商業(yè)研究報(bào)告數(shù)字鴻溝的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果和代際影響英哈佛大學(xué)肯尼迪學(xué)院2022552

企業(yè)行業(yè)分析方案商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài)分類及特點(diǎn)商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài)包括百貨店、超級(jí)市場(chǎng)、大型綜合超市、便利店、專業(yè)市場(chǎng)（主題商城）、專賣店、購物中心和倉儲(chǔ)式商場(chǎng)等8

種形式。各主要業(yè)態(tài)選址和經(jīng)營特征如下。1、百貨店百貨店是指在一個(gè)大建筑物內(nèi)，根據(jù)不同商品部門設(shè)銷售區(qū)，開展進(jìn)貨、管理、運(yùn)營，滿足顧客對(duì)時(shí)尚商品多樣化選擇需求的零售業(yè)態(tài)。（1）選址在城市繁華區(qū)、交通要道。（2）商店規(guī)模大，營業(yè)面積在5000

平方米以上。（3）商品結(jié)構(gòu)以經(jīng)營男裝、女裝、兒童服裝、服飾、衣料、家庭用品為主，種類齊全、少批量、高毛利。（4）商店設(shè)施豪華、店堂典雅、明快。（5）采取柜臺(tái)銷售與自選（開架）銷售相結(jié)合方式。（6）采取定價(jià)銷售，可以退貨。（7）服務(wù)功能齊全。2、超級(jí)市場(chǎng)超級(jí)市場(chǎng)指采取自選銷售方式、以銷售食品、生鮮食品、副食品和生活用品為主，滿足顧客每日生活需求的零售業(yè)態(tài)。（1）址在居民區(qū)、交通要道、商業(yè)區(qū)。（2）以居民為主要銷售對(duì)象，10

分鐘左右可到達(dá)。（3）商店?duì)I業(yè)面積在1000

平方米左右。（4）商品構(gòu)成以購買頻率高的商品為主。（5）采取自選銷售方式，出入口分設(shè)，結(jié)算由設(shè)在出口處的收銀機(jī)統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行。（6）營業(yè)時(shí)間每天不低于11

小時(shí)。（7）有一定面積的停車場(chǎng)地。3、大型綜合超市大型綜合超市是指采取自選銷售方式，以銷售大眾化實(shí)用品為主，滿足顧客一次性購足需求的零售業(yè)態(tài)。（1）選址在城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部、住宅區(qū)、交通要道。（2）商店?duì)I業(yè)面積2500

平方米以上。（3）商品構(gòu)成為衣、食、用品齊全，重視本企業(yè)的品牌開發(fā)。（4）采取自選銷售方式。（5）設(shè)與商店?duì)I業(yè)面積相適應(yīng)的停車場(chǎng)。4、便利店（方便店）便利店是滿足顧客便利性需求為主要的目的的零售業(yè)態(tài)。（1）選址在居民住宅區(qū)、主干線公路邊，以及車站、醫(yī)院、娛樂場(chǎng)所、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)所在地。（2）商店?duì)I業(yè)面積在100

平方米左右，營業(yè)面積利用率高。（3）居民徒步購物5-7

分鐘可到達(dá)，80%的顧客為有目的的購買。（4）商品結(jié)構(gòu)以速成食品、飲料、小百貨為主，有即時(shí)消費(fèi)性、小容量、應(yīng)急商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài)分類及特點(diǎn)性等特點(diǎn)。（5）營業(yè)時(shí)間長，一般在10

