2022-2023學年陜西省寶雞市陳倉區(qū)等高二（下）期中英語試卷-普通用卷

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年陜西省寶雞市陳倉區(qū)等高二（下）期中英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）AWearelookingforenergeticvolunteerswhomightbewillingtovolunteertheirtime.It'sagreatwaytobuildyourvolunteerexperience，getinvolvedinyourcommunity，meetnewpeopleandshowyourpride.

ComputerTeacher

Thecomputerteacherwillberesponsibleforteachingolderadultscomputerskills，includingbasicskillssuchasturningoncomputerormoremediaskillssuchassettingupemail.Thispositionrequirespatience，dedicationandlonghoursonyourfeet.Computerskillsneeded.AskMandy，01313377227.

MealsonWheels

Doyouhavetimeinyourscheduletomakeadifferenceinthelivesofseniorsinyourcommunity？MealsonWheelsdriversdelivernutritiouslunchtimemealstohomeboundseniorsonweekdaysfrom11a.m.to1p.m.Ouraimistohelpseniorswhoareunabletogooutthemselvesduetoageordisability.Avaliddriver'slicenseandpersonalvehicleisrequired.CallLucy，（781）2727177.

TreeNurseryVolunteer

Tasksaredifferentaccordingtoseason，butmayinclude：collectingtreeseedsfromancientwoodland，preparingseedsforsowing，plantingtreesandtreeaftercare.Someoftheworkisphysicalandoutdoors，otherssuchasseedpreparationcanbedoneindoors.Noexperienceisnecessary，butaknowledgeorinterestinbotanywouldcertainlybehelpful.AskAmrita，07748623073.

PhotographyVolunteer

Ifyouhaveatalentforphotography，thismaybetheroleforyou.Weneedsomeonewhocantakegreatphotosforpostersandwebsites.Weespeciallyneedphotosofoureventsandvolunteers.Thisisagreatopportunitytogainvaluableworkexperience.You'llalsogainthesatisfactionofseeingyourworkbeingdisplayedontheNationalTrustwebsiteandinliterature.AskSarah，01248600954.1.Ifyou'reagooddriverowningacarandwanttohelpout，youmaycontact______.A.Mandy B.Lucy C.Amrita D.Sarah2.Whichkindofvoluntaryworkdoesn'trequirespecialexperienceorskills？______A.ComputerTeacher. B.MealsonWheels.

C.TreeNurseryVolunteer. D.PhotographyVolunteer.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？______A.Acomputerteacherwillhavetowalkalongdistanceforthejob.

B.MealsonWheelsvolunteerswillcooklunchfortheelderlywhoareinneedofhelp.

C.Fortreenurseryvolunteersthejobmayvarywithseasonandworkplacemaychange.

D.Aphotographyvolunteerneedsexperienceintakingphotosforpostersandwebsites.BHumanshavebeenkeepinganimalsaspetsfortensofthousandsofyears，butDrJean-LoupRault，ananimalscientistattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustralia，believesnewcompanionsarecoming：robotpets.

"Technologyismovingveryfast，"RaulttoldABCNews，"TheTamagotchiintheearly1990swasreallythefirstroboticpet，andnowSonyandotherbigcompanieshaveimprovedthemalot."

Thismaynotsitwellwithpetlovers.Afterall，whowouldchooseaplastictoyinsteadofalovelypuppy？ButRaultarguesthatmanypeoplearegoingforit："Youdon'thavetofeedit，youdon'thavetowalkit，itwon'tmakeamessinyourhouse，andyoucangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty."Thetechnologyalsobenefitsthosewhoareallergictopets，shortonspace，orfearfulofrealanimals.

It'snotclearwhetherrobotpetscanreplacerealones.Butstudiesdosuggestthatwecandevelopdeepbondwiththesesmartmachines.Peoplegivetheircarsnamesandkidsgivetheirtoyanimalslifestories.It'sthesamewithrobots.WhenSonystoppeditsrepairserviceforitsrobotdogAiboinMarch2014，ownersinJapanheldfunerals.

