大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用閱讀-試卷213

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）-試卷213(總分：60.00,做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、ReadingComprehension(總題數(shù)：8，分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00)PartIIIReadingComprehension解析：SectionA解析：Drought,tsunami,violentcrime,financialmeltdown—theworldisfullofrisks.Thepoorareoftenmost1totheireffects.Insteadof2respondingtocrises,aidworkersandpolicymakersshouldanticipateandhelptoguardagainstsuchrareand3disastrousevents.Aftertheworldsufferedmajorcrisesin2008,theconceptofriskmanagementhasgained4ininternationaldevelopment.Thelinksbetweenrisk,livelihoodsandpovertyarealltooclear.Mountingevidenceshowsthat5shocks—aboveall,healthandweathershocksandeconomiccrise-playamajorroleinpushinghouseholdsbelowthepovertylineandkeepingthemthere.Butforward-thinkinginterventionscanhelp6thecostsoffutureshocks.Bangladeshoffersagoodexample.In1970,alargetyphooncaused300,000deathsinBangladesh.In2007,atyphoonofthesame7andstrengthcausedonly4,000deaths.Thereasonforthechangewasthatthecountryhadbuiltanumberofshelters.Itwentfromhavingonly12sheltersin1970tohaving2,500in2007.Italsohadasystemofwarningthepopulationandasystemof8theseevents.Butriskmanagementisn,tjustaboutlesseningtheeffectsofcrises;itcanalsohelppeoplegetahead.FarmersinGhanaandIndiawhohadaccesstorainfallinsuranceweremorelikelyto9infertilizer,seeds,andotherfarminginputs,thereportsaid,insteadofsittingontheirmoneytoguardagainstpotentialfutureshocks.Severalrecentstudieshavepredictedthatextremeeventswillbecomemorecommon.Ifwefailtoanticipateandplanforthoseevents,thenwecould10givingupmanyofthedevelopmentgainsmadeoverthepastfewdecades.A)forecastingB)prominenceC)optimumD)vulnerableE)guidelinesF)motivateG)simplyH)riskI)adverseJ)investK)offsetL)paralyzingM)potentiallyN)primarilyO)characteristics（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00)填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：D）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：G）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：M）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：B）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：I）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：K）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：0）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：A）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：J）填空項(xiàng)1（正確答案：H）解析：解析：could提示空格應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞原形。本句大意是：如果不提前做好準(zhǔn)備，以前的大部分發(fā)展成果可能付諸東流。句子使用條件句，主句部分講的是某種可能性，risk"冒……的危險(xiǎn)”符合語(yǔ)義。4.SectionB解析：SecretE-Scores[A]Americansareobsessedwiththeirscores.Creditscores,G.P.A.'s,SAT,s,bloodpressureandcholesterol(膽固醇)levels—younameit.Sohere,sanewscoretoobsessabout:thee-score,anonlinecalculationthatisassuminganincreasinglyimportant,andcontroversial,roleine-commerce.[B]Thesedigitalscores,knownbroadlyasconsumervaluationorbuying-powerscores,measureourpotentialvalueascustomers.What,syoure-score?You,llprobablyneverknow.That,sbecausetheyarelargelyinvisibletothepublic.Buttheyarehighlyvaluabletocompaniesthatwant—orinsomecases,don,twant—tohaveyouastheircustomer.[C]Onlineconsumerscoresarecalculatedbyahandfulofstart-ups,aswellasafewfinancialservices,thatspecializeintheflourishingfieldofpredictiveconsumeranalytics.ItisaGooglelikebusiness,onefueledbyalmostunimaginableamountsofdataandpoweredbycomplexcomputeralgorithms（算法）.Theresultisaprivate,digitalrankingofAmericansocietyunlikeanythingthathascomebefore.Acompany,calledeBureau,developseScores—itsnameforcustomscoringalgorithms—topredictwhethersomeoneislikelytobecomeacustomer.GordyMeyer,thefounderandchiefexecutive,sayshissystemneedslessthanasecondtosizeupaconsumerandtotransmithisorherscoretoaneBureauclient.