英語(yǔ)句子的重音和升降調(diào)詳解 吳建偉

句子重音，升降調(diào)SentenceStressandintonation句子重音的一般規(guī)則實(shí)詞重讀虛詞不重讀名詞一般都重讀Thereisa'bookonthe'desk.My'sister'putupa'pictureonthe'wall.'John'wantsto'seethe'teacherafter'class.An'elephantisan'animal.2021/5/91一些含義較廣，本身沒(méi)有很確切內(nèi)容的名詞,如thing,person,

place,或指一大類人或事物的名詞，如man,woman,fellow,

time,ship,前面有修飾語(yǔ)縮小其范圍時(shí)，這類名詞通常不重讀

'That’sa'nicething.

(比較：'That’sa'nice'picture.)

He’san'easypersonto'geta'longwith.

He’sthe'rightmanforthe'job.

It’sal'ready'lunchtime.

(比較;It’s'timefor'lunch.)

2021/5/92代詞

常重讀的代詞有

1．指示代詞

'Thisis'notwhatI'mean.

'That'isn’ttheoneI'askedfor.

'Doyou'like(')these'flowers?

但如指示代詞前后都有重音時(shí)，該指示代詞可失去重音

'Howdoyou'likethose'littleones?

'Who'wrotethis'interesting'story?

2021/5/932.名詞性物主代詞

'Yoursis'much'nicerthan'mine.

The'redoneis'his.

但在雙重所有格中，物主代詞往往不重讀

I’m'writingtoa'friendofmine.

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)代詞

I'sawitmy'self.

The'manhim'self'toldmeso.

4．疑問(wèn)代詞

'Whoareyou'talkingto?

'WhatcanI'doforyou?

'Who'cameto'seeyouthis'morning?2021/5/94不重讀的代詞有：人稱代詞，反身代詞，物主代詞（形容詞性），相互代詞，關(guān)系代詞

He'hasn’t'seenmy'brotheryet.

He'hurthimselfwhenhewas'playing'football.

They'often'helpeachother.

The'girlwho'spoketoyoujust'nowismy

'sister.2021/5/95形容詞（包括分詞作形容詞）一般都應(yīng)重讀

數(shù)詞一般都應(yīng)重讀

The'streetsare'wide,'cleanand'beautiful.

'This'narrow'valleywasthe'sceneofa

'famous'battle.

His'firstdaughterisfif'teen.

It’sa'dullanddisap'pointingfilm.

'That’sex'citingnews.

The'worriedman'enteredthe'crowded'street.

He'bought'ten'cupsand'Iboughtonly'four.

2021/5/96冠詞一般都不重讀

He'livesina'house'not'farfromthe'school.

It'san'hour’s'drivefromthe'old'station.

The'man'overthereismy'brother.

An'elephantisan'animal.

2021/5/97動(dòng)詞主要?jiǎng)釉~，或稱實(shí)意動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞（notional

verb）都要重讀

(be、have除外)

He‘takesa’walkafter‘supper’every‘day.

’Don’tfor‘getyour’homework.

Isup‘poseyou’knowhim.

非限定動(dòng)詞一般也都要重讀

不定式

Wede‘cidedto’startthe‘next’day.

分詞

We'satatthe'desk'writinga'letter.

動(dòng)名詞

It’s'no'use'askinghimabout'that.

2021/5/98助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與not構(gòu)成的縮略式要重讀

I'don’twantto'gothereto'day.

He'wasn’tsur'prisedwhenI'toldhimthe

'news.

We'can’t'stayany'longer.

'Don’tyouthinkyou'shouldn’tsay'such

things?

Wemust'doit'now,'mustn’twe?

cannot不縮寫成can’t

時(shí)，重音也在can上

I'cannotagree'withhim.

2021/5/99Do用于肯定句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，總是重讀的

I'dohope'thiswillbeef'fective.

He'doesneedyour'help.

We'didwarnyoube'fore.

'Do'drop'inwhenyouarein'Xuzhou.

2021/5/910不重讀的動(dòng)詞

助動(dòng)詞

Hedid'notwork'hardforthee'xam.

Wewereim'pressedbytheira'chievements.