小時(shí)以上，甚至24

小時(shí)，終年無休日。（6）以開架自選貨為主，結(jié)算在收銀機(jī)處統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行。5、購物中心購物中心指企業(yè)有計(jì)劃地開發(fā)、擁有、管理運(yùn)營的各類零售業(yè)態(tài)、服務(wù)設(shè)施的集合體。（1）由發(fā)起者有計(jì)劃地開設(shè)、布局統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，店鋪獨(dú)立經(jīng)營。（2）選址為中心商業(yè)區(qū)或城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部的交通要道。（3）內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)由百貨店或超級(jí)市場(chǎng)作為核心店，與各類專業(yè)店、專賣店、快餐店等組合構(gòu)成。（4）設(shè)施豪華、店堂典雅、寬敞明亮，實(shí)行賣場(chǎng)租賃制。（5）核心店的面積一般不超過購物中心面積的80%。（6）服務(wù)功能齊全，集零售、餐飲、娛樂為一體。（7）根據(jù)銷售面積，設(shè)相應(yīng)規(guī)模的停車場(chǎng)。6、倉儲(chǔ)式商場(chǎng)倉儲(chǔ)式商場(chǎng)指以經(jīng)營生活資料為主的，儲(chǔ)銷一體、低價(jià)銷售、提供有限服務(wù)的零售業(yè)態(tài)（其中有的采取會(huì)員制形式，只為會(huì)員服務(wù)）。（1）在城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部、交通要道。（2）商店?duì)I業(yè)面積大，一般為10000

平方米左右。（3）目標(biāo)顧客以中小零售商、餐飲店、集團(tuán)購買和有交通工具的消費(fèi)者為主。（4）商品結(jié)構(gòu)主要以食品（有一部分生鮮商品）、家庭用品、體育用品、服裝衣料、文具、家用電器、汽車用品、室內(nèi)用品等為主。（5）店堂設(shè)施簡樸、實(shí)用。（6）采取倉儲(chǔ)式陳列。（7）開展自選式的銷售。（8）設(shè)有較大規(guī)模的停車場(chǎng)。商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài)分類及特點(diǎn)行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)

PA

P

E

RMAY

2

02

2TECHNOLOGY

AND

PUBLIC

PURPOSE

PROJECTTheEconomicConsequencesandGenerationalImpactoftheDigitalDivideFrancella

Ochillo商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)Copyright

2022,

President

and

Fellows

of

Harvard

College商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

Technology

and

Public

Purpose

Project

Belfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs

Harvard

Kennedy

School

79

JFK

Street

Cambridge,

MA

02138

/project/technology-and-public-purpose

Statements

and

views

expressed

in

this

report

are

solely

those

of

the

author(s)

and

do

not

imply

endorsement

by

Harvard

University,

Harvard

Kennedy

School,

or

the

Belfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs.分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)

PA

P

E

RMAY

2

02

2TECHNOLOGY

AND

PUBLIC

PURPOSE

PROJECTTheEconomicConsequencesandGenerationalImpactoftheDigitalDivideFrancella

Ochillo商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔分析報(bào)告文檔商業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研報(bào)告是指調(diào)查和收集有關(guān)商業(yè)市場(chǎng)需求、消費(fèi)者行為、競爭狀況、市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)等方面的信息，從而為企業(yè)決策者提供有助于確定市場(chǎng)方向和制定營銷策略的實(shí)用數(shù)據(jù)和建議。在當(dāng)今商業(yè)競爭日益激烈的環(huán)境下，商業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研報(bào)告對(duì)企業(yè)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。商業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研報(bào)告的形式和內(nèi)容可因行業(yè)和目標(biāo)而異，通常包括市場(chǎng)情況、產(chǎn)品特色、消費(fèi)者行為和需求、競爭對(duì)手及其策略等方面的信息。針對(duì)不同的信息，企業(yè)可以采用各種方式來獲取市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)，如調(diào)查問卷、訪談、觀察等方式。在調(diào)研報(bào)告中，企業(yè)需要對(duì)市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)和信息進(jìn)行分析，得出結(jié)論和建議，并據(jù)此提供具體的市場(chǎng)營銷策略和行動(dòng)方案。此外，企業(yè)還應(yīng)該對(duì)己行動(dòng)的效果及時(shí)追蹤和評(píng)估，并針對(duì)性地調(diào)整和完善市場(chǎng)策略。商業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研過程中，我們首先需要考慮的是需要確定的目標(biāo)。調(diào)研目標(biāo)應(yīng)據(jù)此制定市場(chǎng)調(diào)研方案。通常包括需求滿足度、市場(chǎng)規(guī)模、產(chǎn)品可行性和客戶類型等。調(diào)研計(jì)劃的其他方面包括調(diào)研方式、調(diào)研時(shí)期和成本等。商業(yè)調(diào)研分析報(bào)告作用行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)iiThe

Economic

Consequences

and

Generational

Impact

of

the

Digital

DivideAbout

the

Technology

andPublic

Purpose

Project

(TAPP)商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

Thearcofinnovativeprogresshasreachedaninflectionpoint.Itisour

responsibilitytoensureitbendstowardspublicgood.

