景觀設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯-城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃

城市景觀計中的生態(tài)劃Ecologicallandscapedesign:articlediscussesurbanlandscapefromtherelationthefollowingthreeconcepts:thelandscape,cityecology.Thispapermainlydiscusseshowthecity'sisainthewhichofbetweenhumanandhuman,manandTheresomesubtleamongcityhumanizedkeyword：Urbanlandscape、Livingenvironment、HumanizationI.CityTheLandscape(1)Overviewoffirst,isthinkingperformedanartactivity.DiversifiedthoughtscomplexdiverseartContemporarylandscapeseethediversityofthelandscapefactitsessenceistokeepclosingthesystem,reflectedtherespectforhumanoftheofneed,tryconquertheisevenimitatingbutproduceofbelonging.notonlyabutthevisualSoimplicationsisactuallycitydesigncreationisactuallytothecity.(2)TheRelationshipCityisaproductofanddevelopment,andthecomplexItistoartificialenvironmentalconditionsofIndecades,withtheaccelerationtheurbanheavytraffic,resourceenvironmentecologydeteriorationhasthefocusofofhumansociety.Inthecurrentenvironmentinourcountry,theproblemisveryserious.andsomeurbanpollutionhasquiteserious,andgreatlyinfluencedthesustainabledevelopmentofbetweenmanman,manandis,cessisactuallythepowersofnaturetheprocess,intoharmoniousThetheoflifeinordertosurvivetotheAtthethelivingalsoaofestablishningharmoniousTherefore,acolonylandscape,itaofbetweenmanIIcityplanninganddesign(1)cityTheurbanlandscapeincludenaturalartificialAmongthelandscapeismainlytonaturalscenery,assizehills,rivers,lakes,etc.Artificial

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃aretheculturalrelics,culturalsite,gardenartstructure,Theselandscapeofferalotofforcreatingqualitytheenvironment.Butforaurbanyoumustalloflandscapeinthesystemcreateanspaceform.inplanningThecityisanwhichcomposedwithmaterial,andsociety.Tourbanenvironmentisacommonkeyofurbanistostrengthenstrengthenwork.urbandesignintothestagesofplanning.Theurbanplanningintheplanningnotthetraditionalgarden,spaceplanning,theextensionandofit.Botharebutalsobeequal.Incityweshouldfirstanalysisurbanstructure,fullyexploitelementswhichcanreflectthecharacteristicsurban.ConsiderfortheformationofofurbanIIIecologicalplanninglandscape(1)theofurbanecologicalplanningLandscapeecologyisacrossdiscipline,patternandprocessesofinteraction,itsthemeforkgeographywithwholelandscapeasthematerialenergyflowandflowingthesurfaceofvaluethroughthebiologicalandbiologicalbetweentheprinciplesystemresearchoflandscapestructureandfunction.thedynamicofhasmechanism,theofthepattern,thestructure,thetheprotection,haveverystrongpracticability.Urbanecologicalisaandsocialcompositeartificialitincludinglifeenvironmentwithacomplexmulti-levelstructure,canbeindifferentofhumanactivitybetweencityinfluence.environmentplanningguidancecoordinationmacrodepartmentoptimizingoflandresourcesreasonableurbanenvironmentorganizationthedeployment,musthaveecologicalconcept.Onlytohaveecologicalview,totheofcityinecologicalcitygoal,totheharmoniouslivingenvironment.Inyears,landscapeplanninginurbanlandscapeurbanenvironmentdesignisused.(2)inlivingofeffectaoflandbydifferentwithvisualcharacteristicsofthewiththeeconomic,ecologicalvaluejudgmentisplanningfoundation.designalwaysistoasTheappropriatehumancanunderstandthelandscapeforforsurvival,reflectcivilizationlivingincluding