[D]It'struethatcreditscores,basedonpersonalcreditreports,havebeenaroundfordecades.Anddirectmarketingcompanieshavelongrankedconsumersbytheirsocioeconomicstatus.Bute-scoresgofurther.Theycantakeintoaccountfactslikeoccupation,salaryandhomevaluetospendingonluxurygoodsorpetfood,anddoitallwithalgorithmsthattheircreatorssayaccuratelypredictspending.[E]Agrowingnumberofcompanies,includingbanks,creditanddebitcard（借記卡）providers,insurersandonlineeducationalinstitutionsareusingthesescorestochoosewhomtopersuadeontheWeb.Thesescorescandeterminewhethersomeonedeservesasupercreditcardoraplainone,afull-servicecableplanornoneatall.Theycandeterminewhetheracustomerisroutedpromptlytoanattentiveserviceagentormovedtoanoverflowcallcenter.[F]Federalregulatorsandconsumeradvocatesworrythatthesescorescouldeventuallyputsomeconsumersatadisadvantage,particularlythoseunderfinancialstress.Ineffect,theysay,thescorescouldcreateanewsubprimeclass:peoplewhoarebypassedbycompaniesonlinewithoutevenknowingit.Financialinstitutions,inparticular,mightavoidpeoplewithlowscores,reducingthosepeople,saccesstohomeloans,creditcardsandinsurance.[G]“Thescoringisatooltoenablefinancialinstitutionstomakedecisionsaboutfinancingbasedonunconventionalmethods,"saysDavidVladeck,thedirectorofthebureauofconsumerprotectionattheFederalTradeCommission."Wearetroubledbythesepractices."[H]Federallawgovernstheuseofold-fashionedcreditscores.Companiesmusthavealegallypermissiblepurposebeforecheckingconsumers,creditreportsandmustalertthemiftheyaredeniedcreditorinsurancebasedoninformationinthosereports.Butthelawdoesnotextendtothenewvaluationscoresbecausetheyarederivedfromnontraditionaldataandpromotedformarketing.EdMierzwinski,consumerprogramdirectorattheUnitedStatesPublicInterestResearchGroupinWashington,worriesthatfederallawshaven,tkeptpacewithchangeinthedigitalage.[I]"There,sanontransparentscoringsystemthatcollectsinformationaboutyoutogenerateascore—andwhatyourscoreisresultsintheoffersyougetontheInternet,"hesays."Inmostcases,youdon,tknowwhoiscollectingtheinformation,youdon,tknowwhatpredictionstheyhavemadeaboutyou,orthepotentialforbeingdeniedchoiceorpayingtoomuch."[J]Here,showe-scoreswork:Aclientsubmitsadatasetcontainingnamesoftensofthousandsofsalesleads（線索）ithasalreadybought,alongwiththenamesofleadswhowentontobecomecustomers.EBureauthenaddsseveralthousanddetails—likeage,income,occupation,propertyvalue,lengthofresidenceandretailhistory—fromitsdatabasestoeachcustomerprofile.Fromthoserawdatapoints,thesystemcalculatesupto50,000additionalvariablesperperson.Thenitsearchesthoroughlyallthatdatafortherarecommonfactorsamongtheexistingcustomerbase.Theresultscoresprospectivecustomersbasedontheirresemblancetopreviouscustomers.[K]E-scoresmightrangefrom0to99,with99indicatingaconsumerwhoisalikelyreturnoninvestmentand0indicatinganunprofitableone.Butinsomeindustries,"knowingthebottomismoreimportantthanknowingthetop,"Mr.Meyersays.Inonlineeducation,forinstance,e-scoreshelpschoolsdistinguishprospectivestudentswhoarenotworththeinvestmentofexpensivecoursecatalogsorattentivefollow-upcalls—likepeoplewhousefakenamesoradopttheidentitiesofrelatives."Ifwecanfind25percentwhohavezerochanceofenrolling,wecansay'don'twasteyourmoneyonthem,）"hesays.EBureauchargesclients3to75centsascore,dependingontheindustryandthevolumeofleads.Suchscoresincreasetheaccuracyandspeedwithwhichcompaniescanidentifypotentialcustomers,saysMr.WeintrauboftheLeadsConconference."Scorestellyou'thispersonmightactuallyqualify,solet'sfocusonthem,'"hesays."Thiswayyouarenotfocusingonpeoplewhoreallycan'tqualify."