2023年考研考博-考博英語-武漢大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-武漢大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.翻譯題中國作為一個發(fā)展中國家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和保護環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。然而，我國人口眾多，資源相對不足，經(jīng)濟規(guī)模越來越大，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源和環(huán)境之間的矛盾日益突出。環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重，生態(tài)狀況惡化、資源耗費巨大、回收率低而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境破壞等問題，已成為中國經(jīng)濟保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。從國情出發(fā)，中國在全面推進現(xiàn)代化的進程中，已將環(huán)境保護視為一項基本國策，將實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項重要戰(zhàn)略，同時在全國范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護活動，環(huán)境惡化的狀況基本得到了控制。實踐證明，我們協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護兩者之間關(guān)系的做法是行之有效的。人類發(fā)展只有合理地利用自然界，與自然界保持和諧關(guān)系，才能維持和發(fā)展人類所創(chuàng)造的文明，才能與自然界共生共榮、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中國作為國際社會的成員，在努力保護自己環(huán)境的同時，還積極參與國際環(huán)保事務(wù)，促進國際環(huán)保合作，并認(rèn)真履行國際義務(wù)。所有這些都充分表明了中國政府和人民保護全球環(huán)境的誠意和決心。Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.2.翻譯題在得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道,一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓感被打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來。一個春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設(shè)宴,霎時賓客云集,笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗簾,窺見園中大千世界一片繁華。自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄也穿插其間,個個喜氣洋洋。一霎時,一陣被人摒棄、為世所遺忘的悲憤兜上心頭,禁不住痛哭起來。Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.3.翻譯題(1)Someauthoritiesdeclarethatpeoplemayactuallygoinsaneinordertofindinthedreamland(夢境)ofinsanity,thefeelingofimportancethathasbeendeniedthemintheharshworldofreality.TherearemorepatientssufferingfrommentaldiseasesintheUnitedStatesthanfromallotherdiseasescombined.Whatisthecauseofinsanity?Nobodycananswersuchasweepingquestion,butweknowthatcertaindiseases,suchassyphilis(梅毒),breakdownanddestroythebraincellsandresultininsanity.Infact,aboutone-halfofallmentaldiseasescanbeattributedtosuchphysicalcausesasbrainlesions(腦病變),alcohol,toxinsandinjuries.Buttheotherhalf—andthisistheappallingpartofthestory—theotherhalfofthepeoplewhogoinsaneapparentlyhavenothingorganicallywrongwiththeirbraincells.Inpost-mortemexaminations(尸檢),whentheirbraintissuesarestudiedunderthehighest-poweredmicroscopes,thesetissuesarefoundtobeapparentlyjustashealthyasyoursandmine.Whydothesepeoplegoinsane?Iputthatquestiontotheheadphysicianofoneofourmostimportantpsychiatrichospitals.Thisdoctor,whohasreceivedthehighesthonoursandthemostcovetedawardsforhisknowledgeofthissubject,toldmefranklythathedidn’tknowwhypeoplewentinsane.Nobodyknowsforsure.Buthedidsaythatmanypeoplewhogoinsanefindininsanityafeelingofimportancethattheywereunabletoachieveintheworldofreality.(2)Ifsomepeoplearesohungryforafeelingofimportancethattheyactuallygoinsanetogetit,imaginewhatmiracleyouandIcanachievebygivingpeoplehonestappreciationthissideofinsanity.OneofthefirstpeopleinAmericanbusinesstobepaidasalaryofoveramilliondollarsayearwasCharlesSchwab.HehadbeenpickedbyAndrewCarnegietobecomethefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedUnitedStatesSteelCompanyin1921,whenSchwabwasonlythirty-eightyearsold.WhydidAndrewCarnegiepayamilliondollarsayear,ormorethanthreethousanddollarsaday,toCharlesSchwab?Why?BecauseSchwabwasagenius?No.Becauseheknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanotherpeople?Nonsense.CharlesSchwabtoldmehimselfthathehadmanymenworkingforhimwhoknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanhedid.Schwabsaidthathewaspaidthissalarylargelybecauseofhisabilitytodealwithpeople.Iaskedhimhowhedidit.Hereishissecretsetdowninhisownwords—wordsthatoughttobecastineternalbronzeandhungineveryhomeandschool,everyshopandofficeintheland—wordsthatchildrenoughttomemorizeinsteadofwastingtheirtimememorizingtheconjugationofLatinverbsortheamountoftheannualrainfallinBrazil—wordsthatwillallbuttransformyourlifeandmineifwewillonlylivethem:“Iconsidermyabilitytoarouseenthusiasmamongmypeople,”saidSchwab,“thegreatestassetIpossess,andthewaytodevelopthebestofapersonisbyappreciationandencouragement.