2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南科技大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南科技大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA，“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.’’Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2，Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan（）.4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso（）.5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefictionB.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustryC.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerousworkD.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2，Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.programsB.expertsC.devicesD.creatures3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan（）.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgeryB.interactwithhumanbeingsverballyC.havealittlecommonsenseD.respondindependentlytoachangingworld4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso（）.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselvesB.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumaninterventionC.improvefactoryenvironmentsD.cultivatehumancreativity.5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructureB.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediatelyC.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformationD.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment2.單選題Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy（）?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ifyouhavefreechoicetochoosethecarsavailabletodayB.IfyouarefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletodayC.IfallcarsavailablewasfreetobechosenbyyouD.Ifyouwerefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday3.單選題Thestudent,（）atthewaythequestionwasputforward,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tosurpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.tobesurprised4.單選題DearSirs,Yourshipmentoftwelvethousand“Smart”watcheswasreceivedbyourcompanythismorning.However,wewishtomakeanumberofcomplaintsconcerningtheseriousdelayindeliveryandyourfailuretocarryoutourspecificinstructionswithregardtothisorder.Itwasstressedfromthebeginningthatthedeliverydatehadtobelessthansixweeksfromtheinitialorder,inordertomeetourowncustomers’requirements.Whileweunderstandthatdelaysinproductionareoccasionallyinevitable,wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.Latedeliveryofthegoodshascausedustodisappointseveralofourmostvaluedcustomers,andisboundtohaveanegativeeffectonpotentialfutureorders.Thesecondcomplaintconcernsthedifferenceincolorbetweenthewatchesweorderedandthosedelivered.Itwasstatedclearlyintheoriginalorderthatwatchesincombinationsofgreen/purpleandorange/purpleonlywererequired.However,onlyhalfthewatchesinthedeliveryreceivedareofthecolorsspecified.OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.Anywatchesthatarenotofthespecifiedcolorswill,ofcourse,bereturnedtoyou.Wearealsosomewhatconcernedabouttheratherpoorqualityofthegoodsreceived,sinceitisapparentthatthewatchesthatfinallyarrivedhavebeenproducedfrominferiormaterialsandhavebeenmanufacturedtoalowerstandardthanthoseinthesample.Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear,butweshouldliketopointoutthatwefeelthismattertobeentirelyyourresponsibility.Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.Welookforwardtoyourpromptreply.

Yourssincerely,

JohnSmith1.Themanufacturersof“Smart”watchesweregiventheorderbecause（）.2.Receivingwatchesinthewrongcolorsisaproblembecause（）.3.“Thelatterproblem”inparagraph4refersto（）.4.Thelastsentenceofparagraph5“Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedto...withyourcompany”suggeststhat（）.5.Thepurposeofthisletteristo（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.theyproducedthebestwatchesofitskindintheworldB.theywatcheswouldbeeasytomakeandthedesignswerealreadypreparedC.theypromisedtheycouldproduceenoughstocksquitequicklyD.theyclaimedtheorderwouldbeeasysincethewatcheswerealreadyinstock問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.theHongKongagentstressedtheneedtofulfilltheorderexactlyB.thesewatcheswillbedifficulttosellC.thesewatcheswillnotbeabletogetintothelimitedmarketD.peoplewillnotbuythewatchesatpresent問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thepoorqualityofthegoodsB.theuseofinferiormaterialsC.thelowstandardofmanufactureD.someofthewatchesnotworking問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.thecompanymaystoptradingwiththewatchmanufacturersB.thecompanywillprobablyreducethenumberofwatchestobeorderedinthefutureC.thewriterisafraidtheircompanymightgooutofbusinesssoonD.thecompanyisprobablywillingtogivethemanufacturesanotherchance問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.askforpromptreplyB.blamethemanufacturersforlatedeliveryC.complainofsomeproblemsconcerningthewatchesD.threatentocanceltheorders5.