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃prudentsexecologicalstability,environmentalcrowdedindex,degreeofthecurrentmanyforresidentialareaofstatic,Ann'sexpression.alsopaidattentiontheelements,suchshapesize,densitycapacity,links,partition,locationofcontentofnaturalresourcesasimportantasAsurbanlandscapeshouldarrangethecitypattern,relativeofopenspace,thespacetodensityalternateInartificialtothevisuallandscapeProtectMinGanOutopromotespace(3)urbanlandscapeplanningoffusionofother.ThelandscapeecologicalplanningdesignitaccompaniedbyafterthearrivaloftheofindustrialNaturalofenvironmentlifeenvironment,formecologicalofrealfusion,thelongersinglecityofspecificland,letablation,toItwillletnatureindesign;LetwithaccordingtodailyLettoperception,carenaturalprocessnaturaldesign.(4)thecitylandscapethehumanized1."itwithpersonthis"designContemporaryinmeetpurposeatin-depthoftheofrealityneeds.forciviliandirection,applicationofnaturalorganiccurveformrichlifeNextisthebarrier-freedesign,nomanipulationofthedesign.Nowtherebeenthethedisabled,fromtheperspectiveofthesocialtendency,barrier-freedesignbegantopopularity,atsametimefordisadvantagedonthealsoisoverall"Itiswithpersonthis"thestillinspecialattentiontoplantofbrightsmellgoodplant,payattentionZuoJutheofthelight.Thedetailprocessingofconsiderateexpressionthesuchtheonlysteptoignoredcauseinavoidthiskindofcircumstancedobeundersteps;Andresidentialareaandinthebushsetmoppool,district'shygienewastewater"Itwithpersonthis"inmanywaysthetheis1.1humanlandscapedesignishumanlandscapeisinactivity,payattentioninviewofthetoenvironmentofthelandscapeofaneedtotheuserpsychological,andmulti-levelneeds,the"people-oriented"publicspacefromfollowingfourto

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃1.1.1leveloflandscapedesignwiththerationalityofdesignintopayattentiontospaceuseofspaceshouldmakepsychologyphysiologyfeelstilloffacilitiesto1.ThelevelofcaringheartDaniel.Inconstructionmaterialofspaceatthesametheadvocateforwithattentionthatemotion,thenthepersontoformthesecurity,fieldfeeling1.willofEmphasizestheconcernoftheinunderbackgroundofplanningandmakeenergyeffectivelyusing,tothebenefitsofofthree.1.acrowdofAdvocatebarrier-freedesign,andtrytomeettheneedsofdifferentensurethegroupofmutualinfluencebetweenactivities,letchildren,oldpeople,canenjoyoutdoorfunoflife.1.humanenvironmentaltheenvironmentbehavioristhemainresearchfield,payattentionenvironmentpeople'sexplicitthebetweentheusethepsychologythesomebasicresearchersincityarchitectureinenvironmentoftheresponse,feedbacktheinformationcanbeusedtheconstructionpsychologistdirkDEJoanforwardboundarytheory.Heoutthattheofspaceliketoarea,alsothespaceoftheofactivityareaLiketheurbanmarginofwood,street,therainawning,constructionsunkenplace,ispeoplelikeplacetoAttheedgespace,organizationstoistospaceofeyesandto"Manseeth"person'sAare"theseeth"viewerconsciouslyorobservation,ininfronttheallactivities.Atsomeofthepeoplewithstrongdesire,ininactivitiestotheattentionofothers,astoachieveself-fulfillmentTheseeminglysimpleseeth"butcanpromotespaceactivitiesproduction.Forforwalkofpedestriansbebusystreetjointheranksofshowattracts,audienceisofactivitiesofthewonderfulconversation,ofinfectionbyenvironmentalatmospherebeganactivities.Environmentalenvironmentalbehaviorrelatedknowledge,activelyspaceprovidepeopletheplaceoftalkingtoTheUrbanismcontainedansurveyofpublicurbanbydesignersincluding8,

