2023屆山西省太原市等2地高三下學期二模英語試題 【含答案解析】

第1頁/共1頁2023年高三年級模擬考試(二)英語試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillJimreturn?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.2.Whichisnotincludedintherent?A.Electricity.B.Heating.C.Parking.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplaceprobably?A.Athome.B.Attheairport.C.Inthecompany.4.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Ordertakeouts.B.Cookbythemselves.C.Dineintherestaurant.5.Howdoesthemansound?A.Surprised.B.Grateful.C.Worried.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatlessondoesMaytake?A.ChineseSpeaking.B.ChinesePainting.C.ChineseCalligraphy.7.WhatdoesMaythinkofherteacher?A.Smart.B.Funny.C.Patient.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesthewomancalltheserviceline?A.Toaskforadiscount.B.Toaskaboutrefundprocess.C.Tocomplainaboutproducts.9.Howsoonwilltheproblembesolvedaccordingtotherule?A.Within3days.B.Within5days.C.Within7days.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatkindofclothesdoesMollysell?A.Clothesformenandkids.B.Fashionclothesforladies.C.Businessclothesforwomen.11.WhendidMollystartherbusiness?A.Inuniversity.B.Duringtraining.C.Aftergraduation.12.WhatisMolly’splanforthefuture?A.Openingaphysicalshop.B.Employingmoreworkers.C.Extendingtheclothesstyles.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13WhatdidCarldoyesterday?A.Hepractisedfortests.B.Hehadadrivinglesson.C.Hepassedthedrivingtheorytest.14.WhywasCarlnervous?A.Heexperiencedfailure.B.Hehadnoonetoturnto.C.Hewasnotfullyprepared.15.HowdoesCarlfeelaftertheroadtestlessons?A.Confident.B.Hesitant.C.Hopeless.16.WhatisCarlgoingtodoforhisroadtest?A.Printtheresult.B.Practisemore.C.Changeanewinstructor.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoarethelistenersprobably?A.Tourguides.B.Newworkers.C.Visitors.18.Whattakesplaceeverytwoweeks?A.Asafetymeeting.B.Aspecialexperiment.C.Abrieftest.19.Whatareunacceptableinthislab?A.Jackets.B.Sportsshoes.C.Tightbelts.20.Whatisrequiredtokeepeverythingclean?A.Washinghands.B.Usingnewtools.C.Wearingprotectivesuits.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分60分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題3分，滿分45分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFathersarethebest.Sometimesdadscanbehardtoshopfor—asitfeelsliketheyhaveeverything.Butsurelytheyaremissingoutonsomethingandthat’sexactlywhereourlistofextraordinarygiftscomesin.ThermocareBlanketPerhapsyourdadneedstheperfectwarmblanketonthosefreezingwinterdays.Ifso,he’lllovetheThermocareBlanket.Madefromsoftandcomfortablematerial,thisblanketisperfecttosettleoneselfinto.Plus,itssmartdesignmeansyourdadcaneasilywrapitaroundhimself.Temperaturecanbeshownonasmalldigitalscreenandstayatacertainlevel.$66.89atMerryTimeModernSetThisdecent14-pieceteaset,includinganelectricteapot,sixcups,sixplatesandametalstoragestand,willhelphostaproperhighteaevent.Thesmoothappearancewillmakeitagreathomedecoration,andit’salsoveryeasytohold,storeandwash.Yourdadwillsurelyenjoyhavingguestswiththissetonthetable.