Asananimalwelfareresearcher，Raultisconcernedabouthowroboticpetscouldaffectourattitudestowardsliveanimals."Ifwebecomeusedtoaroboticcompanionthatdoesn'tneedfood，waterorexercises，perhapsitwillchangehowhumanscareaboutotherlivingbeings，"hesaid.

Soaredogsandcatsathingofthepast，asRaultpredicts？Forthosewhogrewupwithlivingandbreathingpets，themechanicalkindmightnotdo.Butforournextgenerationwhoareinconstanttouchwithsmarttechnology，afutureinwhichlovelypetsneedn'thaveaheartbeatmightnotbeafar-fetcheddream.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"sitwellwith"means？______A.berefusedby B.bebeneficialto

C.makeadifferenceto D.receivesupportfrom5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofrobotpets？______A.Ownersdon'thavetofeedorwalkthem.

B.Theywon'tmakeamessinyourhouse.

C.Theycanhelpcureallergies.

D.Ownerscangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty.6.WhydidownersofrobotdogAiboholdfuneralsfortheirdogs？______A.BecauseSonystoppeditsrepairserviceforAiboin2014.

B.Becausetheyhaddevelopeddeepbondwiththeirrobotdog.

C.Becausetheywouldnolongerhaveroboticpetsinthefuture.

D.Becausetheirattitudestowardsliveanimalswereaffected.7.Thepassagemainlytellsus______.A.theadvantagesofrobottoys B.thepopularityofrobotpets

C.livingpetsaredyingout D.robotpetsarecomingCSomethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUKresearchers.

Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.

TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.-Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful.itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflife.andthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem."saidProfessorPeterBarnes.

Tenhealthyvolunteersweregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine.duringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin.whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinesaresloppingcoughs.

Theteamfoundthat.whenthevolunteersweregiventheobromine,thecapsaicinneededtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeine.theyneededonlyslightlyhigherlevelsofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.

Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownanerveactivity（神經(jīng)活動），whichcausescoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatments,theobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.8.AccordingtoProfessorBarnes,theobromine______.A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeine

B.canbeharmfultopeople'shealth

C.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolate

D.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs9.Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing？______A.Theobromine. B.Codeine. C.Capsaicin. D.Placebo.10.Welearnfromthetextthatvolunteersintheexperiment______.A.werepatientswithbadcoughs B.weredividedintothreegroups

C.receivedstandardtreatments D.sufferedlittlesideeffects11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.ChocolateMayCureCoughs. B.Codeine：ANewMedicine.

C.CoughTreatment：AHardCase. D.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs.D

Everybodyhatesrats.Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld—Japan,ratsareAngels.Turkey-ratswillsoonbeman'snewbestfriends.

Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescuerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan'tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.

Howdoesitwork?First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat'sbraingivesasignal(信號).Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsbackandthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat'sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmelledthatperson.

Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.ChristianLinteratCornellUniversityNewYorksays."Robots'nosesdon'tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat."Ratscanalsoseeinthedark.Theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon'tneedelectricity!

The"ratproject"isnotfinished,butJulieRyanofInternationalRescueCorpsinScotlandsays."Itwouldbewonderful.Aratcouldgetintospaceswecouldn'tgettoandaratwouldgetoutifitwasn'tsafe."Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).12.Intheworldearthquakecapitals,ratswillbecomeman'sbestfriendsbecausetheycan______.A.taketheplaceofman'srescuejobs

B.findthepositionofpeoplealivewhoaretrappedinbuildings

C.serveasfoodforpeoplealivewhoaretrappedinbuildings

D.getintosmallspaces13.Therescuerscanjudgeapersonisaliveby______.A.thenoisemadebytherat

B.therat'sunusualbehavior

C.thesignalsentbytheradioontherat'sback

D.thesmellgivenoffbytheperson14.Indoingrescuejobs,______.A.ratssmellbetterthandogs

B.dogsdon'tneedtobetrainedtosmellpeople

C.ratscanseeinthedarkandsmallerthanalltherobots

D.robots'senseofsmellcanbeaffectedbyothersmellsaround15.RatshaveallthefollowingadvantagesEXCEPTthat______.A.theyaremorewonderfulthanotheranimals

B.theyarelessexpensivetotrainthandogs

C.theydon'tneedelectricity

D.theyaresmallandcangetintosmallplaces二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）MakingPeacewithYourParentsAsateen，you'regoingthroughbigchangesphysicallyandmentally.Yourinterestsareincreasing.（1）______Sometimesconflictscan'tbeavoided.Butbypayingattentiontothebuildingblocksofsuccessfulrelationships，youcanworktowardsmakinghomeahappyandhealthyplaceforyouandyourparents.