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃PatrickSchumacher,AlexWall,and(suchasEnricBatlleJoanTrinitatCloverleafParkinhighwayintersectionforthe1992Olympics).AmericanexhibitorsCornerMathur,Waldheim’steachersfromPenn,Mapillero/PollackfromYork,Conway-SchulteofAtlantaOlympicsfame,Perez/GeorgiaDaskalakis/Das:20fromDetroit.Corner’spremiatedbutsadlyunbuiltHarborfront,LongIslandProject(1997),outinthisHisoffice,Operations,proposedasenseofurbanactivityaroundannualraisingingofthetownancientsailingshipMarisupacreatedslip,withahistoric,children’scarouselinanbandenvisionedthiseventanattractorforpeo-ple,whowouldthetowninitsoffinhabitingcreatedontheharbortowatchship’sspectacularthewinter,wouldbecomemonumental,sculpturallitatintheoftheport’scommons;theittoaccustomedwhereitswouldtowertherooftops.21Corner’sprojectintheLandscapeof“performativeurbanismbasedonpreparingthesettingforonownedincommon.presentedinStalkingDetroitfurthereachispairedwithabyalandscapearchitect.22TheMarliSantos-MunneStudioofpracticesin“DecampingDetroit”(104–Theyadvocateoffromthecity’slegalcontrol:“Dislocationofservices),Erasure”(demolitionandjumpstartingthenativelandscapebydroppingappropriatefromair),then“Absorption”(ecologicalreconstitutionofpartofasstreams),then“Infiltration(therecolonizationofthewithheteropicvillage-likeenclaves).inhiscommentary,thisproject“promptsyouonoftraditionalcolonization,fromremoval,erasure”Thisreversalofprocessestheforhybridwithdenseofactivityreconstitutionecology,startingecologicallyinner-cityurbanformintheAllofLandscapeUrbanism’striumphssofarhavebeeninsuchmarginaland“unbuilt”locations.ThesefromMarshallSteven’spremiatedformudflats,intowaterinAlenRiverCompetition(1998),wouldhavesimultaneouslytheofNewYorkreconstitutedtheBrooklynsideoftheEastanecologybeenjoyedas23theCompetition(2000),withStanAllen,againstKoolhaas(whoteams,pro-vidingatheir“EmergingEcologies”approach.ThiswaselaboratedinFieldOperations’designthatwonfirstplaceintheCompetition,

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃Island(2001).TogetherStanAllen(nowDeanatPrinceton),andtechnologicalsystems’interactionwithcharacteristicaerialpresentedprojectaseriesofoverlaid,CAD-basedactivitydiagrams,thatstackedasinanarchitectlayeredaxonometricTheselayereddrawingstheactivitiessupportplannedtooccupycreatingaofthesettingsforwithintheofInthecompetition,MathuranddaCunha’saemphasizedsystemsofsitetime,seekingplacesforresidences.InthefirstconferenceonUrban-ismatofPennsylvaniaAprilDeanGarryHack(whocoauthoredLynch’s1984thirdeditionofthesmall-scaleofparticipants(asking,“HyperofArchitecture?”).MohsenMostafavi,ChairmanofAA,speech,“LandscapeasUrban-”showingtheBarcelona-style,infrastructuralworkoffirstthreeofAAUrbanism26identifiedforurbanistsastheythechallengeofadaptingcomplexmorphologiesthatofAnglo-SaxonvillageanditsRifleranges,spectacleofthe“Devil’sNight,”andthe“StagingofVacancy”suggestedinStalkingDetroitmayprovebeinanagewhenliveinsuburbs.arewillingtopayavisiturbanspectacles.ThesecantheformofhorseinaparadeonDisneyworld’sMainStreet,oraweek-endinacity-themedLaslikeTheVenetian,withofGrandmallonthirdfloorabovegamingdesireforthecityascompressedbustleinspacesremainsstrong.EvenindowntownDetroit,smallethnicenclaveslike“GreekTownor“MexicoTown”satisfythisdemand,inthemidstoftheinterestslikeDisneyunderstandtostagecreateanstreetspectaclebasedinsetting.AsthedenseurbanofHongKongorNewYork,orevenmid-risemorphologieslikePiano’s-logicallyPotsdamPlatz,Berlin–1998),dofeatureofthisperformativeDetroitdoesdealwithofurbanmorphologiesortheofovertime.ItconcentratestheirandTheofapproachisamnesiatopreexistingstructures,urbanecologies,morphologicalAcommongroundwithouttoitit,tomakeittheirHousing,howevertransientorisofthispatternofwhetherconnectingtoaWiththislogic,InternationalinBerlinof19841987ofvacantinner-citylotswithhigh-density,low-riseinfillinofconstructionofPlatzandthedemolitionofBerlinWall.reuse,inconversionofwarehouses