Technological

change

has

brought

immeasurable

benefits

to

billions

through

improved

health,

productivity,

and

convenience.

Yet

as

recent

events

have

shown,

unless

we

actively

manage

their

risks

to

society,

new

technologies

may

also

bring

unforeseen

destructive

consequences.

Making

technological

change

positive

for

all

is

the

critical

challenge

of

our

time.

We

ourselves

-

not

only

the

logic

of

discovery

and

market

forces

-

must

manage

it.

To

create

a

future

where

technology

serves

humanity

as

a

whole

and

where

public

purpose

drives

innovation,

we

need

a

new

approach.

Founded

by

Belfer

Center

Director,

MIT

Innovation

Fellow,

and

former

U.S.

Secretary

of

Defense

Ash

Carter,

the

TAPP

Project

works

to

ensure

that

emerging

technologies

are

developed

and

managed

in

ways

that

serve

the

overall

public

good.

TAPP

Project

Principles:

1.

Technology’s

advance

is

inevitable,

and

it

often

brings

with

it

much

progress

for

some.

Yet,

progress

for

all

is

not

guaranteed.

We

have

an

obligation

to

foresee

the

dilemmas

presented

by

emerging

technology

and

to

generate

solutions

to

them.

2.

There

is

no

silver

bullet;

effective

solutions

to

technology-induced

public

dilemmas

require

a

mix

of

government

regulation

and

tech-sector

self-governance.

The

right

mix

can

only

result

from

strong

and

trusted

linkages

between

the

tech

sector

and

government.

3.

Ensuring

a

future

where

public

purpose

drives

innovation

requires

the

next

generation

of

tech

leaders

to

act;

we

must

train

and

inspire

them

to

implement

sustainable

solutions

and

carry

the

torch.分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)iiiBelfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs

|

Harvard

Kennedy

SchoolAbout

the

Author商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

Francella

Ochillo

Francella

Ochillo

is

an

attorney

and

nonprofit

executive

whose

work

underscores

how

widespread

broadband

access

and

adoption

can

improve

economic

resilience,

educational

outcomes,

the

ability

to

age

in

place,

and

pathways

for

participating

in

democracy.

She

is

a

long-time

public

interest

advocate

and

leads

a

nonprofit

organization

devoted

to

helping

local

officials

achieve

their

community’s

connectivity

goals.

Through

Federal

Communications

Commission

working

groups,

Congressional

testimony,

and

local,

state,

and

federal

level

proceedings,

Francella

provides

expertise

on

how

government

policies

and

industry

practices

affect

societal

infrastructure,

particularly

for

underrepresented

populations.

This

report

is

a

product

of

the

Technology

and

Public

Purpose

Fellowship,

a

program

housed

in

Harvard

Kennedy

School’s

Belfer

Center,

which

provided

a

platform

for

Francella

to

examine

how

digital

inequities

reinforce

income

inequality

and

contribute

to

the

separation

of

wealth.

She

is

grateful

for

student

research

assistance

from

Catherine

Darin

and

the

unequivocal

support

of

TAPP’s

leadership

team.分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)ivThe

Economic

Consequences

and

Generational

Impact

of

the

Digital

DivideResearch

Findings??????While

universal

service

principles

from

the

telephone

era

provideda

necessary

framework

for

universal

broadband

goals,

monopolisticpractices

and

lopsided

power

dynamics

that

shaped

telephone

industryregulations

also

laid

the

foundation

for

limited

competition

andcorporate-centered

policies

in

the

broadband

marketplace.An

influx

of

broadband

funding

will

not

cure

the

root

causes

ofwidespread

digital

inequities

if

many

of

the

regulatory

policiesand

industry

practices

that

gave

rise

to

the

digital

divide

remainunchanged.