$69.90atWalmartCATCH:3ClassicsThisstylishwirelesschargingstandfeaturesa10Woutputsothatyourdadcanchargedevicesquicklyandeasily—justplacethedevicesonthestandandpressthebuttontostartcharging.Thismostpopularchoiceismadefromgood-qualitymaterialsthatwilllastforyears.$70.00atWalmartBondingLampTheseelectricdevicesareagreatwaytokeepyourlovedonescloseby,nomatterwheretheyare.Theyalsohelpbridgeanygapsbetweenthetwoofyou.Whetheryou’remissingyourdadorjustwanttoshowhimhowmuchyoucare,justtouchyourlampathand,andtheotherlampinyourdad’srangewilllightupautomatically,lettinghimknowyou’rethinkingofhim.$128.00at1.Whichgiftisusedforafathertohosthisfriends?A.ThermocareBlanket. B.MerryTimeModernSet.C.CATCH:3Classics. D.BondingLamp.2.Whatdothefourgiftshaveincommon?A.Theyworkbyelectricity. B.Theyhavelowerpriceonline.C.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly. D.Theycanmakegoodhomedecoration.3.Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?A.Afatherwhoiskeenonfashion. B.Abloggerwhoprovidesadviceongifts.C.Afamilythatshopfordailynecessities. D.AdaughterwhoisbrowsingforFather’sDay.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了幾款為父親節(jié)準備的禮物?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MerryTimeModernSet中“Yourdadwillsurelyenjoyhavingguestswiththissetonthetable.”（你爸爸一定會喜歡有客人在餐桌上擺這套餐具的。）可知，父親用來招待朋友的禮物是歡樂時光現(xiàn)代套裝。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThermocareBlanket中“Temperaturecanbeshownonasmalldigitalscreenandstayatacertainlevel.”（溫度可以顯示在一個小的數(shù)字屏幕上，并保持在一定的水平。）、MerryTimeModernSet中“Thisdecent14-pieceteaset,includinganelectricteapot,sixcups,sixplatesandametalstoragestand,willhelphostaproperhighteaevent.”（這套像樣的14件茶具，包括一個電茶壺、6個杯子、6個盤子和一個金屬儲物架，將有助于舉辦適當?shù)南挛绮杌顒?。）、CATCH:3Classics中“Thisstylishwirelesschargingstandfeaturesa10Woutputsothatyourdadcanchargedevicesquicklyandeasily—justplacethedevicesonthestandandpressthebuttontostartcharging.”（這款時尚的無線充電支架具有10W的輸出功率，因此您的父親可以快速輕松地為設備充電-只需將設備放在支架上并按下按鈕即可開始充電。）和BondingLamp中“Theseelectricdevicesareagreatwaytokeepyourlovedonescloseby,nomatterwheretheyare.”（這些電子設備是讓你愛的人留在身邊的好方法，不管他們在哪里。他們也有助于彌合你們之間的隔閡。）可知，這四種禮物的共同之處是它們靠電工作。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Fathersarethebest.Sometimesdadscanbehardtoshopfor—asitfeelsliketheyhaveeverything.Butsurelytheyaremissingoutonsomethingandthat’sexactlywhereourlistofextraordinarygiftscomesin.”（父親是最好的。有時候給爸爸買禮物很難，因為感覺他們什么都有。但他們肯定錯過了一些東西，這正是我們列出非凡天賦的原因。）可推知，這篇文章的讀者是一個正在為父親節(jié)瀏覽網(wǎng)頁的女兒。故選D項。