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃factoriesisstrategythathasprovidedhousingandinner-cityareas.Thesehavebeenslowlyappliedwithsomeinempowermentzones,suchasinSouthChicago,aviciouslysegregatedcity,isrisingslowlyfromashes;NorthMichiganAvenueaurbanboulevard,FifthinYork,populatedhybridskyscrapercontainingmalls,hotels,offices,parkinglotsformbySkidmoreOwingsMerill’sHancockinEveninDetroit,HenryFord’sgrandrebuildingPlantasamodel,hybrid,“green”facility.arejustbeginningbattlethethornyofhowdenseurbanemergefromlandscapesupportspaces.lin-earorganizationofvillagemainstreetleadingtoawithtypologythinoneofglobalurbanpatterns,studiedbythepioneerurbanMichaelR.G.inthe28morphologistsforthecharacteristicbetweenactivityspatialpatternsinsettlements.Suchlinkages,repeatedoverformislandsoforderstructuringlargerofglobal,ecological,29Thepatternoftownstreetisexampleofurbancenter,settingthecentralforumasinaGreekRomancitygrid(andechoedinthetypology).TheIslamiccity,itsstructure,accommodatingthetopography,asthisclassicalwiththemosque,bazaar,school,replacingtheforumandtemplesatcenter.30alsowithcul-de-sacs,butbasedontypology,anothermorphologicalofwithmarkethallscitysquare.InTheMakingoftheAmerican(1990),byMichaeloftheofChicago,illustratehowmorphologyofthecityfromdensesinglecentertoa“machinecity.”Thisbipolarstructurewasbasedcreatingregionalbetweendenseandvillaedgetheseparationofconsumptionfromproduction,fromrichfrometc.).Inthesecondphase,the“city”ofthe(bestthemorphologyofLeCorbusier’sVilleRadieusewithslabtowerssetinpark-land)theold,denseIndustrialCity.Withadventtheautomobile,athirdinmulticenteredpatternpavilion,buildingwasfurtherbyairportsontheregionalJoelidentifiedasthepostmodern“EdgeCity”morphologyofmalls,officeindustrialparksandresidentialin31InEuropeCedricjokinglythesethreemorphologiesintermsofdense,hard-boiledegg”cityfixedinofdevelopmentwithinitsshellwalls.Thenthe“friedegg”city,whererailwaysstretchedthecity’sperimeterinlinear,

