(2022·泰安市全真模擬)Atthewatersideoronthemountains,theseniorsfind____________(they)inharmonywithnature.3．(2022·聊城市二模)Now,researchersfromCanada'sUniversityofGuelphinsistthatcatsalsoexpressemotionsontheirfaces—onejusthastolearnhowtointerpret____________(they)!4．(2022·遼寧省模擬)Butnow,forthefirsttimeinconservationhistory,____________(they)numbersareontheincrease.5．(2022·湖南省名校聯(lián)考模擬一)Butatleast70%ofstarsintheuniversearereddwarfs,thetiniestandcoolest____________(one)outthere.1．mine考查代詞?？仗幣c上文的itwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory相呼應(yīng)，表示Itsuresticksinmymemory，故填名詞性物主代詞mine。2．themselves考查代詞。當(dāng)主語和賓語一致時，應(yīng)用反身代詞作賓語，they的反身代詞是themselves。3．them考查代詞。空處作interpret的賓語，指代上文的emotions，應(yīng)用them。4．their考查代詞。numbers和they之間是所屬關(guān)系，因此空處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞numbers。5．ones考查代詞?？仗幹复?0%的恒星中最小的和溫度最低的那些”，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式ones，表示泛指。一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞一覽表人稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey賓格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves二、牢記代詞的句法功能1．作主語：人稱代詞主格。2．作賓語/表語：人稱代詞賓格和名詞性物主代詞。3．作定語：形容詞性物主代詞。4．如果賓語與主語是指同一人，用反身代詞。5．填it的情況：作形式主語或形式賓語；指代前面提到的同一個事物或情況。6．that、those作替代詞，用來代替已提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。技法5提示詞為數(shù)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換快捷思維典例印證1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞(1)一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成：six→sixthseven→seventhten→tenthhundred→hundredth(2)以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕e，再加-th：twenty→twentieththirty→thirtieth(3)不規(guī)則變化：one→firsttwo→secondthree→thirdfive→fiftheight→eighthnine→ninthtwelve→twelfth1.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe____________(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.2．(2022·廈門市第二次質(zhì)量檢測)Thisyear,Remilaspenther____________(five)SpringFestivalaboardthecarrier.3．(2022·青島市一模)ChinabeatSouthKorea3－2fromtwogoalsdowninthedramaticfinaloftheAFCWomen'sAsianCuponSundaynight,winningthechampionshipforthe____________(nine)time16yearslater.4．(2022·湖南省百所學(xué)校聯(lián)考)Thejunkfloatsaround________(hundred)ofkilometersabovetheearth.Expertssaythemainworryisthatsuchdebriswillhitaspacestation,satelliteorotherequipment.2.年齡、年代表達(dá)法(1)表達(dá)“在某人幾十多歲”時，用“inone's＋整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”，如：inone'sfifties在某人五十多歲時；(2)表達(dá)“在幾十年代時”，用“inthe＋整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”，如：inthethirties在三十年代。5.Itisknowntoallthatthereweretwoworldwarsinthe____________(twenty)century,whichgreatlychangedtheworldsituation.6．(2022·杭州市二模)ThereImetagentlemanbythenameofKurieninhislate____________(eighty).7．Backinthe____________(ninety),hewouldremainatthezooforalmostthreemonthstostaywiththepandasduringthebreedingseason.8．XuYuanchongwasoneofthegreatesttranslatorsinChina,whodevotedhimselftotranslatingChinesepoemsinhis____________(seventy).1．seventh考查數(shù)詞。設(shè)空處表示“七年級”，應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞形式。2．fifth考查數(shù)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“第五個春節(jié)”，應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞形式。3．ninth考查序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示第九次，應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞形式。4．hundreds考查數(shù)詞。hundredsof為固定短語，意為“數(shù)以百計的”。5．twentieth考查數(shù)詞。這里表示“20世紀(jì)”，也就是“第20個世紀(jì)”，應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞。6．eighties考查數(shù)詞。inone'slateeighties表示“在某人快九十歲時”。7．nineties考查數(shù)詞。inthenineties意為“在九十年代”。8．seventies考查數(shù)詞。這里表示許淵沖先生在70多歲時還在翻譯中國古詩詞。inhisseventies表示“在他70多歲時”。Test1(2022·沈陽市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測一)Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction.Whenweeatordrinksomethingcontainingsugar,thesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,__1__(leave)uswantingmore.All__2__(taste)foodsdothis,butsugarhasaparticularlystrongeffect.Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,onethatdoctorsrecommendweallcutdownon.Ourbodies__3__(design)tosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergy__4__(store)forwhentherewasnofood.Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.So__5__verythingthatoncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.Sowhatisthe__6__(solve)？It'sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,it'sextremelydifficulttoavoid.Frombreakfastcereals__7__after-dinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.Somemanufacturersevenusesugartoreplacetastesinfoodsthatareadvertisedaslowinfat.Buttherearepeopleandorganizations__8__arefightingbackagainstsugar.Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthieroptionslikefruit.Otherschools__9__(grow)theirownfoodingardens,orbuilding__10__(facility)likewalkingtrackssostudentsandothersinthecommunitycanexercise.Thebattlehasnotyetbeenlost.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，喜歡吃糖實際上是對糖的上癮。這種習(xí)慣嚴(yán)重影響著身體健康。為消除這種影響，一些學(xué)校正在用水果等作零食代替含糖甜品。1．leaving考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式。2．tasty考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。本空后面是名詞foods，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞。3．a(chǎn)redesigned考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語和動詞design之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；主語Ourbodies是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；該句陳述的是一般規(guī)律，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。4．stored考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句使用了havesthdone結(jié)構(gòu)；名詞energy和store之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作have的賓語補足語。5．the考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的定語從句可知，該處表示特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞。6．solution考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)定冠詞the可知，這里應(yīng)用名詞形式。7．to考查介詞。from...to...為固定搭配，表示“從……到……”。8．that考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞peopleandorganizations，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)該定語從句。當(dāng)定語從句中有兩個先行詞，一個指人，一個指物時，關(guān)系詞只能用that。9．a(chǎn)regrowing考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上句中的arereplacing可知，該句也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時，表示正在發(fā)生的動作；主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。10．facilities考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)likewalkingtracks并結(jié)合常識可知，學(xué)校在校園里建諸如跑道等體育設(shè)施。體育設(shè)施有許多，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Test2(2022·高三名校聯(lián)考信息優(yōu)化卷)Chinais__1__(wide)knownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitetheupsanddownsin__2__(it)history.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,__3__oneoft