“Thereisnothingelsethatsokillstheambitionsofapersonascriticismsfromsuperiors.Inevercriticizeanyone.Ibelieveingivingapersonincentivetowork.SoIamanxioustopraisebutloathtofindfault.IfIlikeanything,Iamheartyinmyapprobationandlavishinmypraise.”ThatiswhatSchwabdid.Butwhatdoaveragepeopledo?Theexactopposite.(3)Iftheydon’tlikeathing,theybawlouttheirsubordinates;iftheydolikeit,theysaynothing.Astheoldcoupletsays:“OnceIdidbadandthatIheardever/TwiceIdidgood,butthatIheardnever.”“Inmywideassociationinlife,meetingwithmanyandgreatpeopleinvariouspartsoftheworld,”Schwabdeclared,(4)“Ihaveyettofindtheperson,howevergreatorexalted(尊貴的)hisstation,whodidnotdobetterworkandputforthgreatereffortunderaspiritofapprovalthanhewouldeverdounderaspiritofcriticism.”4.單選題Foryearspediaticiansdidn’tworrymuchabouttreatinghypertensionintheirpatients.Afterall,kidsgrowsofast,it’shardkeepingupwiththeirshoesize,letalonetheirbloodpressure.Sure,hypertensioninadultsplacesthematgreaterriskofheartattackandstroke.Butnobodylikestheideaofstartingyoungstersonblood-pressuremedicinetheycouldwinduptakingtherestoftheirlives.Whoknowswhatpreviouslyunheard-ofsideeffectscouldcropupafterfiveprsixdecadesofdailyuse?Therationalehasbeen:kidsgrowoutofsomanythings,maybethey'llgrowoutofthistoo.Now,though,comeswordthathighbloodpressurecanbedestructiveeveninchildhood.AccordingtoarecentreportinthejournalCirculation,19of130childrenwithhighbloodpressuredevelopedadangerousthickeningoftheheartmusclethat,inadultsatleast,hasbeenlinkedtoheartfailure.“Nooneknowsifthispatternholdstrueforyoungerpatientsaswell,”saysDr.StephenDaniels,apediatriccardiologistwholedthestudyatChildrensHospitalMedicalCenterinCincinnati,Ohio.“Butit’sworrisome.”Who’smostatrisk?Boysmorethangirls,especiallyboyswhoareoverweight.Theirheartworkssohardtoforcebloodthroughextralayersoffatthatitswallsgrowmoredense.Then,afterdecadesofstraining,itgrowstoobigtopumpbloodverywell.Fortunatelytheabnormal,thickeningcanbespottedbyultrasound.Andinmostcase,gettingthatbloodpressureundercontrol—throughweightlossandexerciseor,asalastresort,drugtreatment一allowstheoverworkedmuscletoshrinktonormalsize.Howcanyoutellifyoursarelikethe670,000Americanchildrenages10to18withhighbloodpressure?It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery.Youshouldhaveatestdonebyadoctor,whowillconsultspecialtablesthatindicatemenormalrangeofbloodpressureforaparticularchild’sage,heightandsex.Ifthedoctorfindsanabnormalresulthewillrepeatthetestoveraperiodofmonthstomakesurethereadingisn’tafake.He’llalsocheck,whetherotherconditions,likekidneydisease,couldbethesourceofthetrouble.BecausehypertensioncanbehardtodetecttheNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstituterecommendsannualblood-pressurechecksforeverychildoverage3.Abouthalfthecasesofhypertensionstemdirectlyfromkidsbeingoverweight.Andtheproblemislikelytogrow.Overthepast30yearstheproportionofchildrenintheU.S.whoareoverweighthasdoubled,from5%to11%or4.7millionkids.Youcankeepyourchildrenfromjoiningtheirranksbyclearingthejunkfoodfromyourpantryandhookingyoukids—theearlierthebetter一onhealthy,attractivesnackslikefruits(tryfreezinggrapesorcarrotstickswithsalsa).Notonlywilltheyloweryourchildren’sbloodpressure:thesefoodswillalsoboosttheirimmunesystemandunclogtheirplumbing.Meanwhile,makesureyourkidsspendmoretimeontheplaygroundthanwiththeirPlay-Station.Eveniftheydon’tshedapound,vigorousexercisewillhelpkeeptheirbloodvesselsniceandwide,loweringtheirbloodpressure.Andofcourse,they’llbemorelikelytoeatlightandexerciseifyousetagoodexample.1.Theword“unclog”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby（）.2.Bysaying“It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery”,thewriterimplies（）.3.