Unit-13-Marriage課文翻譯綜合教程四

Unit13MarriageRobertLynd1“Conventionalpeople,”saysMr.BertrandRussell,“l(fā)iketopretendthatdifficultiesinregardtomarriageareanewthing.”Icouldnothelpwondering,asIreadthissentence,whereonecanmeettheseconventionalpeoplewhothink,orpretendtothink,asconventionalpeopledo.Ihaveknownhundredsofconventionalpeople,andIcannotrememberoneofthemwhothoughtthethingsconventionalpeopleseemtothink.Theywereall,forexample,convincedthatmarriagewasastatebesetwithdifficulties,andthatthesedifficultieswereasold,ifnotasthehills,atleastasthedayonwhichAdamlostaribandgainedawife.Ayoungergenerationofconventionalpeoplehasgrownupinrecentyears,anditmaybethattheyhavearosierconceptionofmarriagethantheirancestors;buttheconventionalpeopleoftheVictorianerawereundernoillusionsonthesubject.TheircynicalattitudetomarriagemaybegatheredfromtheenthusiasticreceptiontheygavetoPunch’sadvicetothoseabouttomarry－“Don’t.”2Idoubt,indeed,whetherthehorrorsofmarriagewereeverdepictedmorecruellythanduringtheconventionalnineteenthcentury.Thecomicpapersandmusic-hallsmadethemiseriesastandingdish.“Youcanalwaystellwhetheraman’smarriedorsinglefromthewayhe’sdressed,”saidthecomedian.“Lookatthesingleman:nobuttonsonhisshirt.Lookatthemarriedman:noshirt.”Thehumourwascrude;butitwenthometothehonestVictorianheart.Ifmarriageweretobejudgedbythesongsconventionalpeopleusedtosingaboutitinthemusic-halls,itwouldseemahellmainlypopulatedbytwinsandleech-likemothers-in-law.TherareexperiencesofDarbyandJoanwere,itistrue,occasionallyhymned,reducingstrongmensmellingstronglyofalcoholtoreverentsilence;but,onthewhole,theaudiencefeltmorenormalwhenacomediancameoutwithananti-maritalrefrainsuchas:OwhydidIleavemylittlebackroomInBloomsbury,WhereIcouldliveonapoundaweekInluxury(Iforgetthenextline).ButsinceIhavemarriedMaria,I’vejumpedoutofthefrying-panIntothebloomingfire.3Nodifficulties?Why,theverynigger-minstrelsofmyboyhoodusedtoopentheirperformancewithachoruswhichbegan:Married!Married!Opitythosewho’remarried.Thosewhogoandtakeawifemustbeverygreen.4Itispossiblethatthecomediansexaggerated,andthatVictorianwiveswerenotallviragoswithpokers,whobeattheirtipsyhusbandsforstayingouttoolate.ButatleasttheyandtheiraudiencesrefrainedfrompaintingmarriageasaninevitableParadise.EventheclergywouldgonofartherthantosaythatmarriagesweremadeinHeaven.Thattheydidnotbelievethatmarriagenecessarilyendedthereisshownbythefactthatoneofthemwrotea“best-seller”bearingthetitleHowtoBeHappyThoughMarried.5Idoubt,indeed,whethercommonopinioninanyagehaseverlookedonmarriageasanuntroubledParadise.Iconsultedadictionaryofquotationsonthesubjectanddiscoveredthatfewoftheopinionsquotedwererose-coloured.Theseopinions,itmaybeobjected,aretheopinionsofunconventionalpeople,butitisalsotruethattheyareopinionstreasuredandkeptalivebyconventionalpeople.WehavethereputedsayingofthehenpeckedSocrates,forexample,whenaskedwhetheritwasbettertomarryornot:“Whicheveryoudo,youwillrepent.”WehaveMontaignewriting:“Ithappensasoneseesincages.Thebirdsoutsidedespairofevergettingin;thoseinsideareequallydesirousofgettingout.”Baconisnomoreprenuptialwithhiscausticquotation:“Hewasreputedoneofthewisementhatmadeanswertothequestionwhenamanshouldmarry:‘Ayoungmannotyet;aneldermannotatall.’”Burtonisfarfromencouraging!“Onewasnevermarried,andthat’shishell;anotheris,andthat’shisplague.”P(pán)epysscribbledinhisdiary:“Strangetosaywhatdelightwemarriedpeoplehavetoseethesepoorfolkdecoyedintoourcondition.”6ThepiousJeremyTaylorwasaskeenlyawarethatmarriageisnotallbliss.“Marriage,”hedeclared,“hathinitlessofbeautyandmoreofsafetythanthesinglelife－ithathmorecarebutlessdanger;itismoremerryandmoresad;itisfullerofsorrowsandfullerofjoys.”ThesentimentalandoptimisticSteelecandonobetterthan:“Themarriagestate,withandwithouttheaffectionsuitabletoit,isthecompletestimageofHeavenandHellwearecapableofreceivinginthislife.”7Rousseaudeniedthataperfectmarriagehadeverbeenknown.“Ihaveoften里；李四結(jié)了婚，生活在災(zāi)禍中?！迸迤に乖谌沼浿行殴P寫(xiě)道：“說(shuō)來(lái)也怪，我們這些已婚人士看到那些可憐的家伙像我們一樣被誘進(jìn)婚姻這個(gè)火坑時(shí)，我們是多么高興啊?！? 虔誠(chéng)的杰瑞米·泰勒也同樣深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到婚姻并不都是好事。他宣稱(chēng)：婚姻比單身生活少一份美感，卻多一份安全感——它有更多的關(guān)心，卻減少了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；它令人更加快樂(lè)也更加傷心；它充滿了更多的悲哀，也充滿了更多的歡樂(lè)。多愁善感又樂(lè)觀的斯梯爾說(shuō)得最好的就是這句話：“婚姻狀態(tài)，無(wú)論有沒(méi)有與其相適的愛(ài)戀，提供了我們此生能接收到的天堂和地獄的最完整形象。”7 盧梭否認(rèn)完美婚姻的存在?！拔页Ｏ?，”他寫(xiě)道，“假如我們能在婚姻中延續(xù)愛(ài)情的快樂(lè)，我們將在人間找到天堂。迄今為止這樣的情形都不存在。”在這本引語(yǔ)詞典中我們找不到約翰遜博士說(shuō)的話，但誰(shuí)都記得，盡管他是個(gè)盡職的丈夫，但他卻否認(rèn)婚姻狀態(tài)對(duì)人來(lái)說(shuō)是自然的?！跋壬彼f(shuō)，“要讓一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人生活在婚姻的狀態(tài)中，根本不是一件自然的事情，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)能讓他們保持這種關(guān)系的各種動(dòng)力以及文明社會(huì)強(qiáng)加于他們的種種約束，都不足以保證他們廝守終生。”8 當(dāng)人們讀完世世代代關(guān)于婚姻的一切評(píng)論后，看到年輕人依然奮不顧身結(jié)婚的勇氣，不禁感慨萬(wàn)千。幾乎所有人，凡夫俗子也罷，超凡脫俗者也罷，幾乎都用最灰暗的筆調(diào)來(lái)描繪婚姻的種種困擾。19世紀(jì)傳統(tǒng)小說(shuō)家對(duì)婚姻如此悲觀，以至于他們幾乎不敢把故事延續(xù)到婚禮鐘聲敲響之后。戲劇與小說(shuō)中的已婚人士極少有令人艷羨者，而且隨著斗轉(zhuǎn)星移，他們的命運(yùn)似乎越來(lái)越悲慘。即便是