Forinstance，trytofindatimetotalkwhenyourparentsarenotangry，tired，distractedorhungry.Agoodtimetotalkiswhenyou'reallrelaxed.Timingiseverything.Iftheconversationbeginstoturnintoanargument，you'dbettercalmlyandcoollyasktostoptheconversationfornow.（2）______Listentowhatyourparentsaresaying，andrepeatitbacktothem.Thisshowsthemthatyou'relistening.（3）______Respectisthebuildingblockofgoodcommunication.Peoplewhorespecteachotherandcareabouteachother'sfeelingscandisagreewithoutgettingthingsugly.（4）______Howdoyoubuildtrust？Trustcomesbyactuallydoingwhatyousayyou'regoingtodo.Someteensfindthatdoingfunactivitieswiththeirparentscanimprovetheirrelationships.Sometimesweforgetthatparentsaremorethanrule-maker-they'reinterestingpeoplewholiketowatchmoviesandgoshopping-justliketheirteenagers!

Whatdoyoudoifyouaretryingyourbest，butyourrelationshipwithyourparentscontinuestoberocky？（5）______Youcanfindsupportiveadults，suchasateacheroracoach，whocanlendanear.Rememberyoucanonlychangeyourownbehavior.Yourparentsaretheonlyoneswhocanchangetheirs.

A.Italsogivesthemachancetoclearthingsupifyou'renotonthesamepage.

B.Youcanpickitupagainwheneveryone'smorerelaxed.

C.Andthenyou'llbeabletoacceptwhatyourparentssay.

D.Facedwiththechallenge，childrendon'tknowwhattodo.

E.Youaremorelikelytogetalongwithyourparentsandhavemoreindependenceifyourparentsbelieveinyou.

F.Andyourdesiretotakecontrolofyourownlifeisgrowing.

G.Youmayconsiderseekingoutsidehelp.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）Anotherperson'senthusiasmwaswhatsetmemovingtowardthesuccessIhaveachieved.Thatpersonwasmystepmother.

IwasnineyearsoldwhensheenteredourhomeinruralVirginia.Myfather（1）______metoherwiththesewords："Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois（2）______forbeingtheworstboyinthiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyouno（3）______thantomorrowmorning."

Mystepmotherwalkedovertome，（4）______myheadslightlyupward，andlookedmerightintheeye.Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied，"Youare（5）______.Thisisnottheworstboyatall，（6）______thesmartestonewhohasn'tyetfoundanoutlet（釋放的途徑）forhisenthusiasm."

Thatstatementbegana（n）（7）______betweenus.Noonehadevercalledmesmart.Myfamilyandneighborshadbuiltmeupinmy（8）______asabadboy.Mystepmotherchangedallthat.

Shechangedmanythings.She（9）______myfathertogotoadentalschool，fromwhichhegraduatedwithhonors.Shemovedourfamilyintothecountyseat，wheremyfather'scareercouldbemore（10）______andmybrothersandIcouldbebetter（11）______.

WhenIturnedfourteen，sheboughtmeasecondhand（12）______andtoldmethatshebelievedthatIcouldbecomeawriter.Iknewherenthusiasm，I（13）______it，andIsawhowithadalreadyimprovedourlives.Iacceptedher（14）______andbegantowriteforlocalnewspapers.Iwasdoingthesamekindof（15）______thatgreatdayIwenttointerviewAndrewCarnegieandreceivedthetaskwhichbecamemylife'sworklater.Iwasn'tthe（16）______beneficiary（受益者）.Myfatherbecamethe（17）______manintown.Mybrothersandstepbrothersbecameaphysician，adentist，alawyer，andacollegepresident.

Whatpower（18）______has!Whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone'spurposeandis（19）______strengthenedbyfaith，itbecomesanirresistible（不可抗拒的）forcewhichpovertyandtemporarydefeatcannever（20）______.