'Muchhasbeen'saida'boutit.

Theywillbesur'prisedat'that.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

Heshouldbe'criticizedfor'doing'that.

'Marycould'doit'betterthan'Herbert.

Imust'go'now.

'Whocan'answerthis'question?

2021/5/911

動(dòng)詞be(是),have(有)一般不重讀

Ihave'somany'thingsto'doto'day.

'Few'peoplehad'TV'setsin'those'days.

The'keywas'inthe'box.

以上幾類通常不重讀的動(dòng)詞用于簡(jiǎn)短回答，或其后省略了主要?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)，要重讀;用于一般疑問(wèn)句句首有時(shí)重讀，但在比較隨便的談話中不必重讀

(')Haveyouany'brothersand'sisters?

'Yes,I'have.

(')Areyoua'student?'Yes,I'am.

(')Canyou'comethisafter'noon?Yes,I'can.

He'said'morethanhe'shouldatthe'meeting.

I'don’twantto'gothere,butI'must.

2021/5/912

副詞一般都重讀

They'came'back'early'yesterday.

'Wheredidyou'buyit?

'Whydoyou'come?

You'meet'people'everywhere.

I’ve'never'heardof'suchathingbe'fore.

Per'hapsshe’llar'riveto'night.

'Tellhimto'come'in.

A'car'dashed'past.

'Thankyoufor'comingto'seeme'off.

2021/5/913但關(guān)系副詞不重讀

He'visitedthe'small'villagewherehewas

'born.

They'came'rightatthe'timewhenwe'needed

their'help.

'Thisisthe'reasonwhythey'failed.

介詞單音節(jié)介詞一般都不重讀

'Allbut'oneofthe'familyareat'home.

'How'farisitfrom'Paristo'London?

'Whatareyou'lookingat?

'That’swhatIwas'thinkingof.

2021/5/914

多音節(jié)的介詞常重讀，但也可不重讀

I’ll'doit(')after'lunch.

He'finishedthe'article(')duringthe'holidays.

The'man'walkeda(')longthe'street.

He'searcheda(')mongthe'papers.

Ifor'got'alla(')boutit.

Ihave'nothingto'saycon(')cerningthis

'problem.

'Putit'oppositethe'door.

2021/5/915在不重讀的連系動(dòng)詞be或人稱代詞后，

不論是單音節(jié)或多音節(jié)介詞都重讀

They’re'bythe'window.

Hewas'inthe'sitting-room.

Isit'nearthe'postoffice?

The'teacherwas'withusatthe'picnic.

Itwas'duringthe'interval.

Hewasbe'sidehimselfwith'rage.

Theyarebe'hindthe'door.

2021/5/916介詞在句首時(shí)?？芍刈x

'Onhis'way'homehe'metan'old'friend.

'Inthe'roomthey'founda'little'boy.

'Underthe'tree'standsa'tallman.

2021/5/917連接詞單一的并列連接詞（包括關(guān)聯(lián)連接詞both…andneither…nor等）和從屬連詞都不重讀

He'cameand'spoketous.

I'sawitbut'didn’t'readit.

'Let’s'runorwe’llbe'late.

'That'takesboth'timeand'energy.

Neither'younor'Ican'solvethe'problem.

Isug'gestthatwe'give'upthe'plan.

Hewas'angrywithmebecauseIwas'late.

Thepro'fessorwas'busy'writingwhenI'went

to'seehim.2021/5/918We'tookthe'taxitothe'stationso(that)

wecouldbein'timeforthe'train.

She'didn’tar'rangethe'chairsasI'toldher.

'Putitwhereitcan'easilybe'seen.

He'wantsto'seeyoubeforeyou'leave.

Shein'sistedon'going,thoughI'toldher

'notto.

Theyweredisap'pointedwhereas'wewere

de'lighted.

You'can’tunder'standituntilyou'readitto

the'end.

2021/5/919連接詞詞組其中重要的詞要重讀

還有一些意味較強(qiáng)的連接詞也要重讀

If'onlyI'knewhowto'doit.

He’ll'helpusoncon'ditionthatwe'trusthim.

We’ll'startto'morrow'evenifit'rains.