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃corridorslandscape,ashape.therethepostmoderncity,the“scrambledcity,”whereeverythingisevenlyingranulesorpavilionsthelandscapeinatheyoungerlikethistra-ditionofurban,morphologicalanalysiswithalight,Theof2001InternationalConferenceofPlannersmeetinginUtrecht,forusedPrice’smetaphorsstudytheimpactofmediaandcommunicationsthecity.32FranzfromtheETHZurichUrbanalso“scrambledegg”networkanalogyintheSynoikoscityProjects.TheseprojectsdistributionurbanmorphologiesincentralSwitzerlandinacultural,industrialwithinAlpinewater-sheds.33Schumacher,attheAA’shasalsohisworkfromDetroitintoinvestigationoftheroleofpersonalindynamic,morphologicalmatrixformingtemporaryincity.34HisinUrbanismprogramhavealsoshiftedtourbanstudyingVeniceitsmorphologicallandscapetoinVenice.HereSecchiandViganòcontinuetypo-logicalanalysisthe1930s,buttotheofpost-modernregion,the“ReverseCity.”Viganò’sLaCittàElementare(TheElementaryCity,1999;ittranslationintoEnglish)isexemplaryofthislargerUrbanisminfrastructuresformbasisforLeCorbusier’sworkattheAgorainChandigarhisexemplaryinitsoftheorientationtoregionalformanXaveerdeGeyterArchitects’Afterwithfifty-by-fiftykilometer“AtlasesofEuropeancitiesbyaneasilyofwiderlandscapemorphologicallinkedInAmerica,CarolWillisinFormFollows(1995)colleagueColumbiaBrianMcGrath,haveaofecology,sky-scraper,typologicalinofNewYorkinformations(2000),thewebsite.ofrichvisitorssensory2.Thedesignofsustainabledevelopmentprinciple,itecologypointoftocitysystemanalysis,withtheminimumtheminimalresourcetosatisfytheoftheharmonyofhumannaturalenvironment,citysystem-tonaturalofopenurbantolandscape'understandingoflandscapedesignandthefunctiontoreflect,havebeencompletelyofthetraditionalactivities,theconceptoflandscapeecologicalvalue,culturalvaluebeforemore

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃linkedwithbecomeprofoundalsonewtechnologytoimprovetheofenergyforsquaregarden,lightingandboxequipmentelectricity;Thewater"cycle"designcollectingrainwaterforirrigationwaterscapeprovidestheprincipleofconstructionoffootway,buoysthatenvironmentalinteresting.Andwaterdrought,doecologyecologicalXiGou"halfchange"humanizedwaterscenedifficultyoflater-periodinthewaternet,purifyingenvironmentandpromotebiodiversityplayahugeexperiencethelandscapewillsurelyistonaturethetradition,toTheurbanlandscapetheofsustainableimplementation2.1efficiencyofuseprincipleforlandtoofhumansisoftheinChina'spopulation,landresourcesdeficient,rapidlybackground,theefficientofisthatshouldconsideranimportantissue.Forcityconcerned,oftheland?Three-dimensionalefficientismeans.Theurbanlandscape"three-dimensionaltotake"ideasfollowingsixof(1)inthelimitedland,muchprovideactivityformtheplatformenvironment.(2)improveafforestationuseefficiency,insameland,adoptappropriatetonichetreesofbetweenplantingtosolvegoodman,forcontradictiongreen,spacehumanactivityspacelayoutthe(4)theupandallviewthelandscapeenvironmentvisualofthevisualrate.(5)fromthetodynamicnotonlyfromtraditionaltechnologyoftechnologytoascrossinglightrail,rail,etc),colorful2.2energyefficiencywiththerapiddevelopmentofurbanization,energydemandismoremoremorebig.Inyears,citieshaveputforwardthepublicareaconsumptioninForenergyefficiencyinfirstfromtheconsiderationshouldbeshouldinthehigherofenvironmentalprotectionhightothatextensive,far-reaching.(forthanofcapacityinChinaatpresentstillbyfornitricandgasemissionsofenvironmentalproblems)2.3plantwithanecologicalprinciplesystem,systemisperfector