Youcancommunicatethatpowertoanyonewhoneedsit.Thisisprobablythegreatestworkyoucandowithyourenthusiasm.21.

A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced22.

A.favored B.famous C.mistaken D.rewarded23.

A.more B.longer C.later D.sooner24.

A.dragged B.raised C.shook D.bent25.

A.wrong B.right C.perfect D.impolite26.

A.but B.so C.and D.or27.

A.agreement B.friendship C.war D.relationship28.

A.opinion B.mind C.expectation D.image29.

A.begged B.persuaded C.ordered D.invited30.

A.successful B.meaningful C.helpful D.useful31.

A.treated B.entertained C.educated D.respected32.

A.camera B.radio C.bicycle D.typewriter33.

A.considered B.suspected C.ignored D.appreciated34.

A.belief B.demand C.arrangement D.description35.

A.teaching B.studying C.writing D.reading36.

A.next B.same C.only D.real37.

A.cleverest B.healthiest C.strongest D.wealthiest38.

A.sympathy B.enthusiasm C.fortune D.confidence39.

A.annually B.vividly C.constantly D.approvingly40.

A.win B.match C.reach D.doubt四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.It'seasyforyoutostartsmoking，butonceyoubecomeaddicted，youmayfind（1）______difficulttoquit.Firstly，youmaybecome（2）______（physical）addictedtonicotine，a（3）______（harm）chemicalthatconsistsincigarettes.Secondly，youmaydevelopthehabitofsmoking（4）______becomementallyaddictedtoit，believingthatyouwillonlyfeelgoodwhenyousmoke.Smokingmayhaveallkindsofterrible（5）______（effect）onthehealthofbothsmokersthemselvesandnon-smokersaroundthem.Itnotonlyaffectsyourphysical（6）______（fit），butalsodoesharm（7）______yourheartandlungsand（8）______（cause）avarietyofdiseases.Beingasmoker，theoffensivesmellandappearanceofyoumaydrivepeoplearoundyouaway.

So，it'simportantthatonequitsmokingandlive（9）______healthierlife.Toquitsmoking，youshouldbewell-preparedandmakealistofallthebenefitsyoumaygetafterquitting.Developingsomenewhabitslikelisteningtomusic，readingnovelsordoinghouseworkmaydistractyourattentionandhelpyougiveup（10）______（smoke）.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文.文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處.每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改.

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞.

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉.

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分.

IhavemetmanyteacherssinceIbeginmyschooling.Mrs.Greenisoneoftheteacherwhohaveimpressedmemost.Thoughinhisfifties，Mrs.Greenstilllooksyoung.Comparingwithotherteachers，shepaysmoreattentiontoherwayofteaching.Shetriesvariouswaystomakeherclasslivelyandinterestingly.Inheropinion，wewillnotonlyknow"what"alsounderstand"why".Soinsteadofgivingusanswersimmediately，sheencouragesustothinkcarefullyeverytimewhensheputsforwardquestions.Underherhelp，we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblemsbyourselves.Whattheamazingworldof"why"shehasledusinto!Sheissoalearnedandthoughtfulteacherthatwealladmireherverymuch.六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國文學很感興趣，并請你向他推薦一部優(yōu)秀的中國文學作品.請你給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：

1.書的題目和作者；

2.書的主要內(nèi)容；

3.你的推薦理由.

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫.

開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)

DearJim，

KnowingthatyouareinterestedinChineseliterature，______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、C【解析】（1）B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Meals

on

Wheels部分"Avaliddriver'slicenseandpersonalvehicleisrequired．CallLucy，（781）2727177．需要有效的駕駛執(zhí)照和私家車．請致電露西（781）2727177．"可知如果你是一個有車的好司機并且想幫忙，你可以聯(lián)系

Lucy．故選B．

（2）C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Tree

Nursery

Volunteer部分"No

experience

is

necessary，but

a

knowledge

or

interest

in

botany

would

certainly

be

helpful．沒有經(jīng)驗是必要的，但對植物學的知識或興趣肯定會有幫助．"可知TreeNurseryVolunteer志愿工作不需要特殊的經(jīng)驗或技能．故選C．