BAbrightandimpressivebuscarryingfreshlocalproduceappearedinacommunityofNorthCarolinainJune2022.Itwasthefirstpay-what-you-canMobileMarket.Asthenameimplies,shopperscouldpayanypriceoutoftheirownwill.Eventhesuggestedpricewasabout25%lessthanthatofferedingrocerystores.Thismarketgaveshoppersadignifiedwaytoprovidefoodfortheirfamiliesregardlessoftheirbudget.Seeingthejoyinshoppers’eyes,WillKomegay,thefounderofthisnon-profitprogram—MobileMarket,feltasenseofaccomplishment.Hehadoncewitnessedawastefulandunfortunatereality.Atthattime,countlesspoundsoffoodhadtobethrownawaybyfarmersduetotheinterruptioninthesupplychain.Meanwhile,millionsofpeoplewerestrugglingtoaffordenoughfoodtofeedtheirfamilies.Kornegaydidn’twanttostandby.Withmuchworkingexperienceinfoodindustryandbackgroundabouthowfoodsystemwasdesigned,Kornegaydecidedtousehiscompany’svastnetworkoffarmerandfoodindustryrelationshipstoaddresstheissue.Histeamusedbusestobridgethefarmers,thefoodindustriesandcommunitiesthatneededfoodmost.Thousandsofpoundsoffoodthatwassourcedfromlocalpartnerswasplacedintohomes.KornegaystillrememberedhowthefirstMobileMarketcameintobeing.Histeammadeadetailedplanandchosethecolorsandimagestheypreferred.Thentheypurchaseda“retired”schoolbusandrenovatedit,givingitanewdifferentlookandequippingitwithrefrigeratorsandfreezers.ThuswasbornthefirstMobileMarket.Todate,theprojecthaspartneredwithdozensoflocalfarmersandfoodproducersandhasalreadyservedanestimated10,000familiesover150,000poundsoffood.In2023,theteamhopetoserve80sitesacross20countiesinEasternNorthCarolina.Theirvisionistoperfecttheprojectwheretheylive,andscaleintoeverystatenationwide.4.WhatisthepurposeoftheMobileMarket?A.Toboosttheincomeoflocalresidents.B.Topromotesalesinlocalgrocerystores.C.Toraisemoneyforthefamilywithatightbudget.D.Toenablepeopletobuyfoodatanaffordableprice.5.HowdidKornegaymaketheprogramwork?A.Heensuredthefoodsafety. B.Heimprovedthesupplychain.C.Heincreasedthefoodproduction. D.Hebuiltanetworkbetweencommunities.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“renovated”meaninparagraph4?A.Transformed. B.Replaced. C.Photographed. D.Exchanged.7.WhatistheprospectoftheMobileMarketaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itwillbehighlyprofitable. B.Itisexpectedtoexpandinscale.C.Itwillbecomeaneweconomictrend. D.Itisestimatedtoprovideworldwideservice.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了2022年6月，北卡羅來納州的一個社區(qū)出現(xiàn)了一輛載著新鮮當?shù)剞r產品的明亮而令人印象深刻的公共汽車。這是第一個按需付費的移動市場，這個市場為購物者提供了一種體面的方式，無論他們的預算如何，都可以為家人提供食物。文章介紹了這個項目的來歷、運作方式以及前景。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itwasthefirstpay-what-you-canMobileMarket.Asthenameimplies,shopperscouldpayanypriceoutoftheirownwill.Eventhesuggestedpricewasabout25%lessthanthatofferedingrocerystores.Thismarketgaveshoppersadignifiedwaytoprovidefoodfortheirfamiliesregardlessoftheirbudget.”（這是第一個按需付費的移動市場。顧名思義，購物者可以根據(jù)自己的意愿支付任何價格。即使是建議價格也比雜貨店的價格低25%左右。這個市場為購物者提供了一種體面的方式，無論他們的預算如何，都可以為家人提供食物。）可知，移動市場的目的是使人們能夠以負擔得起的價格購買食品。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Atthattime,countlesspoundsoffoodhadtobethrownawaybyfarmersduetotheinterruptioninthesupplychain.Meanwhile,millionsofpeoplewerestrugglingtoaffordenoughfoodtofeedtheirfamilies.Kornegaydidn’twanttostandby.”（當時，由于供應鏈中斷，無數(shù)磅的食物不得不被農民扔掉。與此同時，數(shù)以百萬計的人正在努力負擔足夠的食物來養(yǎng)活他們的家人。Kornegay不想袖手旁觀。）