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃notofthequalityavitalrole.Perfectgreensystem,tocityanrole,itcanrisetosand-fixation,purifyprovidesoonofecologicalroleofenvironmentalspaceasacityimportantactivitiesofexternalplanningdesignonlyfromtheitselfshouldtheperspective,personbeto,ontherequirements,hand,theneeds,suchtherightsoonneed,ontheothermeetofthenatureoftheonetocityfunctionrequirements,onotherhand,willplaynaturalpotentialAtpresent,cityofwithinimplantfollowingproblems:putemphasisontechnologytechnologyofgardening,lovingforformedonlysimple"Joe,flooding,grass"structure,ecologicalprocessisignored,fierceplants,normalgrowthwassuppressed,theofcommunityandsuffocatesuffocate,plantpestsrampant,thewasteofmaterialfinancialSointheofplantswithshouldwhatofItshouldbeasatisfyingthepeople'sphysiologicalactivities,meetthenaturalofself-improvementcirculationsystem,meetthemicrobe,plants,birds,alloftoanimalsofecologicalsystem,soilprotection,airpurification,waterpurificationupmaximumadjustmentfunctionofsystem.Toprovidemoreoforderlybiologicalandstablelivingestablishmentseasonofcolorincityhasofferedonlylow-gradesustainablemaintainanddevelop,goalofourUndertheguidanceoftheprinciple,citywiththefollowingplantsrules.(1)citygreenplantswithtourbanspacecitysurroundinglandscapeplantformwholedynamicstabilityofthe(2)ofcommunitycharacteristics,by"niche"principleandtoestablishasuitablelayercommunitystructure,usespeciesofthecorrosionresistancesize,theshadowleaftype,rootnutrientrequirementofhouofintheplant,avoidkindofdirectbetween,formtreesflooding,grasscompositecommunitystructurefunctionofecological(3)theintroductionofvarietiestheprocess,mustclimate,soiloftheforoftheisprovided.Inplantsofreciprocityraw,underthepremiseofformingbiological(4)fromplantssystemnotonlyshouldalsobeanimalscanbeclosehumanreproduction,suchbirds.(5)plantsintheplant,toelementssuchtoneedsofsunshine,theair,

城市景觀設(shè)計中的生態(tài)規(guī)劃etc.6plantsin"niche"principle,onthebasisoftheplantshouldaestheticfeeling,rhythm,toecologicalscience,totheofaesthetics,combinesaesthetics.2.4ofanduseprincipleinprocessofteninoneofimportantquestion,thatplanninghaveverygoodnaturalcommunitiesthetree.Thesenaturaltree,atimeofbaptismandlonggrowthprocess,forminglandscapedesignbeintheprotectionutilizationofideology,totimetogift,elegance.Therefore,inurbanlandscapethecommunitiestotrees,ideologyis:inutilizationofbasis,fromseriesofaestheticAngle,canreflecttheinfluencelandscape.2.5ofwaterresourcesecologicalenvironmentprinciplebigland,air,planttherelatedWaterasoftheoriginofhumanofimportantifutilizationwillsocialandtheofhumancountryasaawaterintheutilizationofwaterresourcespollutiontodevelopmentofwatertensioninthecausethegroundsubsidence,flowbackwardsoofdisasters.Ourcountrypresentcityofwater,thetraditionalartificialgroundopenwaterwithfirewateroflandscaperoughplanningtosurfacewerenotofsystemwaterwaterfromseriouswastewatertothe.Intheofotherappreciationintapwaterfromdirectto,notverygoodwaterdivisionandWiththegreencoveragerateinmaintenanceofwaterintheofLiYongLiangwithallovertoutilizationattention,andafteralongtimeanalysis,lotofWetheurbanshouldAthomeandofwateronprotectionfor:(1)theuseof(2)ofthedesignofcollectionsystem.(3)theofwater-savingBasicallyhasfollowingirrigationB.technology;C.irrigation(4)ofwatertheaboveallofmethodsummary,thebelievetoabletowellepilogueTheurbanlandscapetheecologicalplanningtightly