（3）C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)Tree

Nursery

Volunteer部分"Tasks

are

different

according

to

season，but

may

include：collecting

tree

seeds

from

ancient

woodland，preparing

seeds

for

sowing，planting

trees

and

tree

aftercare．Some

of

the

work

is

physical

and

outdoors，others

such

as

seed

preparation

can

be

done

indoors．根據(jù)季節(jié)的不同，任務(wù)可能有所不同，但可能包括：從古老的林地收集樹木種子，準備播種種子，植樹和樹木的善后工作．有些工作是體力勞動和戶外工作，有些工作如種子準備可以在室內(nèi)進行．"可知對于苗圃志愿者來說，工作可能會隨著季節(jié)和工作地點的變化而變化．故選C．

本文是一篇廣告類閱讀．主要介紹了社區(qū)招聘志愿者的相關(guān)信息．

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．

4~7.【答案】D、C、B、D【解析】（1）D．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"This

may

not

sitwellwith

pet

lovers．After

all，who

would

choose

a

plastic

toy

instead

of

a

lovely

puppy？寵物愛好者可能不會喜歡這樣．畢竟，誰會選擇一個塑料玩具，而不是一只可愛的小狗？"可以推斷出寵物愛好者并不接受機器寵物．所以劃線詞的意思是"接受"，A．be

refused

by被拒絕；B．be

beneficial

to有益于；C．make

a

difference

to改變；D．receive

support

from接受來自的支持．故選D．

（2）C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段中的"Youdon'thavetofeedit，youdon'thavetowalkit，itwon'tmakeamessinyourhouse，andyoucangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty．"機器寵物無需喂養(yǎng)，不用陪著散步，也不會把家里弄得一團糟，你出門度假時也不必感到愧疚．以及"Thetechnologyalsobenefitsthosewhoareallergictopets，shortonspace，orfearfulofrealanimals"這一技術(shù)對那些對寵物過敏，空間狹小或害怕真的動物的人大有益處．"可知ABD都是優(yōu)點，但是它并不能治療過敏，所以C不是．故選C．

（3）B．推理判斷題，根據(jù)第四段"It'snotclearwhetherrobotpetscanreplacerealones．Butstudiesdosuggestthatwecandevelopdeepbondwiththesesmartmachines．Peoplegivetheircarsnamesandkidsgivetheirtoyanimalslifestories．It'sthesamewithrobots．WhenSonystoppeditsrepairserviceforitsrobotdogAiboinMarch2014，ownersinJapanheldfunerals．現(xiàn)在還不清楚機器寵物是否能取代真正的寵物．但是研究表明，我們可以和這些智能機器建立深厚的聯(lián)系．人們給他們的車起名字，孩子們給他們的玩具動物講故事．機器人也是一樣．2014年3月，索尼停止了機器狗Aibo的維修服務(wù)，日本的主人們舉行了葬禮．"可知機器人狗愛波的主人會為他們的狗舉行葬禮是因為人們與他們的機器人寵物建立牢固的紐帶．故選B．

（4）D．主旨大意題．縱觀全文可知，本文講述了機器寵物的時代即將來臨，故選D．

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了機器人寵物即將進入我們的生活，同時介紹了他們的優(yōu)點．

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．

8~11.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine（他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，可可中的可可堿止咳效果比可待因高出近三分之一）可知，巴恩斯教授表示，可可堿可以更有效地治療咳嗽。故選D。

（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicin,whichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.（研究人員隨后測量了辣椒素的水平，辣椒素在研究中被用來引起咳嗽，并作為一種藥物止咳效果的標志。）可知，實驗中辣椒素是用來引起咳嗽的。故選C。

（3）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Tenhealthyvolunteers（志愿者）weregiventheobromine,codeineorplacebo,apillthatcontainsnomedicine,duringtheexperiment.（在實驗中，10名健康的志愿者分別服用了可可堿、可待因或安慰劑（一種不含藥物成分的藥丸）。）可知，參加實驗的志愿者被分成了三組。故選B。