[L]Mostpeopleneverseetheirvaluescores.Butsomeservicesopenlydiscusshowtheirmeasurementswork.AcasestudyontheeBureausite,forexample,describeshowthecompanyrankedprospectivecustomersforanationalprepaiddebitcardissuer,assigningeachascoreof0to998.Peoplewhoscoredabove950wereconsideredlikelytobecomehighlyprofitablecustomers,generatingrevenueoversixmonthsofanestimated$213percard.Thosewhoscoredlessthan550werepredictedtobeunprofitableclients,withestimatedrevenueof$74orless.WitheBureau'ssystem,thecardissuercouldidentifyandcourtthehighscorerswhileavoidinglowscorers.[M]Forcompanies,thiskindofscoringclearlyincreasesthespeedandreducesthecostofacquiringcustomers.Butconsumersarepayingaheavypriceforthatincreasedcorporateefficiency,publicinterestsadvocatessay.Thedigitalscorescreateatwo-tieredsystemthatinvisiblyprioritizessomeonlineusersforcreditandinsuranceofferswhiledenyingthesameopportunitiestoothers,saysMr.MierzwinskiofthePublicInterestResearchGroup.[N]Mr.MeyerandothereBureauexecutivesdisagree,sayingtheconcernsaremisplaced.EBureau,Mr.Meyersays,wenttogreatlengthstobuildasystemwithbothregulatoryrequirementsandconsumerprivacyinmind.Thecompany,hesays,hasputfirewallsinplacetoseparatedatabasescontainingfederallyregulateddata,likecreditordebtinformationusedforpurposeslikeriskmanagement,fromdatabasesaboutconsumersusedtogeneratescoresformarketingpurposes.[O]HeaddsthateBureau'sclientsusethescoresonlytonarrowtheirfieldofprospectivecustomers—notforthepurposesofapprovingpeopleforcredit,loansorinsurance.Moreover,hesays,thecompanydoesnotsellconsumerdatatoothers,nordoesitretainthescoresittransmitstoclients."Weareanevaluator,"Mr.Meyersays."Wearetryingtostayawayfrombeingintrusivetotheconsumer."[P]It'sjustanothersignoftheriseofwhatmightbecalledtheScoredSociety.Googleranksoursearchresultsbyourlocationandsearchhistory.Facebookscoresusbasedonouronlineactivities.KloutscoresusbyhowmanyfollowerswehaveonTwitter,amongotherthings.Andnowe-scoresrankourpotentialvaluetocompanies.（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）.AnexecutiveofeBureauclaimsthatthecompanykeepsthefederallyregulateddataapartfromthoseusedtoproducee-scoresformarketingpurposes.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：N）解析：解析：根據(jù)federallyregulateddata定位到N段。上文提到電子數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)形中造成雙重制度，某些網(wǎng)上用戶可以優(yōu)先申請(qǐng)貸款和保險(xiǎn)，某些人卻沒(méi)有這種資格。本段Mr.Meyer就這一問(wèn)題發(fā)表了看法，并指出其公司相關(guān)系統(tǒng)已將不同用途的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資料區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。題目概括了該段第3句的主要意思，keep...apartfrom對(duì)應(yīng)原文的separate...from。.Federalregulatorsandconsumeradvocatesshareconcernsthate-scoresmaynegativelyaffectsomeconsumerswhoaredeliberatelyneglectedbyonlinecompanies.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：F）解析：解析：根據(jù)federalregulators和consumeradvocates定位到F段。本段主要講解聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管人員和消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)者擔(dān)憂電子分?jǐn)?shù)可能會(huì)給某些消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)不利。題目概括了本段第1-2句，negativelyaffect對(duì)應(yīng)原文的put...atadisadvantage；而deliberatelyneglected對(duì)應(yīng)原文的bypassed。.Thee-scoreisatypeofdigitalscorewhichmeasuresaconsumer'sbuyingpower.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：B）解析:解析:根據(jù)digitalscore和buyingpower定位到B段。結(jié)合上文可知，該段首句中的thesedigi-talscores指代thee-score,本題句子的信息點(diǎn)與B段首句內(nèi)容一致，B為本題答案。.TheamountoffeeseBureauasksforrangesfromthreetoseventy-fivecentsperscore.分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：正確答案：K）解析：解析：根據(jù)threetoseventy-fivecents定位到K段。