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuggestedbythewritertocontrolhypertension?4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.問題1選項A.fixB.clearC.hinderD.dismantle問題2選項A.hypertensionishardtodetectB.childrenoftenrefusetohavetheirbloodpressuretestedC.you’llhavetopayalotofmoneyifyouwanttohaveyourchild’sbloodpressurecheckedinagroceryD.inalocalgrocery,youarefreetodeterminehowtohaveyourchild’bloodpressureexamined問題3選項A.Drugtreatment.B.Weightloss.C.Exercise.D.Overwork.問題4選項A.childrenwithhypertensionareunlikelytosufferfromheartattackandstrokeB.parent'sbloodpressuredecidestheirchildren’sbloodpressureC.besidesoverweight,thereareotherfactorsresultinginhypertensionD.vigorousexercisesometimeswillleadtohearttrouble5.不定項選擇題Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions."The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

問題1選項A.Itisexpandable.B.Itlookslikeatoy.C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.問題2選項A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.問題3選項A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.問題4選項A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.6.單選題ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotherisksofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBACsof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry’spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheavierdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicated.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AstheBritishincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnotbestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughintheensuingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.WhetherpenaltiesfordrivingwithahighBACorexcessivetaxationonconsumptionofalcoholicbeverageswilldetertheexcessivedrinkersresponsibleformostfatalitiesisunclear.Inpart,theanswerdependsontheextenttowhichthosewithhighBACsinvolvedincrashesarecapableofcontrollingtheirintakeinresponsetoeconomicorpenalthreat.Therapeuticprogramswhichrangefromindividualandgroupcounselingandpsychotherapytochemotherapyconstituteanotherapproach,buttheyhavenotdiminishedtheproportionofaccidentsinwhichalcoholwasafactor.Inthefewcontrolledtrialsthathavebeenreported,thereislittleevidencethatrehabilitationprogramsforthoserepeatedlyarrestedfordrunkenbehaviorhavereducedeithertherecidivismorcrashrates.Thusfar,thereisnofirmevidencethatAlcoholSafetyActionProjectsupportedprograms,inwhichrehabilitationmeasuresarerequestedbythecourt,havedecreasedrecidivismorcrashinvolvementforclientsexposedtothem,althoughknowledgeandattitudeshaveimproved.Onethingisclear,however,unlesswedealwithautomobileandhighwaysafetyandreduceaccidentsinwhichalcoholicintoxicationplaysarole,manywillcontinuetodie.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.2.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain（）.3.TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto（）.4.Theauthor’sclosingremarkscanbestbedescribedas（）.問題1選項A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalitiesB.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdrivingC.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrankdrivingintheUnitedStatesD.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalities問題2選項A.changedanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrivingwhileintoxicatedB.madeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicatedC.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrestsD.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinks問題3選項A.provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofintoxicateddriverswillnotdeterdrunkdrivingB.provethatstricterenforcementoflawsagainstintoxicateddriverswouldreducetrafficdeathsC.showthattheproblemofdrunkdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.D.suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminallaws問題4選項A.ironicB.indignantC.indifferentD.indecisive7.寫作題Directions:Opinionsvaryaboutthemostimportantfactorthatinfluencesastudent’ssuccessinschool.Somepeoplearguethatthemostimportantfactorisagoodteacher.Giveyourcommentbyusingspecificreasonsandexamples.Pleasewriteanessayonthistopicinnolessthan200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.8.翻譯題給予最重要的意義并不在于物質(zhì)方面，而尤其在于人性方面。一個人會給予另一個人什么呢？他把自己擁有的最珍貴的東西給予別人，把自己的生命給予別人。這不一定意味著他要為別人而犧牲自己的生命，而是指他把自己身上的存在的東西給予別人，把自己的快樂、理解、知識、幽默、哀愁，把他身上存在的所有東西表露和顯現(xiàn)給別人。在他把自己的生命給予別人的同時，他豐富了別人的生命。通過提高自己的生存感，他會提高別人的生存感。他不是為了獲取才給予；給予本身就是一種強烈的快樂。當(dāng)然，在給予中，他不知不覺地使別人身上某些東西得到新生，這種新生的東西反過來又給他帶來了新的希望；在真誠的給予中，他無意識地得到了別人給他的回饋。給予暗示了讓對方也成為給予者；雙方共同分享他們已使某些東西得到了新生的快樂。在給予的行為中，某種東西得以新生，而對于這新生事物，涉及的雙方都充滿感激之情。僅就愛而言，這意味著愛是一種能產(chǎn)生愛的力量；沒有（這種）力量就不會產(chǎn)生愛。9.不定項選擇題AsteroidsandcometsthatrepeatedlysmashedintotheearlyEarthcoveredtheplanet’ssurfacewithmoltenrockduringitsearliestdays,butstillmayhaveleftoasesofwaterthatcouldhavesupportedtheevolutionoflife,scientistssay.Thenewstudyrevealsthatduringtheplanet’sinfancy,thesurfaceoftheEarthwasahellishenvironment,butperhapsnotashellishasoftenthought,scientistsadded.Earthformedabout4.5billionyearsago.Thefirst500millionyearsofitslifeareknownastheHadeanEon.Althoughthistimeamountstomorethan10percentofEarth’shistory,littleisknownaboutit,sincefewrocksareknownthatareolderthan3.8billionyearsold.FormuchoftheHadean,Earthanditssisterworldsintheinnersolarsystemwerepummeledwithanextraordinarynumberofcosmicimpacts.“ItwasthoughtthatbecauseoftheseasteroidsandcometsflyingaroundcollidingwithEarth,conditionsonearlyEarthmayhavebeenhellish,”saidleadstudyauthorSimoneMarchi,aplanetaryscientistattheSouthwestResearchInstituteinBoulder,Colorado.Thisimaginedhellishnessgavetheeonitsname—HadeancomesfromHades,thelordoftheunderworldinGreekmythology.However,inthepastdozenyearsorso,aradicallydifferentpictureoftheHadeanbegantoemerge.Analysisofmineralstrappedwithinmicroscopiczirconcrystalsdatingfromthiseon“suggestedthattherewasliquidwateronthesurfaceoftheEarthbackthen,clashingwiththepreviouspicturethattheHadeanwashellish,”Marchisaid.ThiscouldexplainwhytheevidenceoftheearliestlifeonEarthappearsduringtheHadean—maybetheplanetwaslessinhospitableduringthateonthanpreviouslythought.TheexacttimingandmagnitudeoftheimpactsthatsmashedEarthduringtheHadeanareunknown.Togetanideaoftheeffectsofthisbombardment,Machiandhiscolleagueslookedatthemoon,whoseheavilycrateredsurfacehelpedmodelthebatteringthatitscloseneighborEarthmusthaveexperiencedbackthen.“Wealsolookedathighlysiderophileelements(elementsthatbindtightlytoiron),suchasgold,deliveredtoEarthasaresultoftheseearlycollisions,andtheamountsoftheseelementstellsusthetotalmassaccretedbyEarthastheresultsofthesecollisions,”Marchisaid.Priorresearchsuggeststheseimpactsprobablycontributedlessthan0.5percentoftheEarth’spresent-daymass.Theresearchersdiscoveredthat“thesurfaceoftheEarthduringtheHadeanwasheavilyaffectedbyverylargecollisions,byimpactorslargerthan100kilometersorso—really,reallybigimpactors,”Marchisaid.“WhenEarthhasacollisionwithanobjectthatbig,thatmeltsalargevolumeoftheEarth’scrustandmantle,coveringalargefractionofthesurface,”Marchiadded.ThesefindingssuggestthatEarth’ssurfacewasburiedoverandoveragainbylargevolumesofmoltenrock—enoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheEarthseveraltimes.ThishelpsexplainwhysofewrockssurvivefromtheHadean,theresearcherssaid.1.WhyisitlittleknownabouttheEarth'sfirst500millionyears?2.WhyistheearlyEarthimaginedtobehellish?3.WhywastheearlyEarthinfactlessinhospitablethanoftenthought?4.HowcanthemoonhelpwiththeunderstandingoftheimpactsthatsmashedtheEarth?