（4）A.標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Somethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicines,sayUKresearchers.（英國研究人員稱，巧克力中的某些成分可以用來止咳，從而產(chǎn)生更有效的藥物。）和文章第二段Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine,foundincocoa,wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine,whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.（他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在可可中發(fā)現(xiàn)的可可堿的止咳效果比可待因高出近三分之一，可待因被認為是目前最好的止咳藥。）可知，文章主要講述了巧克力里面的可可堿可能能夠治愈咳嗽。Chocolate

May

Cure

Coughs是最合適的標題。故選A。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了對巧克力中可可堿獨特的治療咳嗽的功效的對比研究，證明可可堿是未來有效的治療咳嗽的良藥。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

12~15.【答案】B、C、D、A【解析】【文章大意】本文為一篇說明文。老鼠在地震后能夠成為人類的好幫手。它能幫助定位困住的幸存者，從而方便救援者開展施救工作。

1.

根據(jù)第二段Dogssavelives...Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.（狗拯救生命。它們幫助救援人員找到活著的人。但是狗太大了，它們無法進入狹小的空間。所以現(xiàn)在一個新的研究項目正在使用一種更小的動物來拯救生命：老鼠。）及第三段描寫老鼠救援過程可知，老鼠在地震中能找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故選B。

2.

根據(jù)第三段Whenthishappens,therat'sbraingivesasignal...someoneisalive.（當這種情況發(fā)生時，老鼠的大腦會發(fā)出信號。這會發(fā)送到它背上的一個小型無線電，然后救援人員跟蹤無線電信號。當老鼠的大腦活動跳躍時，救援人員就知道有人還活著。）可知，救援人員可以通過老鼠身上的無線電信號來判斷一個人是否還活著。故選C。

3.

根據(jù)第四段ChristianLinteratCornellUniversityNewYorksays."Robots'nosesdon'tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat."（紐約康奈爾大學的克里斯蒂安?林特說：“當周圍有其他氣味時，機器人的鼻子就不能正常工作。老鼠擅長于此?！保┛芍?，機器人的嗅覺會受到周圍其他氣味的影響，故選D。

4.

根據(jù)文章第二段Butdogsarebigandtheycan'tgetintosmallspaces.（但是狗太大了，它們不能進入小空間。）；根據(jù)第四段Theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs（它們比狗更便宜，訓練起來也更快）；根據(jù)第四段theydon'tneedelectricity!（它們不需要電?。〢沒有提及。故選A。

16~20.【答案】F、B、A、E、G【解析】（1）F．邏輯推理題．根據(jù)前句Your

interests

are

increasing表示"你的興趣正在增長"，可知表示"你想掌控自己生活的愿望也在增長"的選項F符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，所以答案是F．

（2）B．細節(jié)推理題．根據(jù)前句

If

the

conversation

begins

to

turn

into

an

argument，you'd

better

calmly

and

coolly

ask

to

stop

the

conversation

for

now表示"如果談話開始變成爭論，你最好冷靜冷靜地要求暫時停止談話"，可知表示"當大家都比較放松的時候，你可以再來一次"的選項B符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，所以答案是B．

（3）A．細節(jié)推理題．根據(jù)前句People

who

respect

each

other

and

care

about

each

other's

feelings

can

disagree

without

getting

things

ugly表示"互相尊重、關(guān)心對方感受的人可以不同意而不會讓事情變得難看"，可知表示"如果你們意見不一致，這也給了他們一個澄清問題的機會"的選項A符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，所以答案是A．

（4）E．細節(jié)推理題．根據(jù)后句How

do

you

build

trust？表示"你如何建立信任？"，可知表示"如果你的父母相信你，你就更有可能和你的父母和睦相處，有更多的獨立性"的選項E符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，所以答案是E．

（5）G．細節(jié)推理題．根據(jù)后句You

can

find

supportive

adults，such

as

a

teacher

or

a

coach，who

can

lend

an

ear表示"你可以找到支持你的成年人，例如老師或教練，他們可以傾聽你的意見"，可知表示"你可以考慮尋求外部幫助"的選項G符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，所以答案是G．

作為一個青少年，你的身心都在經(jīng)歷巨大的變化．有時候沖突是無法避免的．但是，通過關(guān)注成功關(guān)系的基石，你可以努力讓家成為你和你父母快樂和健康的地方．本文介紹了一些有效的方法．