該段倒數(shù)第4句提到eBureau根據(jù)客戶所在行業(yè)和提供的數(shù)據(jù)線索的數(shù)量來(lái)確定收費(fèi)，每個(gè)分值3至75美分不等。本題句子表述與此一致。.Thee-scoreisjustanotherindicationoftherisingScoredSociety.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：正確答案：P）解析：解析：根據(jù)ScoredSociety定位到P段。從上文可知，該段第1句中的it指代6-5M^。題目中的indication與原文sign對(duì)應(yīng)，rising對(duì)應(yīng)原文theriseof，題目是對(duì)原文該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。.E-scoresdomuchmorethanevaluateconsumers,socioeconomicstatus.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：D）解析：解析：根據(jù)socioeconomicstatus定位到D段。文中提到，直營(yíng)公司長(zhǎng)期對(duì)消費(fèi)者的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位排序，但電子商務(wù)走得更遠(yuǎn)，將消費(fèi)者的職業(yè)、薪酬等諸多因素考慮在內(nèi)。題目?jī)?nèi)容與該段第2、3句對(duì)應(yīng)。（7）.AccordingtoastaffmemberofeBureau,thecompanyneithersellsconsumerdatanorkeepsthee-scoressenttoitsclients.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：0）解析：解析：根據(jù)consumerdata和clients定位到0段。題目是對(duì)該段第2句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，本題句子中的keep與原文retain對(duì)應(yīng)，而sent對(duì)應(yīng)原文的transmits0.EBureaucitestheexampleofscoringpotentialcustomersforaprepaiddebitcardissuertoprovethatitse-scoremeasurementworks.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：L）解析：解析：根據(jù)題目中的aprepaiddebitcardissuer定位至L段。文中舉例eBureau為一家預(yù)付借記卡發(fā)行商的潛在消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行排名，消費(fèi)者的分值越高就越有可能帶來(lái)高額利潤(rùn)。從而幫助客戶選擇潛在消費(fèi)群體。eBureau網(wǎng)站借用這一典型案例，是為了說(shuō)明其評(píng)定發(fā)揮了作用。題目概括了第2—3句的內(nèi)容，題目中的scoringpotentialcustomers對(duì)應(yīng)原文rankedprospectivecustomerso.Thecalculationofthee-scoreinvolvesalargequantityofdataandreliesoncomputers.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：C）解析：解析：根據(jù)alargequantityofdata和computer定位至C段。該段第2句提到，與谷歌業(yè)務(wù)相類似，網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)者得分涉及海量數(shù)據(jù)和復(fù)雜電腦運(yùn)算。題目中的alargequantity與原文unimaginableamounts對(duì)應(yīng)，relieson與原文poweredby對(duì)應(yīng)。.Thereisnoexistingfederallawthatgovernstheuseofe-scores.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：正確答案：H）解析：解析：根據(jù)federallaw定位到H段。該段提到，企業(yè)必須通過(guò)合法的途徑查詢消費(fèi)者信用記錄，如果消費(fèi)者因信用記錄被拒絕申請(qǐng)信用卡或保險(xiǎn)，則必須警告他們。但聯(lián)邦法律的這些規(guī)定，尚未覆蓋新出現(xiàn)的評(píng)估分值。題目?jī)?nèi)容來(lái)自該段第3句，題目中的noexistingfederallaws對(duì)應(yīng)原文doesnotextendtoo5.SectionC解析：Offeringagiftcanbeamutualpleasure;somemightsayitshouldbeapleasureforgiverandrecipient.AproblemwithamoderncommercialChristmas,however,isthatbuyinggiftscanbecomeachore.0ftenitisastressriddenchoreinthedyingdaysbeforeChristmasDay,aseverythinggetslefttothelastminute.WhynotmakethisnextChristmasatimetomakethechoosingofindividualgiftsapleasureforyourself,andfortherecipient?OfteninthelastminutehastetobuygiftsintimeforChristmasDay,peoplebecomedetachedfromnotonlythepurpose,butthepersontowhomtheyaregiving.Boughthastilyinacrowdedstressfilledstore,scarcelyathoughtmaypassfortheindividualonthereceivingend,howeverclosetheymaybetoyou.Mostoftheyear,ifnotall,canbefilledwithwork,commuting,rushinghereandthere,stress,andselffocus.Howabouttimeandattentionforthosewhoreallymatterinyourlife,whetherspouse,offspring,otherrelatives,friendsorcolleagues?Thechoosingofagift,andpresentationofit,canbeasilentwayofgivingeachofthemspecialattention,andthenculminatingwiththeirpleasureatthereceiptofthegift.Behindeverygoodpresentthereisapersonwhoworkedhardtomakethebestchoice.Thesecrettobuyingtheperfectgiftistothinkaboutthemessageyouwanttosendout,whenthereceiveropensit.Ifyouthinkabouthisorherhobbies,tohisorhervacationplansetc.,itmeansyouhavereallystudiedthatpersonandyouboughtthepresentpreciselyforthem,forthatoccasion;inthiscase,Christmas.Friendshipandcaringarethemselvesagift,soyoucanseethatifyouputsomerealselflesseffortintochoosinggifts,thevalueofthegiftismagnified.Thatissomethingwhichwillshinethroughthewrappingpaper,andinthemomentofgivingthepleasurethatyoufeelinmakingthegesturewillradiateinthewarmthofyourexpression.Thechoosingandthegivingofagiftareinseparable.