機械外文翻譯：寬槽圓柱凸輪數(shù)控加工技術(shù)的研究

英文原文deTughColumnCamNmericalContlPcessingReseachSummar:Soequestonsproducswhichinviewofthetrditonalilingethodprocesingcolunca,proposedonekindinviewofthetoughspacouslyinthecutingtooldiaetercoluncampathnuericalcontolilingprocesingethod.Throughtheanalyisresarch,hasestblihedonekindofcorectcoordnatstrnsorationodel,andprocssesaccodingtothsconorstotherequetwidetroughcolunca.Keyords:NuericalcontolprocesingCoordnatsransorationwidthtroughcoluncamMainTextThecoluncampathisgenerllysurroundsacordngtothecetanrueintheroundcylnderandsoonthewidetough.Mustsatsybelowtothecoluncampathnuericalcontolillngprocssingrequsts:1.Thecoluncampathworkingsuracenaelytwosidesplaneofnoralsecionlinsustbestictparale;2.Thecoluncampathustwaitorthewidthintheworksecion.Thisisguaraneestherolerinthecoluncampaththestedyotionessenialcondiion.hencoluncampathwidthnotbig,ayindthecorespondingdietertheendilltocaryontheprocesingalongthetroughcavtyiddlelne,coparedwithiseasytoprocesconorstotheaboverequstcoluncampath.Accordingtotheexiteneinorationinroducdtha,atpresntthecoluncamillngprocssingallisreaizswiththseans.Becausethsethodhastooanyliitatons,bringsanydiculisortheacualillngprocesing.Forexaplewhencannotindwiththetroughwidthsieequalstandrdcutingtoo,ustcaryontothecutingtoolchangesthesyst.Regardingthetroughwidthsiebigcoluncampath,isverydiicuttoindthediaeterandthetroughwidthequalsandardcutingtool.Evenifhasthecorespondingcutingtool,butalsoustconsidrtheenginebedainaxleoutputandtheainaxleandtheworkclohesjgrigdiylit,specalyenginebedainaxlestuctuetocutingtoollit.Forexaplethenuerialcontolenginebedhostaxleneckis7:2440innercones,usesorparsJT40thetoolsyst,thenostgrealyonlycanuseφ20mendill(noattrsraghthandlebitholde).Thisregadingthetroughwidthisthe38mcouncam(isprocesingcamwhichthisaricenarate)saidisunabletoproces,ustseekthenewprocesingethod.Underandanalyestheresarchaccodingtotheexperence,inroducdonekindissalerthanthecampathwidthendillwiththediaetertocaryonthenuericalcontolprocssingtothecoluncampaththeethod,calsitthewidthtroughcoluncamnuericalcontolprocssing.Firs,ProessngcratThecoluncampathissurroundsintheroundcylnderandsoonthewidthtrough,whenisprocssingotenisbiggerthan360°.alongthecicuerencesuraceillngscopessuiableorwithtohavethenuericalcontolrotryabutentthevericalnuericalcontolillngachinetocaryontheprocesing.Accordingtothecoluncamactulstuctue,selctsthebetkeythespindeakeswhenthecamprocesingtheradaldirctonandtheweektothelocaiztondatu,akestheaxiallocaiztondatumbythespindeledg,andthenosetheadcontacsthecoluncamwiththespindeinrontofthroughthenut.Thecoluncamaxialandtheradaldirctonszeisgenealybig,inordertooveroebecusethebracktprocesestiethecutingorcecretesinthespndledisorionandtheprocesingprocssproducesinpirstrbles,usesasupporingonthetaltock,withsandsthespindecentrborewiththenuerialcontolturnpaterottionspooltheadcoaxilapextoaketheauxiirysuppoting.Thecoluncampathbaseoneachsecionusualyisandsoondeep,selctsthelatbasecolunendillprocesinggenerll.Beorethecoluncamilingprocesingusualyisasoldcicularcylnde,ustpassthroughworkingprocedueandsoonslo,roughachinng,halfpreisonwork,preisonwork;Becausethetroughcavtywidthisbig,Thereore,exceptthetroughworkingprocdureandaroughachiningworkingproceduepartofknivesposiionspathayalongbesidethetroughcaviyiddlelineproducion,otherknieposiionpathsthenustbealongthetroughcaviycentralgnentlt,arerightnearbytwoaccodingtotheCorrespondng.Figure1columncampathtwo-dimensionaldevelopedviewSecond,SolutonodelInthecoluncampathnuericalcontolprocesing,howextactsineachworkingprocduretoprocsstwosdessuacestheknieposiionpathiske.Regardingtheperpheryoncampath,usualyislaunchsirsttheroundcylnde,extactsthsworkingprocdureintheXSplanetoprocsstwosidessuracestheknieposiionpathtolaunchcurveX;Thentrnsorsthoughthecoordnats,willlaunchthecurveStrnsorationwillbeonourcoordnatesenginebedsknieposiionpath.UnderdiscusesnoatterwhatinaprocesingworkingprocdurelaunchscurveXSthesoluionethod,aswellasproducioninalknieposiionpathcoordnatestansorationethod.curveXSthesoluionLikechart2shows,Loisthecoluncampathiddlelin,regadingtheiworkingprocedue,LliandLrirepeciveythetroughcavtywhichisgoingtoprocesbethsworkingproceduelet,therighttwosidessuracelaunchsthecurv,thiswidthisBi,processesthecuttingtoolradiusisr(obviously2r≤Bi),processesthiscavitytobeleft,therightsideknieposiionpathlunchesthecurveisCLliandCLri,supposesPoisinatroughcaviyiddlelinespot,PoisthetroughcavtyiddlelineinthePoplaelawaro,Thenislet,therightknieposiionpathlunchesinthecurvecorespondngpointspliandthepricoputatonalethodis:()Figre2clncampahtwo-densioaldeeoedviwoalongthetroughcaviyiddlelineigraton,naelyayextactthisworkingprocedueknieposiionpathtolaunchcuveXSintheXOSplane;Accordingtotheprocesingworkingprocedue,changsineachworkingprocedueintuntroughwidthBi,thnextacstheprocesingtoneedthetroughcaviyallknivesposiionpathtolaunchthecurv.2.AlongcampahiddlelineproessngcoodinaestrnsorationethodAbovethecoputatonislaunchsintheplaneintheroundcylndertocaryon,inordertoextacttheprocssingcouncampathcaviytheknieposiionpath,ustlaunchtheplaneinthecurvetotrnsormtotheroundcylnderin.ThesuppostionrottingaxisorciclesXaxisAaxs,piisinaknieposiionpathknieposiionspot,itlaunhesinthecuveinthetwo-diensionalsuracethecoordnatesor(x,),onourcoodinaesenginebedscoordnatesis(x,,a.Becausethecoluncampathcavtyusualyisandsoondeep,theeore,thezcoordnatesinestblihaterdepthswhichneedstoprocss,intheprocesingisinvaiabe;Below()ntheorula,Risthecoluncamshatradus.Theprevoustypeisthepreentunivesalusecoodinaestrnsorationorula,rgardngusesthestandrdcutingtooltoprocssthecoluncamalongthecampathiddlelineillngiscorec.thequestonanalyistotheprevoustypeinthewidthtoughcoluncamprocesinghenapplestheprevoustypeprootioninthewidthtroughcoluncamnuericalcontolprocesing,hashadsoequesionsacualythroughthecoordnatestrnsorationcoputaionknieposiionpathintheactulprocesing.Finishdaterthecouncampathprocesing,inordertoexainewhetherconorstotherequreent,withthediaeterwasequaltothecoluncambowlexaineshascariesontheexainaton,discovredactullyprocssesthetroughwidthdoesnotwaitorthephenoenonwhich,hasjas.Thecarulobservtion,procssesorignalyontroughcaviyplaneofnoralsecionnotalwaysineriorwidthrecangulrtrough,butsoetiesisonunderthewidththenarowloudspekertrough.Inordrtoclaiyreaon,(2)expessedthecoordnatestrnsorationethodtotheorulatocaryonthethoroughanalyisandtheresarch.Likechart3shows,(1)ayknowbytheorula,procesesthetroughcavtytwosidessuracesknieposiionpathon-ineplandtheprspotisbythetroughcaviyiddlelneinpoequa-spcebiasbut,(2)trnsorsatertheorula,plandtheprpointcorespondencecornerisnotequaltoaPo corne,alsoisplandprcorespondingcuterbarvectorvlvlandpopointcorespondencecuterbarvectorvovonotparlel,theeore,procesesthetroughcavtyhasbecoeonundernatualythewidththenarowloudspekertrough,butisnotonineriorwidthrecangulrtoughwhichneeds.Supposesthesecionandthespoolthradincudedangleorthea,thecoluncamshatradusisR,cuterbarvectorlVl andootheangeeroris:δ＝(B/2－r)sn/R (3)a)Cylnder cam slot sketh ap b)TheA-A cutsto ace enletheskethapChart3Coluncampathprocssingscheaticdrawing(3)ayknowbytheorula,whenθ=0°,whenisthecampathiddlelneandthecolunspoolthradverial,theangleerorisazero,naelythetroughcavtyisontheinerorwidthrecangulrouth;henθ=90°,whenisthecampathiddlelineandthecolunspoolthradpaalel,theangeerorachivedbigges,thistiethetroughcaviytrupet-shapedobjectphenoenonisostserous;hen0<θ<90,alongwith θinceasng,angleerorbigge,thetupet-shpedobjectphenoenonisalsooreseious.Theactulprocssingappersthephenoenoniscopleteyconsitentwiththeaboveanaysi,thsexplinedorula(3)theanaysisisentreyaccuate.4.de trough colun cam nuericl contol procesing coordnatestrnsorationethodMayknowbytheaboveanalyis,theorula(2)cretesthecampathoronwidthunderthenarowtrupet-shapedobjectainreaonis,plandtheprpointcorespondencecornrisdeerstothesetwo,butslandsrwhichselctsownarclenghvalueslandsrcalulaesaeisnotequaltotroughcavtycentalpointpoarclenghvalueso.Therore,ifplandtheprpointcorespondencecornerdeerstotroughcavtycenralpointpoarclngthvauesotocalulae,ayelinatethskindofloudspekertoughphenoenon.Accordngtothskindofentait,aganstuctuecoordnatestrnsorationorula.o-densionallaunchsintheplneintheroundcylnde,supposesthetroughcavtyiddlelinetolaunchinthecuveaspotispo(xo,So),procssesontwosidessuracestocorespondthekniepostionspotintolaunchinthecurvethespotispl(xsl)andpr(xpr),then,thecoordnatestrnsorationorulais:()Theapplcatonorula(4)produceswhenknieposiionpathprocesingcoluncampath,thereultconorstotheabovetenaiveplancoplete,procesesthecoluncampathaleadydidnothaveonunderthewidththenarowloudspekertroughphenoenon,butwasthetueonineriorwideretangetrough.Rfn：WC,nYReserchngDesignensortheRedesignofProductFromDesignStudis2003.24(2)173-180J,LiuCerorcorectonethodorCNCachinetoolsusingreereneparansacionsofNAMRE/SME,1994.GTheachinetool taskorch.BalHarbour BalHabourHotel,1980.4.GeneFrankln FeedbackcontolofDynais.systs,4E.譯文：寬槽圓柱凸輪數(shù)控加工技術(shù)的研究摘要:針對傳統(tǒng)銑削方法加工圓柱凸輪所產(chǎn)生的一些問題，提出了一種針對槽寬大于刀具直徑的圓柱凸輪槽的數(shù)控銑削加工方法通過分析研究建立了一種正確的坐標轉(zhuǎn)換模型，并依此加工出符合要求的寬槽圓柱凸輪。關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控加工 坐標轉(zhuǎn)換 寬槽圓柱凸輪圓柱凸輪槽一般是按一定規(guī)律環(huán)繞在圓柱面上的等寬槽對圓柱凸輪槽的數(shù)控銑削加工必須滿足以下要求1.圓柱凸輪槽的工作面即兩個側(cè)面的法截面線必須嚴格平行2.圓柱凸輪槽在工作段必須等寬這是保證滾子在圓柱凸輪槽中平穩(wěn)運動的必要條件當圓柱凸輪槽寬度不大時可以找到相應(yīng)直徑的立銑刀沿槽腔中心線進行加工比較容易加工出符合上述要求的圓柱凸輪槽據(jù)現(xiàn)有資料介紹目前圓柱凸輪的銑削加工都是用這種辦法來實現(xiàn)由于這種方法有太多的局限性給實際銑削加工帶來許多困難例如一旦找不到與槽寬尺寸相等的標準刀具時，就必須對刀具進行改制。對于槽寬尺寸較大的圓柱凸輪槽，很難找到直徑與槽寬相等的標準刀具。即使有相應(yīng)的刀具還要考慮機床主軸輸出功率及主軸和工裝夾具剛度的限制特別是機床主軸結(jié)構(gòu)對刀具的限制例如數(shù)控機床主軸頭為∶24的0號內(nèi)錐配用J40的工具系統(tǒng)則最大只能使用φ2mm的立銑刀(不論直柄還是錐柄。這對于槽寬為8m的圓柱凸輪就是本文所敘述的加工凸輪)來說是無法加工的，必須尋求新的加工方法。下面根據(jù)實踐經(jīng)驗和分析研究介紹一種用直徑小于凸輪槽寬的立銑刀對圓柱凸輪槽進行數(shù)控加工的方法，稱之為寬槽圓柱凸輪的數(shù)控加工。加工工藝圓柱凸輪槽是環(huán)繞在圓柱面上的等寬槽其加工時沿圓周表面銑削的范圍往往大于360°適于用帶有數(shù)控回轉(zhuǎn)臺的立式數(shù)控銑床進行加工根據(jù)圓柱凸輪的實際結(jié)構(gòu)選用帶鍵的心軸作凸輪加工時徑向和周向定位基準以心軸的臺肩作軸向定位基準并用心軸前端部的螺紋通過螺母壓緊圓柱凸輪圓柱凸輪的軸向和徑向尺寸一般較大為了克服由于懸臂加工時切削力所造成的心軸變形和加工過程中產(chǎn)生的振顫使用一個支承于尾座上的與數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)臺的回轉(zhuǎn)軸線同軸的頂尖頂住心軸中心孔作輔助支承。圓柱凸輪槽的底部在每一個截面上通常是等深的，一般選用平底圓柱立銑刀加工。圓柱凸輪銑削加工前通常是一個實心的圓柱體，要經(jīng)過開槽、粗加工、半精加工精加工等工序由于槽腔寬度較大因此除開槽工序及粗加工工序的一部分刀位軌跡可以沿槽腔的中心線生成之外其余刀位軌跡則必須是沿槽腔中心線向左、右兩邊按相應(yīng)的距離等距偏置生成，如圖1所示。圖1圓柱凸輪槽的二維二、求解模型在圓柱凸輪槽的數(shù)控加工中如何求出每道工序中加工兩個側(cè)表面的刀位軌跡是其中的關(guān)鍵。對于圓柱表面上的凸輪槽，通常是先將圓柱面展開，在XOS平面內(nèi)求出該工序加工兩個側(cè)表面的刀位軌跡的展開曲線XS；然后通過坐標轉(zhuǎn)換，將展開曲線XS轉(zhuǎn)換為四坐標機床上的刀位軌跡。下面討論任一加工工序中展開曲線XS的求解方法，以及生成最后刀位軌跡的坐標轉(zhuǎn)換方法。1.展開曲線XS的求解如圖2所示其中Lo為圓柱凸輪槽的中心線，對于第i道工序，Lli和Lri分別為該工序?qū)⒁庸さ牟矍坏淖笥覂蓚€側(cè)表面展開曲線此槽寬為Bi加工刀具半徑為r(顯然2r≤Bi)加工此槽腔左右側(cè)面的刀位軌跡展開曲線為CLli和CLri設(shè)Po為槽腔中心線上的一個點no為槽腔中心線在Po點處的法矢那么左、右刀位軌跡展開曲線上對應(yīng)點Pli和Pri的計算方法為：(1)圖2 圓柱凸輪槽的二維展開圖將Po點沿著槽腔中心線移動即可以求出該工序刀位軌跡在XOS平面內(nèi)的展開曲線XS按照加工工序依次改變每道工序中的槽寬度B，即可求出加工所需槽腔所有刀位軌跡的展開曲線。2.沿凸輪槽中心線加工的坐標轉(zhuǎn)換方法以上計算是在圓柱面的展開平面內(nèi)進行的，為了求出加工圓柱凸輪槽腔的刀位軌跡，必須將平面內(nèi)的展開曲線轉(zhuǎn)換到圓柱面上。假設(shè)轉(zhuǎn)動軸為繞X軸的A軸，Pi為刀位軌跡上的一個刀位點，它在二維平面展開曲線上的坐標為(x,s在四坐標機床上的坐標為(x,z,)由于圓柱凸輪槽腔通常是等深的因此z坐標在設(shè)置為所需要加工的深度值之后在加工中是不變的；對于其余三個坐標，構(gòu)造出以下坐標轉(zhuǎn)換公式：(2)式中R為圓柱凸輪軸的半上式是目前普遍使用的坐標轉(zhuǎn)換公式對于