Theyhave'never'met'eversince'19'80.

The'meetingwillbe'ginas'soonasthe

'guests'come.

You’llsuc'ceedso'longasyou'work'hard.

It’s'sucha'pitythatyou'can’t'come.

2021/5/920

He'spoke'so'fastthatIcould'hardly'follow

him.

Willyou'trya'gainsup'posingyou'fail?

Imust'gothereal'thoughitis'raining.

The'schoolbuswill'leavedi'rectlythe'bell

'rings.

Youcan'neversuc'ceedun'lessyou'work

'hard.2021/5/921從句放在主句前面時(shí)，處于句首的連接詞常重讀

（that

除外）

'Whenhe'comesI’llintro'ducehimtoyou.

'AfterI’ve'finisheditI’ll'showittoyou.

'AsIwas'waitingforthe'bus,it'suddenly

be'ganto'rain.

但

Thatwecan'doitwith'outhimisab'surd.

2021/5/922連接代詞who(whom,whose)what,which

和連接副詞

when,where,how,why

可以重讀，也可以不重讀

I'wonder'who'thatwas.

'Askhim'whichis'better.

I'don’t'know'howthey'are.

I'don’t'knowhow'thingsarein'their'school.

I’m'notsure'whenhe’s'coming.

I'can’tunder'stand'whyhere'fusesto'go.

Doyou'seewhatI'mean?

He'doesn’tknow'whatheshould'do'next.2021/5/923感嘆詞

感嘆詞是表示某種感情的自然一般都重讀

'Ah!'Oh!

'Ugh![‘uh]'Eh?

'Fancy!'Goodness!

'Nonsense!Hel'lo!

In'deed!'How'awful!

但如果后面緊跟一個(gè)有強(qiáng)重音的詞，單音節(jié)的

感嘆詞可以不重讀，但音調(diào)很高

Ah''no!Oh''well!Oh''dear!2021/5/924不合乎語(yǔ)句重音一般規(guī)律的例外情況

任何本來(lái)有句子重音的詞，如果上文剛出現(xiàn)過(guò)，第二次提

到時(shí)一般不應(yīng)重讀

--'How'many'timeshaveyou'beenthere?

--'Threetimes.

The'boy'shoutedtothe'otherboys.

--They'want'strongmen.

--'Very'well.I'amstrong.

'Studyas'Leninstudied.

A'newcom'mitteehasbeen'set'upand

'Dr'Liis'onthecommittee.

2021/5/925名詞street在街名中不重讀

'OxfordStreet'DowningStreet

'EighthStreet‘WallStreet

但road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,park,

palace等詞在街名地名中都要重讀

'York'Road

'West'Lake

'Hyde'Park

'Buckingham'Palace

'Hampton'Court

2021/5/926一個(gè)名詞受另一個(gè)名詞（或形容詞）修飾時(shí)，如修飾語(yǔ)與別的詞形成對(duì)比時(shí)，或兩個(gè)詞意義上聯(lián)系很緊密時(shí)，被修飾的名詞不重讀，只重讀前面的修飾語(yǔ)

'railwayjourney坐火車旅行（區(qū)別于坐汽車或飛機(jī)旅行）

'pleasuretrip旅游（區(qū)別于因事旅行）

'highschool中學(xué)

'safetyrazor安全剃刀

'life-savingapparatus救生裝置

'doorhandle'tennisball

'campingground'golfclub

'violinstringexami'nationpaper2021/5/927指示代詞this,that,these,those有時(shí)沒(méi)有很強(qiáng)的指示意味，

其意義很接近于冠詞the，特別是當(dāng)其修飾的名詞前面已提

到時(shí)，這些指示代詞不重讀

He'managedthis'matter'wonderfully.

Itis'necessaryto'takethese'measures.

He'couldn’t'bearthe'gazeofthose'eyes.

在

this'morning,this'after'noon,this'evening

等詞組中，this不重讀2021/5/928such后面跟有強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞時(shí)不重讀

sucha'curious'shape

such'quantitiesof'wood

如果后面的詞不可能重時(shí)，則重讀such

'Suchathingshould'neverhave'happened.

副詞so在thinkso,doso等詞組里不重讀

I'thinkso.I'didn’t'sayso.

I'believeso.'Who'toldyouto'doso?

2021/5/929副詞so,now,then用來(lái)在語(yǔ)氣上連接上下文時(shí)，不重讀

Sohe'wentintothe'garden.

Now'listentome'carefully.

Then'don’tfor'getto'writetomeafter

youar'rivethere.

2021/5/930某些插入語(yǔ)不須重讀

I’ma'fraidhe’s'not'coming.

He’s'not'coming,I’mafraid.

'Please'sit'down.'Sit'down,please.

He'said,“I’m'sorry.”“I’m'sorry,”hesaid.

One作為數(shù)詞要重讀，但用作代詞時(shí)不重讀

'That’sa'goodone.

'Howarethe'littleones?

You’ve'gotthe'wrongone,'Iwantthe'greenone.

2021/5/931節(jié)奏

OOOO

'time’s'up.

'make'haste

'next'week'what’s'this

'work'hard'well'done

'all'right'quite'good

'Yes,'please.'hold'on

'that’s'true'too'bad

'good'news'this'month

'not'yet'come'in

2021/5/932OoO

OoO

'never'mind'waitand'see

'leaveat'once'wordby'word

'letme'see'thanksa'lot

'outof'date'quitea'lot

'tryit'out'goodi'dea

'comea'long'farand'wide

'timeand'tide'little'girl

'whata'day2021/5/933

OoOoOoOo

'waita'moment'giveme'thisone

'let’sget'started'springis'coming

'Merry'Christmas.'comeand'helpme

'gladto'seeyou'very'funny

'letme'helpyou'whocan'helpme

'quitea'lotof'rather'boring

'goand'getit'whento'doit

'just‘imagine'timeis'precious2021/5/934oOoOoOoO

the'latest'news

a'wasteof'time

he’s'latefor'classshe’s'gone'away

a'lotof'noiseI’d'liketo'come

it'doesn’t'workwe’d'better'go

a'signof'smokehe'always'sings

it’s'timefor'lunchI’ll'seeyou'off

it’s'hardto'saya'dayof'work

I’ve'no'ideaI’m'sureyou'will

2021/5/935OooO

'lotstobe'done

'lendmea'hand

'getinthe'crops

'nothingat'all

'bringhim'along

'senditby'mail

'notinthe'least

'clearit'away

'onceina'whileOoooO'carryit'away'followmy'advice'seeyouina'week'trytobein'time'comeandhavea'look'leaveitonthe'desk'cutitwitha'knife'everythingis'clear'bringalongyour'friend2021/5/936oOoOo

I’m'gladto'seeyou.

You’re'always'welcome.

I'hopeyou'likeit.

I’d'liketo'hearit.

I'begyour'pardon.

You’d'better'hurry.

I’m'very'sorry.

Itdoesn’t'matter.

He’s'rather'funny.2021/5/937oOooOoo

I’ll'borrowa'notherone.

You’ll'getiton'Saturday.

Per'hapsyou’ve'heardofit.

They’ve'allgoneon'holiday.

It’s'veryun'fortunate.

Let’s'openthe'otherone.

2021/5/938語(yǔ)調(diào)

在英語(yǔ)說(shuō)話和朗讀時(shí)不但要注意句子的重讀、音的長(zhǎng)度、音的變化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)調(diào)

在英語(yǔ)中通過(guò)語(yǔ)調(diào)的高低、句子重讀、音的長(zhǎng)度，使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)豐富多彩，聲情并茂。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短語(yǔ)或句子的最后一個(gè)重音上

可以將英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)調(diào)歸納為四種：

降調(diào)升調(diào)

平調(diào)降升調(diào)

╮╯?~2021/5/939用降調(diào)的句型

1.陳述句

Thankyou.Notatall.

You’requiteright.

I’mafraidImustbeoff.

2021/5/9402.特殊疑問(wèn)句

WhattimecanIseeyou?

What’sthematterwithyou?

2021/5/9413.祈使句

Comein.Closethedoor.

Fetchmemygloves.

Pleasedropinanytimeyoulike.

Hurryuporwe’ll