單選題They’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic（）onthecountry.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition6.單選題Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.nosuchaB.notsuchC.notasuchD.nosuch7.單選題Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments（）tohimbeforelunch.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.besentB.weresentC.weretobesentD.mustbesent8.單選題IwishI（）toswimwhenI（）younger.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.wastaught…h(huán)adbeenB.weretaught…h(huán)adbeenC.hadbeentaught…h(huán)adbeenD.hadbeentaught…was9.單選題Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.refreshedB.beingrefreshedC.havingrefreshedD.havingbeenrefreshed10.單選題Allthepartsofthewashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.normalizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.modernized11.單選題Nomatterhowfrequently（）,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed12.單選題Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hastoattract13.單選題Mutualrespectforterritorial（）isoneofthebasesuponwhichourtwocountriesdeveloprelationships.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.reliabilityB.unityC.entiretyD.integrity14.單選題Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”O(jiān)thersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not2BD.Re-B,pl2問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.FixedB.GrantedC.SupposedD.Presented15.單選題（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ThatmathematicsB.WhatmathematicsC.WheremathematicsD.Mathematics第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造性最初表現(xiàn)在_________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Humaningenuity”和“initially”可以定位到文章第一段開(kāi)頭Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring，burdensome,orjustplainnasty.（從人類(lèi)產(chǎn)生智慧初期至今，人們一直在設(shè)計(jì)越來(lái)越巧妙的工具來(lái)應(yīng)付那些危險(xiǎn)的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作。），可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明工具以處理困難和危險(xiǎn)的工作”，符合題意。由于講的是最初的創(chuàng)造力，因此可以排除A選項(xiàng)“用機(jī)器來(lái)創(chuàng)作科幻小說(shuō)”，B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)器的廣泛使用”和D選項(xiàng)“精英人士對(duì)危險(xiǎn)和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理”。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。2.詞義辨析題。題干：?jiǎn)卧~“gizmos”（第二段第一行）最有可能的意思是_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Asaresult，themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.（由此引起的結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)充斥著越來(lái)越多的智能____，盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類(lèi)勞力。），然后作者提及到了“工廠機(jī)械手”、“自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)”以及“機(jī)器人駕駛員”等等。由此我們可以認(rèn)定這些設(shè)施都是對(duì)“gizmo”的舉例和解釋。而這幾樣?xùn)|西具有一個(gè)共同的特征，即它們都是“工具”。相比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)備”最合適。A選項(xiàng)“程序”，B選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)家”和D選項(xiàng)“生物”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)本文，現(xiàn)在超越人類(lèi)能力范圍的是設(shè)計(jì)一種能________的機(jī)器人。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句話wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.（我們現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)法設(shè)計(jì)出能有足夠的常識(shí)去應(yīng)付一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)世界的機(jī)器人。），因?yàn)樵摼渲械摹癲ynamic”就是“動(dòng)態(tài)的、變化的”意思，因此我們可以判定選項(xiàng)D“對(duì)一個(gè)變化的世界獨(dú)立應(yīng)付”是可以目前不能做到，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。而C選項(xiàng)“有一些常識(shí)”，是可以做到的。第二段末尾提到therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy（已經(jīng)有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)可以進(jìn)行精確到亞毫米的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“完成諸如腦手術(shù)這樣的精細(xì)的工作”，是可以做到的，排除。第二段第三句話Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction（我們的銀行業(yè)務(wù)是在自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)完成的，它們會(huì)機(jī)械地、禮貌地感謝我們的服務(wù)。），所以現(xiàn)在的機(jī)器人例如自動(dòng)柜員機(jī)可以進(jìn)行口頭交流，B選項(xiàng)“與人類(lèi)進(jìn)行口頭交流”，排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：除了減少人類(lèi)勞動(dòng)，機(jī)器人還能夠_________。尋找機(jī)器人還能夠從事什么工作，這就需要對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，尋找答案。A選項(xiàng)提到機(jī)器人能夠?yàn)樽约鹤鰩讉€(gè)決策，通過(guò)“decision”這個(gè)單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves.（但是如果機(jī)器人要進(jìn)入節(jié)省勞力的下一個(gè)階段，他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運(yùn)行，并且至少能夠獨(dú)立地做一些決定。），這句話表明，目前機(jī)器人還不能獨(dú)立做一些決定，所以A選項(xiàng)排除。通過(guò)第三段第二句話Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror（雖然我們知道如何讓機(jī)器人去糾正一個(gè)特定的錯(cuò)誤），可知，B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)人類(lèi)干預(yù)處理一些錯(cuò)誤”，符合題意。由最后一段第二句話Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.（他們已經(jīng)制造出能夠在受控的工廠環(huán)境中識(shí)別出一毫米以內(nèi)的機(jī)器誤差的機(jī)器人。），可知機(jī)器人是受環(huán)境控制的，所以C選項(xiàng)“改善工廠環(huán)境”不正確。D選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性”，機(jī)器人的性能應(yīng)該是由人培養(yǎng)的，所以D選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。5.作者意圖題。題干：作者使用猴子的例子，為的是說(shuō)機(jī)器人_________。最后一段提到Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.（但人們看一眼迅速變化的場(chǎng)景就能夠迅速的排除98%的不相干信息，立即把注意力集中到蜿蜒的森林小路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。地球上最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)也無(wú)法達(dá)到這種能力。），由此可知，機(jī)器人、人工智能，雖然能為人類(lèi)做很多工作，但與人的大腦智能、感知能力相比，還相差甚遠(yuǎn)。所以C選項(xiàng)“在聚焦相關(guān)信息方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如人類(lèi)”，描述正確。A選項(xiàng)“被期望復(fù)制人腦內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”，B選項(xiàng)“能夠立即覺(jué)察到不正常情況”，D選項(xiàng)“最適合在受控環(huán)境下使用”，均不是作者舉例子的意圖。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。2.【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)題干主句Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy，得知if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)形式是would+動(dòng)詞原形，句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。If條件狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were而不用was)，所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：如果你可以在所有的汽車(chē)中自由選擇，你會(huì)買(mǎi)什么類(lèi)型的汽車(chē)？因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。3.【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)“thestudent”和動(dòng)詞“surprise”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以本題應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng)：surprised。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)問(wèn)題提出的方式感到驚訝，不知道如何回答。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：“智能”手表的制造商接到這個(gè)訂單是因?yàn)開(kāi)______。通過(guò)題干的內(nèi)容定位到第二段wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.（我們必須指出，向貴公司訂貨的主要原因是貴公司向我們保證交貨速度快，而貴公司現(xiàn)有庫(kù)存充足，足以確保立即裝運(yùn)。），可知D選項(xiàng)“他們聲稱(chēng)這個(gè)訂單很容易，因?yàn)檫@些手表已經(jīng)有庫(kù)存了”符合題意。選項(xiàng)A“他們生產(chǎn)了世界上這種類(lèi)型最好的手表”，B選項(xiàng)“這些手表制作起來(lái)很容易，設(shè)計(jì)也已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了”，A，B選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章并沒(méi)有提及，所以不正確，C選項(xiàng)“他們承諾他們可以很快生產(chǎn)出足夠的庫(kù)存”，與文中快速交貨的內(nèi)容不符，排除C選項(xiàng)。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：收到顏色不對(duì)的手表是個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)開(kāi)______。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“color”定位到第三段OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.（我們的香港代理人向我們保證，她曾向你方強(qiáng)調(diào)，必須嚴(yán)格按照我們的指示行事，因?yàn)槲覀冋J(rèn)為目前其他顏色的手表在該國(guó)市場(chǎng)有限。），說(shuō)明這些手表在該國(guó)市場(chǎng)小，難賣(mài)出去，故B選項(xiàng)“這些手表很難賣(mài)出去”正確，A選項(xiàng)“香港代理強(qiáng)調(diào)需要準(zhǔn)確的完成訂單”，文章有提及，但是并不是需要收到準(zhǔn)確顏色手表的原因，故排除，C選項(xiàng)“這些手表將無(wú)法進(jìn)入有限的市場(chǎng)”，和文章表達(dá)的其他顏色的手表在該國(guó)市場(chǎng)有限有出入，所以不正確。D選項(xiàng)“人們現(xiàn)在不會(huì)買(mǎi)手表”，屬于無(wú)中生有。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：文章第四段的“Thelatterproblem”指的是________。由題干可以定位到文章第四段Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear（我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)一些手表似乎不工作。目前尚不清楚后一種情況是由于生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量差，運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中損壞，還是電池?fù)p壞造成的），所以這里的“Thelatterproblem”指的是手表似乎不工作，與D選項(xiàng)“有些手表似乎不工作”表達(dá)的意思一致，A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較差”，B選項(xiàng)“使用劣質(zhì)的材料”，C選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低”，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是收到產(chǎn)品的問(wèn)題，但并不是latterproblem指代的內(nèi)容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D。4.推理判斷題。題干：文章第五段的最后一句話“當(dāng)然，我們也不得不……和你們公司”，意味著_________。可以定位到文章第五段的內(nèi)容Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.（因此，由于上述問(wèn)題的結(jié)果，我們認(rèn)為最合適的行動(dòng)方案是將任何未付款的被認(rèn)為不令人滿意的貨物退還給你，并從我們的最終結(jié)算中減去任何由此產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。當(dāng)然，我們也不得不重新考慮是否要向貴公司下進(jìn)一步的訂單。），該段明確指出，由于上述問(wèn)題，會(huì)退還一部分的貨物，并且考慮是否要向貴公司下進(jìn)一步的訂單，所以A“該公司可能會(huì)停止與手表制造商的貿(mào)易”正確，B選項(xiàng)“該公司將來(lái)可能會(huì)減少手表的訂購(gòu)數(shù)量”，該公司現(xiàn)在就會(huì)退還一部分貨物，并將來(lái)可能會(huì)終止合作，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確，C選項(xiàng)“作者擔(dān)心他們的公司可能會(huì)很快破產(chǎn)”，文中沒(méi)有提到作者對(duì)于其公司的態(tài)度，排除。