城景設(shè)中生規(guī)influence,penetration.Fromlandmarkofthecitytothecityplanningtheneedfortheconnecttherelevantknowledge,fromecology,humanities,sociology,otherresearchandreasonableconstructionofurbandesignitsociety.Peopletheexperienceandfeelinginonbereasonableplanningbefromunderstandingpsychology,respecttheperson'sbehaviorto,thefoundationofdesign,beimportantofcityTheoftheclimate,plantsanimals,suchfactorstoinmannatureoftheofthepremise.Symonds"theecologicaldesigniseffectivelytoprocessandforourlandscapetonaturalAtpresentthesustainableofthecity,fromresources,socialpointofusingthemethodofsystem,analysisinthedevelopmentofurbandevelopment.Theurbantoanalysis,inthegeneralprincipleofurbandevelopment.Thisarticlethroughinthefieldofurbanresearch,makewithprincipleofsustainablepeople-orientedprincipleasecologicalplanningtheurbaninspecific,beinthiswaytrulythesustainabledevelopmentofurbanpeople-orientedtoestablishcityprovideguarantee.：[1](English)Robertthe"[M]groupanhuiandtechnologypress&buildingpress[2][M]China&buildingpress1986[3]CharlesMoore,waiting.translationofthepoetryofgardening-"[M]press[4]Kevinlynch,inthedidn't[M]Chinaarchitecture&building1999[5]putLiuXianJiaooftranslation[M]&buildingpress[6]thetimeRuiJingWeitranslationofthewith[M]Chinaarchitecture&building1992

城景設(shè)中生規(guī)城市景觀計中的生態(tài)劃摘要本文從景觀、城市、生態(tài)三個概念之間的相互聯(lián)系來論訴城市景觀。本文中著重論述了景觀對城市居住環(huán)境的影響觀是人與人與自然關(guān)系在大上的烙印景觀城市生態(tài)以及人性化的設(shè)計理念之間存在著微妙而復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系。關(guān)鍵詞：城市景觀、居住環(huán)境、人性化城市與觀1.1景觀設(shè)計概述（一）景設(shè)計景觀設(shè)計首先是一種人的思想活動表現(xiàn)為藝術(shù)活動多樣化思潮形成了紛繁多樣的景觀藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，當代景觀設(shè)計從表象上看是景觀形式的多樣化，其本質(zhì)卻是不斷向自然秩序系統(tǒng)的靠攏體現(xiàn)對人類的更加尊重更深入透視人類真實的本性和需要不是要試圖征服自然甚至也不是模仿自然而是產(chǎn)生一種歸屬的感覺景觀不僅是一種視覺現(xiàn)象也是人性的視覺景象因此這一最早的景觀含意實際上是城市景象景觀的設(shè)計與創(chuàng)造實際上也就是造城市造建筑的城市。（二）景和城市關(guān)系城市是人類社會濟和文化發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最為復(fù)雜的類型，極易受到人為的和自然環(huán)境條件的干擾近幾十年來伴隨著世界范圍內(nèi)城市化進程的加速城市人口密集交通擁擠資源短缺環(huán)境污染生態(tài)惡化等問題，已成為人類社會關(guān)注的焦點。就我國城市目前的環(huán)境狀況而言，問題十分嚴峻，在一些城市地區(qū)，污染已相當嚴重，極大地影響和制約了城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。景觀是人與人人與自然關(guān)系在大地上的烙印這實際上是一種人類棲居的過程。棲居的過程實際上是與自然的力量與過程相互作用，以取得和諧的過程，大地上的景觀是人類為了生存和生活而對自然的適應(yīng)造和創(chuàng)造的結(jié)果時，棲居的過程也是建立人與人和諧相處的過程因此作為棲居地的景觀是人與人，人與自然關(guān)系在大地上的烙印。二、城景觀的規(guī)劃計（一）城景觀要城市景觀要素包括自然景觀要素和人工景觀要素中自然景觀要素主要是指自然風(fēng)景，如大小山丘、古樹名木、石頭、河流、湖泊、海洋等。人工景觀要素主要有文物古跡、文化遺址、園林綠化、藝術(shù)小品、商貿(mào)集市、建構(gòu)筑物、廣場等這些景觀要素為創(chuàng)造高質(zhì)量的城市空間環(huán)境提供了大量的素材但是要形成獨具特色的城市景觀必須對各種景觀要