Additionally,

closing

deep-rooted

digital

divides

could

costan

estimated

$175

billion

more

than

the

broadband

funding

allotted

inthe

historic

Infrastructure

Investment

and

Jobs

Act

and

other

federalprograms,

further

intensifying

the

need

to

invest

public

funds

instrategic

and

sustainable

ways.A

digitally

equitable

ecosystem

in

which

all

Americans

can

leveragethe

benefits

of

technology

requires

public

and

private

cooperationbuttressed

by

consumer-focused

public

policies

from

federal,

state,

andlocal

government

entities.The

digital

divide

is

far

more

expansive

than

what

is

depicted

incurrent

broadband

access

data.

Using

binary

measurements

for

amulti-dimensional

problem

blurs

pictures

of

digital

inequality

andreduces

the

effectiveness

of

public

and

private

interventions.Persistent

digital

inequities

exacerbate

other

societal

inequalities

which,combined,

cause

a

ripple

effect

in

local

and

state

economies.

They

alsohobble

domestic

productivity

and

competitiveness

while

increasing

thecost

of

public

service

delivery

nationwide.An

analysis

of

broadband

access

and

adoption

rates

in

the

richest

and商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

poorest

states

shows

a

direct

correlation

between

low-income

status

and

the

lack

of

adoption.

The

race

and

income

levels

of

disconnected

populations

were

remarkably

similar

regardless

of

geography.分析報(bào)告文檔一、市場(chǎng)調(diào)研報(bào)告是企業(yè)了解市場(chǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)的窗口。它有利于企業(yè)掌握市場(chǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)，如市場(chǎng)供求情況、市場(chǎng)最新趨勢(shì)、消費(fèi)者的要求以及本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品的銷售情況等方面的市場(chǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)。二、它為企業(yè)客觀判斷自身的競爭能力，調(diào)整經(jīng)營決策、產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃提供了依據(jù)，企業(yè)在市場(chǎng)競爭中要想明確自身所處的位置，就要做市場(chǎng)調(diào)查，從市場(chǎng)調(diào)查報(bào)告中獲取準(zhǔn)確的信息。企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層在考慮開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，決定產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)數(shù)量、品種、花色時(shí)也要先做市場(chǎng)調(diào)查。三、有助于整體宣傳策略需要，為企業(yè)市場(chǎng)地位和產(chǎn)品宣傳等提供信息和支持。四、通過市場(chǎng)調(diào)查所獲得的資料，除了可供了解目前市場(chǎng)的情況之外，還可以對(duì)市場(chǎng)變化趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，從而可以提前對(duì)企業(yè)的應(yīng)變作出計(jì)劃和安排，充分地利用市場(chǎng)的變化，從中謀求企業(yè)的利益。商業(yè)調(diào)研分析報(bào)告作用行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)vBelfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs

|

Harvard

Kennedy

School???Low-

and

middle-income

Americans

have

significant

limitations

onincreasing

earning

power

and

developing

the

net

assets

needed

tocreate

intergenerational

wealth.

Increasing

opportunities

for

digitalcitizenship

improves

prospects

for

higher

education,

economicmobility,

and

healthcare

while

boosting

agility

in

a

rapidly

changingdigital

economy.The

social

return

on

public

investments

in

digital

equity

isevidenced,

for

instance,

by

increases

in

healthcare

options,

workforceparticipation,

productivity,

and

competition.

Further,

a

highlyconnected

populace

introduces

new

communication

channels

fordisenfranchised

Americans

to

access

information,

financial

inclusion,and

community-building

opportunities

to

which

some

have

historicallybeen

denied.The

U.S.

has

a

long

history

of

investing

in

science

and

technology

to商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

boost

economic

growth

and

mitigate

harm.

