公共英語一級考試練習題及答案

第2021公共英語一級考試練習題及答案2021公共英語一級考試練習題及答案

SuperconductingMaterials

Thestoneage，TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience——oncetheleastsexytechnology-isburstingwithnew，practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture：fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth，theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics，glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.

Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers‘increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics，forexample，havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit，scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.

Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges，ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars，touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter，whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape，hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample，graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides，composites-plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds-madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat：ahelmetsavedaninfantryman‘slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.

Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.

Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult，forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.

1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?

[A]Two

[B]Three

[C]Four

[D]Five

2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?

[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.

[B]Toshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworld.

[C]Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.

[D]Toexplainhisviewpoint.

3.Whyistransitiondifficult?

[A]Becausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtime.

[B]Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.

[C]Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.

[D]Becauseittakes10years.

4.WhereliessuccessofacountryintheNewAgeofsuperstuff?

[A]Itliesinresearch.

[B]Itliesininvestment.

[C]Itliesininnovation.

[D]Itliesinapplication.

Vocabulary

1.superstuff超級材料

2.superconductingceramic超導陶瓷

3.exotic神奇的

4.shape塑造，成型

5.brittleness脆性

6.polymer聚合體

7.karatejacket空手道外衣

8.touchsensor觸及傳感器

9.eachpunchandchop每一個擊、打

10.blot玷污，損害風景的東西

11.tinker修補，調(diào)整

12.amendable服從于，遵循的

13.biodegradable能生物遞減分解的

14.six-packrings放六個罐子的環(huán)狀物

15.decompose分解

16.recyclable可循環(huán)(使用的)

17.infantryman步兵

18.deflect使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向

19.anewtwist一個新的觀點，方法

答案詳解

1.B三種超導材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應用范圍有限。但是通過改善導致脆性的微小缺陷，科學家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅實得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料?！邦愃频霓D(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強度的`塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機的葉輪。一種震動或推動就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動記錄每次擊打。”后面談及塑料垃圾可以處理，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。

2.B說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物工程和計算機一樣將改變世界?！?/p>

A.把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。

C.把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與A一樣沒有說到核心電。

D.說明他的觀點。太籠統(tǒng)。

3.A轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時間。見最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因為轉(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資