七選五題型考查學生把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關(guān)系和把握微觀信息間關(guān)聯(lián)性這種題一般可從以下方面來做：

（1）看首段，跳過空格快速通讀全篇，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章大意．首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義．

（2）精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格．七選五空出的是整個句子，可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關(guān)性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關(guān)聯(lián)性，從而選擇正確的答案．

（3）看選項，找出與空前空后句中心詞同義，近義或相關(guān)性的詞語．實現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞的對接，先易后難，各個突破．通過閱讀選項，有可能根據(jù)選項中的關(guān)鍵詞找出正確選項．

（4）注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標志詞．查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力．

最后，用代入法，檢查答案是否合理，將所有選擇答案放回空白處，通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否語義連貫合理、緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確．

21~40.【答案】D、B、C、B、A、A、B、B、B、A、C、D、D、A、C、C、D、B、C、B【解析】（1）D．考查動詞及語境理解．A．rushed急忙；B．sent發(fā)送；C．carried搬運；D．introduced介紹．句意：父親把我介紹給她時說："我想讓你見見這個家伙，他在縣上以最壞的男孩子著稱，最遲明天早上他就會向你扔石頭．"根據(jù)后文metoherwiththesewords?????：Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellow

???????可知，父親把作者介紹（introduce）給繼母．故選D．

（2）B．考查形容詞及語境理解．A．favored支持；B．famous出名的；C．mistaken弄錯的；D．rewarded獎勵．句意：父親把我介紹給她時說："我想讓你見見這個家伙，他在縣上以最壞的男孩子著稱，最遲明天早上他就會向你扔石頭．"根據(jù)后文forbeingtheworstboyinthiscounty可知父親說作者在縣上以最壞的男孩子著稱．短語befamousfor表示"因……而出名"．故選B．

（3）C．考查副詞短語及語境理解．A．no

morethan不多于；B．nolongerthan不早于；C．nolaterthan不遲于；D．nosoonerthan一……就，不早于．句意：父親把我介紹給她時說："我想讓你見見這個家伙，他在縣上以最壞的男孩子著稱，最遲明天早上他就會向你扔石頭．"可知，父親為了形容作者是個壞男孩，說最晚不遲于（nolaterthan）明天早上作者就會朝繼母扔石頭．故選C．

（4）B．考查動詞及語境理解．A．dragged拖動；B．raised提高；抬起；C．shook搖晃；D．bent彎曲．句意：我的繼母走到我跟前，把我的頭微微抬起來，直視著我的眼睛．由后文中的upward（向上）可知，繼母向上抬起（raise）作者的頭，然后直視著作者的眼睛．故選B．

（5）A．考查形容詞及語境理解．A．wrong錯誤的；B．right正確的；C．perfect完美的；D．impolite無禮的．句意：你錯了．這根本不是最壞的孩子，而是最聰明的孩子，他還沒有找到發(fā)泄自己熱情的出口．由Thisisnottheworstboyatall…thesmartestone可知，繼母否定了父親的說法，說作者并不是最壞的孩子，而是最聰明的孩子．所以父親的觀點在繼母眼中是錯誤的（wrong）．故選A．

（6）A．考查連詞及語境理解．A．but但是；B．so因此；C．a(chǎn)nd并且；D．or或者．句意：你錯了．這根本不是最壞的孩子，而是最聰明的孩子，他還沒有找到發(fā)泄自己熱情的出口．此處not…but…為固定搭配，表示"不是……而是……"，故選A．

（7）B．考查名詞及語境理解．A．a(chǎn)greement同意；B．friendship友誼；C．war戰(zhàn)爭；D．relationship關(guān)系．句意：那句話開始了我們之間的友誼．由后文Noonehadevercalledmesmart．可知，繼母的觀點使他們之間產(chǎn)生了友誼（friendship）．故選B．

（8）B．考查名詞及語境理解．A．opinion觀點；B．mind意識，思維；C．expectation期望；D．image形象．句意：在我的意識中，我的家人和鄰居把我塑造成一個壞孩子．結(jié)合語境，在作者的意識（mind）中，家人和鄰里都把作者看成一個壞孩子．故選B．