D選項(xiàng)“公司可能愿意再給制造商一次機(jī)會(huì)”，沒(méi)有提到愿不愿意給機(jī)會(huì)讓制造商改進(jìn)問(wèn)題，綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干：這封信的目的是______。文章開(kāi)頭就提到，制造商的貨物已經(jīng)收到，明確表達(dá)這封信的目的就是對(duì)于交貨的延遲以及沒(méi)有遵循其明確的指示表示幾點(diǎn)抱怨。第一段是抱怨交貨時(shí)間推遲，第二段是抱怨手表顏色不對(duì)，第三段是抱怨質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。所以整篇文章目的就是向供貨商抱怨手表的問(wèn)題，所以C選項(xiàng)“抱怨關(guān)于手表的一些問(wèn)題”正確。5.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enclosure“圍墻，圍場(chǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)restriction“限制，約束”；C選項(xiàng)blockade“包圍，封鎖”；D選項(xiàng)prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖”。句意：他們解除了對(duì)該國(guó)長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年的經(jīng)濟(jì)封鎖。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。6.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是習(xí)慣用法，意思為“沒(méi)有…這樣的事”。句意：土地歸城市所有，沒(méi)有土地私有這回事。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。7.【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示“建議，要求，命令”有關(guān)的單詞+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式是should+動(dòng)詞原形（should可以省略）。另外，文件和送達(dá)的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)，所以要用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：我的老板要求在午飯前把法律文件交給他。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。8.【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish+賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句表達(dá)的是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。句子應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，hadbeentaught，故排除A、B選項(xiàng)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)的是過(guò)去年輕的時(shí)候，所以要用過(guò)去時(shí):was。句意：我希望在我年輕的時(shí)候?qū)W了游泳。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。9.【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。B選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式，“beingdone”，C選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成形式“havingdone”，D選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成+被動(dòng)形式“havingbeendone”，句意：?jiǎn)潭燃倩貋?lái)，醒來(lái)后精神抖擻。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)。10.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)normalize“正?；Ｒ?guī)化，規(guī)格化”；B選項(xiàng)standardize“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”；C選項(xiàng)mechanize“使機(jī)械化，機(jī)械化”；D選項(xiàng)modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”，句意：這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)的所有零件都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了，所以要更換它們很方便。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。11.【答案】A【解析】考查分詞用法。nomatterhow引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后接形容詞、分詞或副詞，表示“不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何”。本題中動(dòng)詞“perform”的邏輯主語(yǔ)是“theworksofBeethoven”，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“貝多芬的作品被演奏”，因而要用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Nomatterhowoftenrepeated，therumorisnottrue。（謠言無(wú)論被重復(fù)多少次也不是真的。）選項(xiàng)D用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)，故D選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：盡管貝多芬的作品經(jīng)常被演奏，它們還是吸引大批聽(tīng)眾。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。12.【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在itis+表示要求，建議，必要，命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，imperative表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：吸引更多的投資到造船業(yè)是勢(shì)在必行的。因此,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。13.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；B選項(xiàng)unity“團(tuán)結(jié)，一致”；C選項(xiàng)entirety“全部，完全”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，例句：Thepeaceplanhasnotbeenacceptedinitsentiretybyallparties.（該和平計(jì)劃還沒(méi)有被各方全部接受。）；D選項(xiàng)integrity“完整；正直”強(qiáng)調(diào)領(lǐng)土完整不可分割，例句：Separatistmovementsareathreattotheintegrityofthenation.（分裂活動(dòng)是對(duì)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土完整的威脅。）。句意：相互尊重領(lǐng)土完整是兩國(guó)發(fā)展關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)之一。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。14.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：這篇文章的主旨是？這文章全文是關(guān)于“密碼”。文章第一段就出現(xiàn)了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何選擇既安全又簡(jiǎn)單易記的密碼。后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做出了回答，所以選項(xiàng)D“如何選擇一個(gè)安全方便的密碼”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如何通過(guò)密碼加強(qiáng)安全性”，是文章第五段的主要內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“如何選擇一個(gè)容易記住的密碼”，是文章第六