In

addition

to

developing

public

policies

that

center

the

high-speed

connectivity

needs

of

today

and

tomorrow,

investing

in

digital

equity

would

exponentially

boost

economic

opportunities

and

create

cost

savings

for

generations

to

come.分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔分析報(bào)告文檔文檔手冊(cè)行業(yè)viiBelfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs

|

Harvard

Kennedy

SchoolTable

of

ContentsIntroductionviIntricacies

Of

The

Digital

Divide

1The

Digital

Divide

Is

As

Old

As

The

Internet’s

Public

Debut

3Examining

The

Roots

of

Digital

Inequities

6The

Economic

Impact

of

The

Digital

Divide

10

Digital

Inclusion

is

a

Prerequisite

for

Economic

Inclusion12

Digital

Inequality

Impacts

Earning

Power

and

Net

Assets14

Broadband

Is

Critical

for

Economic

Mobility16

Ripple

Effect

in

Communities17

Trends

in

the

Ten

Richest

and

Ten

Poorest

States18

Lost

Productivity

and

Wealth

Nationwide22Recommendations

and

Potential

Solutions

24

1.

Broadband

policies

must

be

laser-focused

on

enabling

all

U.S.

residents

to

benefit

from

high-speed

technologies26

2.

A

binary

measurement

of

who

does

and

does

not

have

broadband

access

will

never

be

able

to

capture

the

contours

of

the

digital

divide28

3.

Income

inequality

is

made

worse

by

continual

gaps

in

broadband

access

and

adoption29

4.

Longitudinal

studies

on

the

cost

of

digital

inequities

would

not

only

help

to

improve

public

policy

solutions

but

would

also

provide

essential

documentation

of

why

digital

citizenship

is

a

determinant

of

social

and

economic

wellness30

5.

The

societal

benefits

of

digital

equity

investments

include

those

that

can

be

quantified

on

a

balance

sheet

and

many

that

cannot31

6.

The

U.S.

has

a

long

history

of

investing

in

technology

to

boost

economic

growth

and

mitigate

harm32Conclusion

34Appendix

36

商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔分析報(bào)告文檔商品和服務(wù)是由生產(chǎn)者轉(zhuǎn)移到消費(fèi)者而形成市場(chǎng)行銷活動(dòng)的鏈接方式，或投資者對(duì)自己確立的項(xiàng)日存有疑惑，而委請(qǐng)專業(yè)的調(diào)查人員或第三者，作有系統(tǒng)地、客觀地、廣泛地且持續(xù)地搜集相關(guān)資料，加以記錄，分析，衡量與評(píng)估，提供相關(guān)分析，結(jié)論與建議，以供企業(yè)經(jīng)營者決策參考之行為。市場(chǎng)調(diào)研范圍1·市場(chǎng)研究：市場(chǎng)潛在需求量，消費(fèi)者分布及消費(fèi)者特性研究。2.產(chǎn)品研究：產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)，開發(fā)及試驗(yàn)；消費(fèi)者對(duì)產(chǎn)品形狀、包裝、品味等喜好研究；現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品改良建議，競爭產(chǎn)品的比較分析。3,銷售研究：公司總體行銷活動(dòng)研究，設(shè)計(jì)及改進(jìn)。4.消費(fèi)購買行為研究：消費(fèi)者購買動(dòng)機(jī)，購買行為決策過程及購買行為特性研究。5.廣告及促銷研究：測(cè)驗(yàn)及評(píng)估商品廣告及其它各種促銷之效果，尋求最佳促銷手法，以促進(jìn)消費(fèi)者有效購買行為。6.行銷環(huán)境研究：依人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、政治及科技等因素變化及未來變化走勢(shì)，對(duì)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)及企業(yè)行銷策略的影響。7.銷售預(yù)測(cè)：研究大環(huán)境演變，競爭情況及企業(yè)相對(duì)競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)，對(duì)于市場(chǎng)銷售量作長期與短期預(yù)測(cè)，為企業(yè)擬定長期經(jīng)營計(jì)劃及短期經(jīng)營計(jì)劃之用。商業(yè)調(diào)研分析報(bào)告作用行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)12“History

Has

Its

Eyes

on

You,”

Wikipedia

(Wikimedia

Foundation,

January

30,

2022),/wiki/History_Has_Its_Eyes_on_You

.Chase

DiBenedetto,

“Indigenous

Communities

Built

Their

Own

Internet.

Here’s

How.,”

Mashable,

October

29,

2021,3viiiEmily

Vogels

et

al.,

“53%

Of

Americans

Say

the

Internet

Has

Been

Essential

during

the

COVID-19

Outbreak”

(Pew

Research

Center,

April30,

2020),

/internet/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2020/04/PI_2020.04.30_COVIDinternet_REPORT.pdf

.

The

Economic

Consequences

and

Generational

Impact

of

the

Digital

Divide商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

Introduction

History

has

its

eyes

on

us.1

Years

from

now,

what

was

and

was

not

attempted

to

address

the

digital

divide

will

not

only

be

remembered

but

will

also

be

memorialized

in

code.

Americans

who

perpetually

struggle

with

the

ability

to

get

online

continually

lag

behind

their

connected

counterparts

in

earning

power,

lifelong

learning,

healthcare

options,

and

political

clout.

Meanwhile,

those

with

reliable

high-speed

internet

access,

digital

dexterity,

and

ready

access

to

computing

devices

will

continue

to

produce

some

of

the

most

influential

digital

architects

of

our

time

as

they

enjoy

unmatched

opportunities

for

well-being,

longevity,

and

wealth.

Digital

inequities

allow

the

digital

divide

to

thrive

in

the

most

under-resourced

communities.

Proof

of

inequity

rarely

surfaces

in

isolation

and

has

a

compound

effect

by

multiplying

the

impact

of

disadvantage.

By

the

time

a

household

is

labeled

as

being

on

the

wrong

side

of

the

digital

divide,

its

residents

have

already

missed

out

on

the

benefits

of

a

digital

economy

and

experienced

socioeconomic

consequences

that

transcend

household

walls.

In

examining

the

ten

highest

and

lowest

median

income

states,

data

show

that

the

populations

struggling

with

connectivity

are

remarkably

similar.

Poverty

tends

to

be

a

root

problem

for

households

that

live

in

close

proximity

to

digital

infrastructure

but

cannot

afford

to

maintain

broadband

subscriptions

throughout

the

year.

Approximately

50%

of

Indigenous

residents

living

on

tribal

lands

still

do

not

have

baseline

broadband

access

or

a

computing

device

at

home

to

get

online.2

Black

and

Brown

households

in

high-

and

low-income

states

consistently

trail

behind

their

White

counterparts

in

broadband

adoption

rates,

a

statistic

made

worse

by

them

being

twice

as

likely

to

have

canceled

broadband

service

at

home

due

to

the

financial

strain

of

the

pandemic.3

This

research

was

designed

to

explore

three

primary

questions.

First,

is

there

a

predominant

race

and

socioeconomic

class

of

the

populations

most

frequently

impacted

by

the

digital

divide?

Second,

does

the

digital

divide

impose

a

collective

cost

that

is

shared

with

digitally

disadvantaged

and

connected

households?

Third,

should

investing

in

digital

equity

be

a

national

priority?

The

analysis

documents

why

the

answer

to

all

three

of

those

questions

is

a

resounding

yes.

/article/how-indigenous-communities-build-their-own-internet

.分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)ixBelfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs

|

Harvard

Kennedy

SchoolEven

though

the

recommendations

in

this

report

primarily

focus

on

the

effect

of

publicpolicy

decisions

or

inaction

coupled

with

marketplace

dynamics,

there

is

an

implicit

callfor

both

public

and

private

entities

to

examine

how

their

roles

–

including

strategic

silence–

have

contributed

to

digital

inequality.

Public

policy

changes

are

only

ceremonial

withoutconfronting

the

underbelly

of

how

technology

and

telecommunications

regulations

aremade.