（9）B．考查動詞及語境理解．A．begged懇求；B．persuaded說服；C．ordered命令；D．invited邀請．句意：她說服我父親去牙科學校，并以優(yōu)異的成績從那里畢業(yè)．根據(jù)后文可知，她想幫助父親獲得事業(yè)上的成功，因此此處應(yīng)為說服（persuade）父親去牙科學校．故選B．

（10）A．考查形容詞及語境理解．A．successful成功的；B．meaningful有意義的；C．helpful有幫助的；D．useful有用的．句意：她把家搬到了縣政府所在地，這樣我父親的事業(yè)就會更成功，我哥哥和我也會受到更好的教育．由wheremyfather'scareercouldbemore…可知，在那里父親的事業(yè)變得更成功（successful）．故選A．

（11）C．考查動詞及語境理解．A．treated對待；B．entertained娛樂；C．educated教育；D．respected尊敬．句意：她把家搬到了縣政府所在地，這樣我父親的事業(yè)就會更成功，我哥哥和我也會受到更好的教育．由上文中的theworstboy可知，作者當時因未受到良好的教育而變成了一個"壞孩子"，因此繼母認為作者的兄弟和作者在那里可以更好地受教育（educate）．故選C．

（12）D．考查名詞及語境理解．A．camera照相機；B．radio收音機；C．bicycle自行車；D．typewriter打字機．句意：當我14歲時，她給我買了一臺二手打字機，告訴我她相信我能成為一名作家．由下文toldmethatshebelievedthatIcouldbecomeawriter可知繼母希望作者能夠成為一個作家，四個選項中只有typewriter（打字機）與寫作有關(guān)．故選D．

（13）D．考查動詞及語境理解．A．considered考慮；B．suspected懷疑；C．ignored忽視；D．a(chǎn)ppreciated欣賞．句意：我了解她的熱情，我感激她的熱情，我看到她的熱情已經(jīng)改善了我們的生活．由下文中的improveourlives可知，作者非常感激（appreciate）繼母做出的努力給家里帶來的改變．故選D．

（14）A．考查名詞及語境理解．A．belief信念；B．demand要求；C．a(chǎn)rrangement安排；D．description描述．句意：我接受了她的信念，開始為當?shù)貓蠹堊澹畬?yīng)前文中的shebelievedthat，此處應(yīng)選用belief．故選A．

（15）C．考查名詞及語境理解．A．teaching教學；B．studying學習；C．writing寫作；D．reading閱讀．句意：在那個偉大的日子里，我也在做著同樣的寫作--我去采訪Andrew

Carnegie

，并接受了這個后來成為我畢生事業(yè)的任務(wù)．上文shebelievedthatIcouldbecomeawriter提到繼母希望作者成為一名作家，因此后來作者從事了寫作（writing）的工作．故選C．

（16）C．考查形容詞及語境理解．A．next貼近的；B．same同樣的；C．only唯一的；D．real真的．句意：我不是唯一的受益者．由下文Myfatherbecame…Mybrotherandstepbrothersbecameaphysician，adentist，alawyer，andacollegepresident．可知，父親和哥哥弟弟也因此而受益，故作者不是唯一的（only）受益者．故選C．

（17）D．考查形容詞及語境理解．A．cleverest最聰明的；B．healthiest最健康的；C．strongest最強壯的；D．wealthiest最富有的．句意：我父親成了鎮(zhèn)上最富有的人．根據(jù)上文wheremyfather'scareercouldbemore…提及父親的事業(yè)變得更加成功，所以父親應(yīng)該是成為了最富有的（wealthy）人．故選D．

（18）B．考查名詞及語境理解．A．sympathy同情；B．enthusiasm熱情；C．fortune財富；D．confidence自信．句意：熱情有多大的力量??！根據(jù)全文文意可知，本文主要講的是熱情（enthusiasm）的力量．故選B．

（19）C．考查副詞及語境理解．A．a(chǎn)nnually每年；B．vividly生動地；C．constantly不斷地；經(jīng)常；D．a(chǎn)pprovingly支持地．句意：當這種力量被釋放出來，支持一個人確定的目標，并被信念不斷加強時，它就會成為一種不可抗拒的力量，貧窮和暫時的失敗是永遠無法匹敵的．由Whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone