高中英語必修五第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件

UnitOneLanguagePointsJohnSnowwasawell-known______inLondoninthe______century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.He______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe______ofallwatersupplybe________andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”was________.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealingdefeated復(fù)習(xí)總動(dòng)員Warmingupknowabout

了解有關(guān)….的情況knowof

聽說過有些事我想了解一下.

ThereissomethingIwanttoknowabout.我聽說過那件事,但不很清楚.Iknowofit,butIdidn’tknowitwell.1.知識(shí)袋袋庫(kù)2.characteristicadj.獨(dú)特的，特有的

n．特征，特性

eg.geneticcharacteristics

遺傳特征charactern．性格；特征；人物，角色；characterizev．是…的特征；描述…的特征characterlessadj.無特色的；平凡的區(qū)別future和characteristicKindnessisoneofhis_____________.Mycardoesn’thavespecial________.characteristicsfutures3.putforward:bringup,comeupwitheg:Heputforwardsomeusefuladviceatthemeeting.

WeputforwardTomasmonitor.

推薦Themeetinghasbeenputforwardto2:00pm.

提前提出AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeen________.A．putforward

B．putdownC.putupD.putaside【解析】有人提出一個(gè)有趣的建議…【答案】A考題練練看putaside_____________________putaway_____________________putoff_____________________puton_____________________putdown_____________________putout_____________________putup_____________________putupwith_____________________

儲(chǔ)蓄…備用把…收拾起來

推遲

穿上，戴上；上演，演出

舉起；粘貼；建立，建設(shè)

忍受

放下?lián)錅?火)思維泡泡堂Consideringyoursalary，youshouldbeableto________atleasttwentydollarsaweek.A．putforward B．putupC．putout D．putaside【解析】

句意為“就你的工資而言，每周你應(yīng)至少存20美元”。putforward提出；putup張貼；putout撲滅；putaside儲(chǔ)存?！敬鸢浮?/p>

D考題練練看Pre-reading4.concludevt/vi①cometoaclose____________eg:⑴Themeetingconcludedat8:00pm.⑵Sheconcludedherspeechwithapoem.⑶

Sheconcludedherspeechbyreadingapoem.歸納總結(jié)：(使)結(jié)束,終止②decidesthasaresultofwhatyouseeorhear______________eg.⑴Whatcanyouconcludefromthesefacts?

⑵

Afterwaitingforhalfanhour，Iconcludedthathewouldn’tcomeatall.

等了半個(gè)小時(shí)后，我斷定他不會(huì)來了。推斷出,得出結(jié)論歸納總結(jié):

n.conclusion

結(jié)論，結(jié)束

*

arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion__________eg:⑴Itwasdifficulttodrawa

conclusion

becausethesituationwascomplex.*inconclusion_____=inaword,tosumupeg:⑴Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.得出結(jié)論

總之

思維袋袋庫(kù)—Annseemstobeupset.What’sup?—She________fromthevoiceonthelinethathermotherisnotsatisfiedwithhertestscores.A．includes

B．concludesC．suggests D．contains【解析】下句意為：她根據(jù)電話中的聲音判定母親對(duì)她的考試成績(jī)不滿意。

【答案】

B考題練練看Reading5.defeatvt.①towinagainstsbintheawar,competition,sportsgame

____________

②tobedifficultforsb_____________n.③failuretowin

___________eg:⑴Thearmydefeatedtheenemyintheend.⑵TomsuffereddefeatintheEnglishexamination.⑶TheproblemhasdefeatedmeandIcan’tsolveit.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝

失敗，挫折

難倒，使困惑

辨析：defeat/beat/winHecaneasily___________meatgolf.Hedidn’t______theelection.Hewas_______________intheelection.⑴defeat戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗。含義廣泛，指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、辯論、爭(zhēng)斗、競(jìng)選或比賽中擊敗對(duì)方，獲得勝利。賓語是對(duì)手。⑵beat表示“戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗和難倒”時(shí)可與defeat互換;另外還可以表示“擊打，(心臟)跳動(dòng)”等含義。⑶win后只接事或物（比賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)品、錢）不能是對(duì)手。defeated/beatenbeat/defeatwinLinDan________hercompetitorandgotthefirstplaceinthegame.A．won B．defeatC．beat D．hit

【解析】

“擊敗對(duì)手”可用beat或defeat，但由got可知，空白處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，若選B，則應(yīng)為defeated。

【答案】

C考題練練看6.attendvbepresentat;takecareof

________________

attendtosb/sth:todealwithsb/sth;totakecareofsb/sth_______________eg:Heattendedthemeetingyesterday.Ihavesomeurgentbusinesstoattendto.出席,參加;照顧,護(hù)理處理,應(yīng)付;照顧,護(hù)理Thecoachaskedhisstaffto________thelargegroupofjournalistswaitingforhimtoannouncehistrainingplans.A．a(chǎn)dapttoB．a(chǎn)ttendtoC．refertoD．a(chǎn)ppealto

【解析】adaptto意為“適應(yīng)”，attendto

意為“注意，關(guān)心，料理”，referto

意為“涉及”，appealto

意為“向……呼吁，求助于”。整句話意為“教練要求他的隊(duì)員去照應(yīng)一下那一大群等著他公布訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的新聞?dòng)浾邆儭??？碱}練練看【答案

】B區(qū)別attend/join/joinin/takepartinWouldyouliketo______usinthebasketgame?A.attendB.joinC.joininD.takepartin考題練練看【答案】B①attend正式用語，參加嚴(yán)肅的活動(dòng)，如會(huì)議，聽課，演講。②join加入某一組織，成為其中成員。③join(sb.)insth./doing和某人一起進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)具體的活動(dòng)，多指正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。④takepartin參加活動(dòng)，是一般用語。思維袋袋庫(kù)7.exposevt.showsthhidden;tellthetruth_______________

曝光;暴露;揭露exposesth/sbtosth________________

暴露；顯露

exposesbas…

________________

揭露某人eg:Don’texposeyourselftothesunfortoolong.You’llgetsunburned.______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【解析】動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式做主語。【答案】C考題練練看Sentence1.

Neitheritscause,noritscure

wasunderstood.人們既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治療方法。neither...nor...既不…，也不…

，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分,表全部否定。NeithermyfathernorIwasthere.

我父親和我都不在那里。neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso

連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與離它最近的那個(gè)主語的數(shù)保持一致。符合主謂一致中的就近原則。NeitherhenorIamastudent.EitherMaryorherbrothersaretoblameforthefault.Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.思維袋袋庫(kù)(2009年湖南卷)Eitheryouoryouroneofyourstudents____toattendthemeeting.A.areB.isC.haveD.be【答案】B考題練練看8.WhenIlefthospitalIwascompletedcured.

Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?

cure:__________________________vt.治愈，治療；n.療法，治療藥

curesb.

of治好(病、惡習(xí)等)acure

for

治療……的方法辨析：treat與cure—Hasthedoctor___herillness?—No，he___herbutdidn't___her.A．cured;treated;treatB．cured;cured;treatC．treatedtheoldwomanfor;treated;cureD．curedtheoldwomanof;treated;cure解析：cure“治愈”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。curesbofsthtreat“治療”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。treatsbforsth答案：D思維袋袋庫(kù)Sentence2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime

在這里是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“每次，每當(dāng)”e.g.EverytimeIhearthatsong,Ifeelhappy.

每次聽到那首歌，我都感到非常開心。(2009年云南玉溪模擬)________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.A．Attimes B．SometimeC．Everytime D．Thetime【解析】句意為：每次你與別人交談或?qū)懶畔?，你都向別人展示你的技能。everytime是名詞詞組用做連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句?！敬鸢浮?/p>

C考題練練看注意:immediately,themoment/theminute,directly,instantly等與

everytime一樣，都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一…..就”。如：Iwillgivethelettertohimimmediately/themoment/directly/instantlyIseehim.另外thefirsttime(第一次)，nexttime(下次)，lasttime(上次)都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。思維袋袋庫(kù)(2009年陜西卷)Thisisthefirsttimewe________afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A．see B．hadseenC．saw D．haveseen【解析】“This/Itisthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time+that從句”為固定句型，如果前面用is，從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果用was，則用過去完成時(shí)。?！敬鸢浮?/p>

D考題練練看9.challengen/vt挑戰(zhàn)eg:(1)opportunityandchallenge

機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)擴(kuò)展：faceachallenge面臨挑戰(zhàn)

meetachallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)

challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的10.suggest

v.建議；暗示，表明

①suggest+doingsth/sth./that-clause

他建議我們參觀長(zhǎng)城。HesuggestedvisitingtheGreatWall.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.

②suggest(暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語氣。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.11.absorbvt.吸收(液體、氣體)；吸引，使、專心Thecreamiseasilyabsorbedintotheskin.這種乳霜容易被皮膚吸收。Iwas

so

absorbedinthisbookthatIdidn’thearyoucomein.歸納總結(jié)：Itisveryquietintheclassroom.Thestudentsareall________readingbooks.A．a(chǎn)bsorbed B．a(chǎn)bsorbedinC．a(chǎn)bsorbingin D．a(chǎn)bsorb

【解析】

本題意為：教室里很安靜，學(xué)生們?cè)谌娜庾x書。beabsorbedindoingsth.專心做某事。

【答案】

B考題練練看Thewriterwasso________inherworkthatshedidn'tnoticehimentertheroom.A．a(chǎn)bandonedB．focusedC．a(chǎn)bsorbedD．centered【解析】beabsorbedin全神貫在…；

focussbonsth使…專注于…【答案】

C考題練練看12.suspectv.認(rèn)為、懷疑eg:Isuspectedthetruthofherstatement.*suspectsbofdoingsth

懷疑某人做某事*suspectsb\sthtobe…

懷疑…是…eg:Hehadsuspectedheroftellingalietome.

13.blamevt

considerorsaythatsbisresponsibleforsth

____________eg:Pleasedon’tblameme.blamesbforsth\doingsth_____________blamesthonsb______________betoblame__________________責(zé)備、譴責(zé)

責(zé)備某人做某事

把某事歸咎于某人

(某人/某物)該受指責(zé)

n過失、責(zé)備It’snotfairthatyoushouldgettheblame.Don’talways______yourownfailure______others.Sometimesyouyourself______.A．blame；on；aretobeblamedB．blame；for；aretoblameC．blame；on；aretoblameD．blame；for；aretobeblamed【解析】

句意為：不要總把失敗歸咎于他人。有時(shí)該責(zé)怪你自己。blamesth.onsb.把……歸咎于某人；betoblame該受責(zé)備，要用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。

【答案】

C考題練練看Themotherwholosthersoninsistedthatthecarelessdriver________forthetrafficaccident________yesterday.A．wastoblame;happeningB．betoblame;happeningC．beblamed;washappenedD．wastoblame;hadhappened【解析】

本題意為：失去兒子的母親堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為粗心的司機(jī)應(yīng)該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負(fù)責(zé)?！敬鸢浮?/p>

A考題練練看(2006年安徽卷)MrGreenstoodupindefenceof(為…辯護(hù))the16-year-oldboy，sayingthathewasnottheone________.A．blamed B．blamingC．toblame D．tobeblamed【解析】

hewasnottheonetoblame意為“他不是那個(gè)應(yīng)該受責(zé)備的人”?！敬鸢浮?/p>

C考題練練看(2006年福建卷)________forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits.A．Blaming B．BlamedC．Toblame D．Tobeblamed【解析】

本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為：Alice因?yàn)殡娔X網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障被責(zé)備，情緒很低落。非謂語形式用做原因狀語，主語是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者，故用過去分詞blamed。D項(xiàng)tobeblamed有將要的意味?！敬鸢浮?/p>

B考題練練看Sentence3Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來霍亂的流行要?dú)w罪于飲水了。be+動(dòng)詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事情，相當(dāng)于must,should,oughtto等。Youarenottobelateagain.14.lookinto調(diào)查，研究;Thepolicearenowlookingintothematter.警方正在調(diào)查這件事。lookback回顧，回首lookdownupon蔑視lookover檢查，查看lookon旁觀lookthrough匆匆瀏覽lookup查閱，查找15.Handlevtdealwith,operate__________n.partofatool,cup,bucketdooretc,bywhichitmaybeheld,carriedorcontrolled_______eg:Doyouknowhowtohandlethecomputer?處理操作把手16.linkvt&nconnectorputtogethertwoormorepieces連接；聯(lián)系

link…to…(常用被動(dòng),表狀態(tài))=connect…with…___________________linkup(with)______________eg:⑴Bloodinhisshirtlinkedhimtothecrime.

⑵Anewfreeway(高速公路)willbebuilttolinkupourcitywithWuhan.把…與…連接/聯(lián)系起來

連接，結(jié)合

17.announcevtmakesthknownpublicly

宣布通告eg:YaoMingannouncedinhishometownthathehasretiredfromNBA.歸納總結(jié)：

announcesth.宣布某事

announce＋that-clause辨析：announce與declareTheresultofthisexaminationwillbe__________tomorrow.A．publishedB．declaredC．a(chǎn)nnouncedD．opened【解析】announce強(qiáng)調(diào)正式地“公開、發(fā)表、宣布”，側(cè)重預(yù)告人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情；

declare指正式而明確地向公眾“宣布，宣告，聲明”，側(cè)重當(dāng)眾發(fā)表，多用于宣判、會(huì)議、宣戰(zhàn)等。C思維袋袋庫(kù)【答案】18.instructvteach；order,direct教，教授；指示，命令，吩咐instructsbinsth

教授某人……instructsbtodosth

命令/吩咐某人去做某事eg:Heinstructsaclassinhistory.I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.MrSmithdecidedtohireateacherto________hissoninEnglish.A．teachB．introduceC．instructD．direct【答案】：C考題練練看Learningaboutlanguage19.contribute

vt.&vi.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contribute…to…____________________eg:Hecontributedhislifetohelpingthepoor.HecontributedhisarticletoChinaDaily.contributeto__________________eg:Variousfactorscontributedtohisfailure.捐助、捐獻(xiàn);投稿導(dǎo)致，促成；有助于

Practice:Manypeople__________money__thepoorboy,which_____________hisreturningtoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutthisand_________it___anewspaper.

contributedtocontributedtocontributedto考題練練看Tobehonest，mycarelessness________alottomyfailure.A．contributed B．donatedC．provided D．offered【解析】

句意為：說實(shí)話，我的失敗主要是因?yàn)槲业拇中拇笠?。contributeto導(dǎo)致。donate捐獻(xiàn)；provide提供；offer(主動(dòng))提供。

【答案】

A考題練練看n.contribution

貢獻(xiàn)makegreatcontributionsto

對(duì)……有貢獻(xiàn)思維袋袋庫(kù)20.apartfrom

除…之外（既有相加又有相減的含義）eg:Apartfrommyparents,Ihavenoonetobelievein.(相減)Apartfromthecost,weneedtothinkabouthowmuchtimethejobwilltake.、(相加)辨析besides\except\apartfrom\exceptfor1.besides:“除了…之外（還有）”(相加)Therewillbefiveofusfordinner,besidesJohn.2.except:“除…之外”;(相減)when\that\if…Icycletowork,exceptwhenIrains.3.exceptfor強(qiáng)調(diào)整體很好，就一點(diǎn)不好，強(qiáng)調(diào)

前后名詞性質(zhì)不同。

Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforaspellingmistake.思維袋袋庫(kù)LiLongisagoodstudent___hislaziness.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.but【解析】李紅是個(gè)好學(xué)生，就是有點(diǎn)懶。屬于整體很好，就一點(diǎn)不好?！敬鸢浮緾考題練練看UsingLanguage

ReadingandWriting21.strictadj.

嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?/p>

Mr.Liuisastrictteacher.bestrictwithsb

對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格bestrictabout\indoing

對(duì)某事、做某事要求嚴(yán)格eg:TheWhitesarevery_________theirchildren.Thehospitalisquite__________

visitinghours.strictwithstrictabout22.makesense

有意義、講得通;是明智作法。(不及物動(dòng)詞短語)eg:Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.Itmakessenseforsbtodosth.

對(duì)某人來說做某事是明智的eg:Itmakessensetosavemoneywhileyoucan.makesenseof…理解、明白eg:Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?Itdoesn'tmake________tobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.A．senseB．opinionC．useD．difference

注意：

makenodifference沒有影響，沒什么不同