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00).WhatmakesbuyinggiftsforChristmasbecomeachore?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.Thepressureoftheholiday.B.Thelackoftimeforshopping.VC.Theincreasingvarietyofgifts.D.Thecommercializationoftheholiday.解析：解析：首段末句中的dyingdays和lastminute都表明是時(shí)間上的因素使圣誕節(jié)的購(gòu)物變成苦差事，因此本題應(yīng)選B。.Whenbuyinggiftsinthelastminute,peopletendtobeconcernedabout.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.choosingindividualgiftsfortherecipientsB.whatisthemoresuitablegiftforaholidayC.gettingagiftforeveryoneVD.towhomtheysendthegift解析：解析：第2段第2句中的detachedfrom...表明在最后一刻才急匆匆地趕去買禮物時(shí)，人們不考慮禮物的目的，不考慮送禮的對(duì)象，當(dāng)然也就不會(huì)考慮禮物是否合適，也就是說(shuō)，人們只是為了買禮物而買禮物，只想給每個(gè)人送禮，由此可見(jiàn)，本題應(yīng)選C。.Aperfectgiftdiffersfromothergiftsintheir.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.usefulnessB.meaningfulnessVC.exquisitenessD.artistry解析：解析：第4段第2句中的message一詞表明完美禮物注重的是禮物表達(dá)的信息，即其含義，因此本題應(yīng)選B。.The"gesture”(Line3,Para.5)mostprobablyrefersto.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.givingthegifttotherecipientVB.choosingagiftwithselflesseffortC.wrappingthegiftbeforesendingitD.showingyourconcerntotherecipient解析：解析：本題解題的關(guān)鍵在于理解末段第2句中的第2個(gè)分句。在這個(gè)分句中，thepleasure是主語(yǔ)，willradiate…是謂語(yǔ)，pleasure后that引出的是修飾pleasure的定語(yǔ)從句，這樣就不難看出gesture是指該分句開(kāi)頭的giving,由此可見(jiàn)，本題應(yīng)選A。.Inthispassage,theauthorismostlikelytopointout.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)A.thebestwayofchoosingandgivingtherightgiftsB.theimportanceofthoughtfulnessinchoosingagiftC.thatone,sloveforotherscanbestbedemonstratedbygiftsD.thatofferingagiftbenefitsboththegiverandthereceiverV解析：解析：本文在首段首句、第2段首句、第3段末句，以及末段第2句不斷強(qiáng)調(diào)“贈(zèng)送禮物時(shí)對(duì)贈(zèng)送者和接受者而言都是一種快樂(lè)”這個(gè)主題，由此可見(jiàn)，本題應(yīng)選D。DuringthenextseveralweeksIwentcompletelytothewolves.Itookatinytentandsetitupontheshoreofbay.ThebigtelescopewassetupinthemouthofthetentinsuchawaythatIcouldobservethewolvesbydayornight.QuitebyaccidentIhadpitchedmytentwithintenyardsofoneofthemajorpathsusedbythewolves.ShortlyafterIhadtakenupresidence,oneofthewolvescamebackanddiscoveredmeandmytent,buthedidnotstoporhesitateinhispace.Later,oneormorewolvesusedthetrackpastmytentandneverdidtheyshowtheslightestinterestinme.Ifeltuncomfortableatbeingsototallyignored.ThenextdayInoticedamalewolfmakeboundarymarkersbypassingwaterontheroundsofhisfamilylands.OnceIhadbecomeawareofthestrongfeelingofpropertyrightswhichexistedamongthewolves,Idecidedtousethisknowledgetomakethematleastrecognizemyexistence.Oneevening,aftertheyhadgoneofffortheirregularnightlyhunt,Istakedoutapropertyclaimofmyown,includingalongsectionofthewolves,path.Inordertoensurethatmyclaimwouldnotbeoverlooked,Imadeapropertymarkonstones,dumpsofmoss,andpatchesofvegetationwithalotoftea.Beforethehunterscameback,taskwasdone,andIretired,somewhatexhausted,toobserveresults.Afewminuteslatertheleadingmaleappeared.Asusualhedidnotbothertoglanceatthetent,butwhenhereachedthepointwheremypropertylineintersectedthetrail,hestoppedasabruptlyasifhehadrunintoaninvisiblewall.Cautiouslyheextendedhisnoseandsniffedatoneofmymarkedbushes.Afteraminuteofhesitationhebackedawayafewyardsandsatdown.Then,helookeddirectlyatthetentandatme.HisglareseemedtobecomefiercerasIattemptedtostarehimd