Moreover,

permanently

eliminating

digital

divides

necessitates

deliberate

reflectionon

whose

voices

and

stories

actually

inform

remedies,

which

can

differ

from

those

thatpolicy

proposals

are

purported

to

help.Clearly,

the

consequences

of

the

digital

divide

go

far

beyond

the

estimated

nineteen

millionhouseholds

that

do

not

have

a

single

household

on

their

census

block

that

can

subscribeto

broadband

service.4

The

economic

impact

of

persistent

digital

inequities,

which

alsoexacerbate

other

societal

inequalities,

causes

a

ripple

effect

in

local

and

state

economiesin

addition

to

hobbling

domestic

productivity

and

competitiveness.

Separate

but

related,when

unequal

access

to

financial

resources

plays

such

a

central

role

in

building

assets

andtransmitting

intergenerational

wealth,

ensuring

that

all

Americans,

particularly

thosetrapped

in

cycles

of

poverty,

have

reliable

access

to

a

known

economic

enabler

is

essential,especially

when

it

improves

agility

in

a

rapidly

changing

digital

economy.5There

is

a

direct

correlation

between

the

digital

divide

and

income

inequality.

For

digitalcitizens

–

those

with

ready

access

to

broadband

connections,

computing

devices,

digitalskills,

and

the

ability

to

contribute

to

a

digital

society

–

technology

accelerates

earningpower

and

career

opportunities.

Both

are

critical

for

transforming

income

into

wealth.Conversely,

those

with

marginal

to

no

connectivity

have

significantly

different

economicoutcomes

and

frequently

rely

on

manual

labor

or

jobs

that

pay

lower

wages.Benchmarks

of

connectivity

will

continue

to

evolve

with

innovation.

Unless

public

policystrategies

recognize

the

digital

divide

as

a

dynamic,

multi-dimensional

problem

thatdemands

sustainable

solutions

for

access

and

adoption

challenges,

it

will

be

impossible

tocontain

the

economic

fallout.

The

consequences

limit

education,

economic

development,wellness

outcomes,

government

service

delivery

options,

access

to

emergency

services,civic

engagement,

and

more

for

the

digitally

disadvantaged.

These

vulnerabilities

warrantthoughtful,

long-term

interventions

that

meet

the

enormity

of

the

problem.4“FCC

Annual

Broadband

Report

Shows

Digital

Divide

Is

Rapidly

Closing,”

Federal

Communications

Commission,

January

19,

2021,5John

Jerrim

and

Lindsey

Macmillan,

“Income

Inequality,

Intergenerational

Mobility,

and

the

Great

Gatsby

Curve:

Is

Education

theKey?,”

Social

Forces

94,

no.

2

(September

2015):

pp.

505-533,

/10.1093/sf/sov075

.商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔

/document/fcc-annual-broadband-report-shows-digital-divide-rapidly-closing

.分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)x

Adobe

Stock

ImageThe

Economic

Consequences

and

Generational

Impact

of

the

Digital

Divide商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔分析報(bào)告文檔隨著各種問題的不斷出現(xiàn)，對(duì)策建議類調(diào)研報(bào)告成為了越來越重要的工具，可以幫助企業(yè)和組織制定有效的戰(zhàn)略和方案。本次調(diào)研共收集了31篇有關(guān)對(duì)策建議類調(diào)研報(bào)告，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些有趣且關(guān)鍵的共性和差異。首先，從研究內(nèi)容來看，這些報(bào)告所關(guān)注的問題是非常多樣化的。其中有些報(bào)告關(guān)注的是社會(huì)問題和政策，如貧困和教育問題，而另外一些報(bào)告則更加關(guān)注企業(yè)和組織的內(nèi)部問題，如管理和市場(chǎng)營銷。這種多樣性并不能算是這些報(bào)告的缺陷，相反，它說明我們的社會(huì)和組織面臨的挑戰(zhàn)十分繁多，需要我們從各個(gè)方面入手才能夠解決問題。其次，這些報(bào)告在調(diào)查方法和數(shù)據(jù)分析方面也存在差異。大部分的報(bào)告采用了定性和定量結(jié)合的方式，通過問卷調(diào)查、實(shí)地考察和專家訪談等方式收集數(shù)據(jù)。然而，也有一些報(bào)告采用了更為創(chuàng)新的技術(shù)，如大數(shù)據(jù)分析和人工智能技術(shù)。這些新技術(shù)雖然還處于試驗(yàn)階段，但它們可能會(huì)以越來越多的方式成為調(diào)研方法的重要組成部分。最后，這些報(bào)告在對(duì)策和建議方面表現(xiàn)出了不同的風(fēng)格和實(shí)用性。有些報(bào)告提出了具有長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的行動(dòng)方案，而另外一些則更注重于針對(duì)特定問題提供現(xiàn)實(shí)可行的解決方案。這些不同的風(fēng)格反映了報(bào)告的作者們的不同經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專業(yè)背景，并吸引了各個(gè)方面的讀者。商業(yè)調(diào)研分析報(bào)告作用行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)1Belfer

Center

for

Science

and

International

Affairs

|

Harvard

Kennedy

SchoolIntricacies

Of

TheDigital

DivideThe

National

Telecommunications

and

Information

Administration(“NTIA”)

coined

the

phrase

the

“digital

divide”

in

a

1998

report.6

Itfound

that

while

Internet

access

via

computer

continued

to

penetratehouseholds

nationwide,

trends

as

to

who

was

and

was

not

ableto

get

online

were

heavily

influenced

by

race,

income,

and

otherdemographics.7

As

the

digital

divide

became

an

eventual

fixture

incommunities

of

all

sizes

and

geographies,

it

transitioned

from

beinga

term

of

art

for

government

agencies

to

one

that

has

been

adoptedinto

dictionaries,

research,

and

encyclopedias

in

various

forms.Merriam-Webster

defines

the

digital

divide

as

“the

economic,educational,

and

social

inequalities

between

those

who

havecomputers

and

online

access

and

those

who

do

not.”8

The

CambridgeDictionary

characterizes

it

as

a

“problem,”

stating

that

some

membersof

society

do

not

have

the

opportunity

or

knowledge

to

use

computersand

the

internet

that

others

have.9

Important

context

that

has

yet

tobe

captured

in

any

definition

is

that

the

digital

divide

is

a

man-madeconstruct

that

may

take

as

long

to

dismantle

as

it

did

to

create.Definitions

for

digital

equity

also

vary.

In

essence,

it

refers

toan

approach,

informs

how

digital

divides

should

be

addressed,and

is

based

on

a

foundational

belief

that

every

person

–regardless

of

income

or

geography

–

should

not

only

have

reliableaccess

to

highspeed

connectivity

but

also

the

tools

to

benefitfrom

advances

in

technology.

Achieving

digitally

equitableoutcomes

requires

a

combination

of

remedial

programs

andforward-looking

public

policies.

As

long

as

digital

inequitiesprevent

residents

from

being

able

to

achieve

full

participation678“Falling

through

the

Net

II:

New

Data

on

the

Digital

Divide,”

National

Telecommunications

andInformation

Administration,

accessed

April

1,

2022,

/ntiahome/net2

.Ibid.“Digital

Divide

Definition

&

Meaning,”

Merriam-Webster

(Merriam-Webster),

accessed

April

1,

2022,/dictionary/digital%20divide

.9Ibid.商業(yè)分析研究報(bào)告文檔分析報(bào)告文檔行業(yè)文檔手冊(cè)2The

Economic

Consequences

and

Generational

Impact

of

the

Digital

Dividein

a

digital

society,

there

is

a

cost

that

is

discriminately

shared

bythe

people

and

entities

that

disconnected

households

touch.Digital

inequities

are

caused

by

a

confluence

of

public

policy

decisionsor

inaction

and

marketplace

norms

which,

coupled

together,

prop

updigital

divides.

Conditions

in

the

broadband

landscape

that

perpetuatedigtial

inequality

include

but

are

not

limited

to:

(a)

decades

of

publicpolicy

has

allowed

broadband

deployment

to

be

governed

by

supplyand

demand

principles

instead

of

treating

Internet

access

and

adoptionas

a

necessity;10

(b)

markets

with

limited

competition

ensure

thatmillions

of

consumers

only

have

one

or

two

choices

in

broadbandproviders;11

(c)

federal

and

state

grant

progra