問題1選項A.Becauseitisanimaginedperiodoftime.B.Becausethisperiodisoflittlesignificance.C.Becauseitisimpossibletoknowaboutthisperiod.D.Becausenorocksareavailableasresearchevidence.問題2選項A.Becauseitwasoftensmashedbyasteroidsandcomets.B.BecausebackthenHades,thelordofHell,resigned.C.BecauseitwassoaccordingtoGreekmythology.D.Becausebackthentherewasnolife.問題3選項A.BecausemineralsoftheHadeanhavebeenfoundsuggestingtheexistenceoflife.B.Becausetheclashingbroughtbyasteroidsandcometswasnotcompletelydamaging.C.BecauseduringtheHadeantherealreadyexistedtheevidenceoflife.D.BecausetherehadalreadybeenliquidwaterontheEarthbackthen.問題4選項A.ThemoononcesmashedintotheEarthtoo.B.ThemoonwasbatteredearlierthantheEarth.C.Themoon,asacloseneighbor,iseasiertoobserve.D.Themoon'ssurfaceisheavilycrateredastheEarth's.10.翻譯題為了尋找實驗室試驗的替代品，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家十分關(guān)注歷史所提供的自然實驗。例如，當(dāng)中東戰(zhàn)爭中斷了原油運輸時，全世界石油價格飛漲。對石油和石油產(chǎn)品的消費者來說，這個事件降低了他們的生活水平。對經(jīng)濟決策者來說，它提出了選擇最優(yōu)反應(yīng)的難題。但對經(jīng)濟科學(xué)家來說，它提供了研究關(guān)鍵自然資源對世界經(jīng)濟影響的機會，而且，在戰(zhàn)爭引起的石油價格上漲結(jié)束后，這種機會還會持續(xù)很長時間。因此，在本書中我們要考慮許多歷史事件。這些事件之所以具有研究價值，既是因為它們能使我們了解過去的經(jīng)濟，更重要的則是因為它們使我們可以說明并評價現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟理論。Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.11.翻譯題"Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.(1)Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthose,whothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.Moreover,ourlifeisnothingmorethanourtime.Tokilltimeisthereforeaformofsuicide.(2)Weareshockedwhenwethinkofdeath,andwesparenopains,notrouble,andnoexpensetopreservelife.Butwearetoooftenindifferenttothelossofanhouroraday,forgettingthatourlifeisthesumtotalofthedaysandofthehourswelive.Adayoranhourwastedisthereforesomuchlifeforfeited.Letusbearthisinmind,andwasteoftimewillappeartousinthelightofacrimeasculpableassuicideitself.Thereisathirdconsiderationwhichalsotendstowarnusagainstlossoftime.Ourlifeisabriefspanmeasuringsomesixtyorseventyyearsinall,butnearlyonehalfofthishastobespentinsleep;someyearshavetobespentoverourmeals;someoverdressingandundressing;someinmakingjourneysonlandandvoyagesbysea;someinmerry-marking,eitheronourownaccountorforthesakeofothers;someincelebratingreligiousandsocialfestivities;someinwatchingoverthesick-bedsofournearestanddearestrelatives.(3)Nowifalltheseyearsweretobedeductedfromthetermoverwhichourlifeextendsweshallfindaboutfifteenortwentyyearsatourdisposalforactivework.Whoeverremembersthiscanneverwillinglywasteasinglemomentofhislife.“Itisastonishing"saysLordChesterfield,“thatanyonecansquanderawayinabsoluteidlenessonesinglemomentofthatportionoftimewhichisallottedtousinthisworld.Knowthetruevalueoftime;snatch,seize,andenjoyeverymomentofit!”Alltimeisprecious;butthetimeofourchildhoodandofouryouthismorepreciousthananyotherportionofourexistence.Forthosearetheperiodswhenalonewecanacquireknowledgeanddevelopourfacultiesandcapacities.(4)Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifetoslipawayunutilized,weshallneverbeabletorecouptheloss.Aswegrowolder,ourpowerofacquisitiongetsblunted,sothattheartorsciencewhichisnotacquiredinchildhoodoryouthwillneverbeacquiredatall.Justasmoneylaidoutatinterestdoublesandtremblesitselfintime,sotheprecioushoursofchildhoodandyouth,ifproperlyused,willyieldusincalculableadvantages.“Everymomentyoulose,”saysLordChesterfield,“issomuchcharacterandadvantagelost;asontheotherhand,everymomentyounowemployusefullyissomuchtimewiselylaidoutatprodigiousinterest.”Aproperemploymentoftimeisofgreatbenefittousfromamoralpointofview.IdlenessisjustlysaidtobetherustofthemindandanidlebrainissaidtobeSatan'sworkshop.Itismostlywhenyoudonotknowwhattodowithyourselfthatyoudosomethingillorwrong.Themindoftheidlerpreysuponitself.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.

12.單選題Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,