以及第三段中“Withmuchworkingexperienceinfoodindustryandbackgroundabouthowfoodsystemwasdesigned,Kornegaydecidedtousehiscompany’svastnetworkoffarmerandfoodindustryrelationshipstoaddresstheissue.Histeamusedbusestobridgethefarmers,thefoodindustriesandcommunitiesthatneededfoodmost.”（Kornegay擁有豐富的食品行業(yè)工作經(jīng)驗和食品系統(tǒng)設計背景，他決定利用公司龐大的農民和食品行業(yè)關系網(wǎng)絡來解決這個問題。他的團隊用公共汽車在農民、食品工業(yè)和最需要食物的社區(qū)之間架起橋梁。）可知，Kornegay是通過改善了供應鏈讓這個項目發(fā)揮作用的。故選B項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞句中的“…givingitanewdifferentlookandequippingitwithrefrigeratorsandfreezers.”（給它一個新的不同的外觀，并配備了冰箱和冰柜。）可猜測，劃線單詞renovated為“翻新”的意思，結合選項A項Transformed“改變，改造”意思一致。故選A項。7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“In2023,theteamhopetoserve80sitesacross20countiesinEasternNorthCarolina.Theirvisionistoperfecttheprojectwheretheylive,andscaleintoeverystatenationwide.”（到2023年，該團隊希望為北卡羅來納州東部20個縣的80個站點提供服務。他們的愿景是完善他們居住的地方的項目，并擴大到全國每個州。）可知，根據(jù)最后一段，移動市場的前景為它的規(guī)模有望擴大。故選B項。CScientistshaverecentlydiscoveredtheworld’slargestknownfieldofseagrass.Theydiditusingvideosshotbysomeextraordinaryhelpers.Theworkshouldhelpprotecttheseagrass,andalsoshowsoffapowerfulwaytoexploretheocean.Asashelterformanyseacreatures,seagrassesarefloweringplantsthatnormallygrowinshallowwatersnearcoasts.Theygrowinthickfields,knownasseagrassmeadows(海草床),whichhelpcleantheoceanwater.Moreimportantly,theyarecalled“oceanlung”.Theyhelpinthefightagainsttheclimatecrisis.That’sbecausetheystorehugeamountsofcarbon—themajorsourceofglobalwarming.Damagingtheseseagrassmeadowscanreleasethispollutantagain,makingthingsworse.Consideringtheurgentneedtoprotectseagrassmeadows,scientistsareeagertoknowabouttheirsizeandnumber.However,themeadowscanbehardtospotfromabove,eitherbecausethewateristoodeepornotclearenough.Andtheoceanissohugethatit’shardtostudythembydiving.Soscientistsdecidedtohavetigersharkshelptheresearch.Tigersharksareinbornfastswimmers,andspendalotoftimeinseagrassmeadows.Between2016and2020,theresearchersattachedcamerasandothertrackerstothefinsofseventigersharks,andthenletthemgoagain.Thecamerasweredesignedtofalloffafterhoursandfloattothesurface.Trackingsignalshelpedfindthefloatingcamerasandcollectthevideosthesharkshadtakenwhiletravelingformiles.Moreover,othertoolswereused,includingsatelliteimages,aswellasimagestakenbydiversandboats.Puttingallthisinformationtogether,thescientistslearnedthatthewatersaroundtheBahamasarehometothelargestseagrassmeadoweverdiscovered.Andthemeadowscoveratleast25,500squaremiles,andcouldbeaslargeas35,500squaremiles.Differentfrompreviousstudies,theprogramdiscovershowusefullargeunderwateranimalscanbeinhelpingtolearnmoreaboutlifeunderthesea.OliverShipley,ascientistfromtheteam,saysanimalsliketigersharksaregoingtotakeustonewplacesthatwedidn’tknowexisted.8.Whydoseagrassmeadowsurgentlyneedprotection?A.Damagingthemwillworsenclimatecrisis.B.Theydeterminethecleanlinessofoceanwater.C.Seacreaturescan’tsurvivewithouttheirshelter.D.Theirexistencebalancestheunderwaterecosystem.9.Howdidtigersharkshelpthescientificresearch?A.Bytrackingsignalsscientistssent.B.Bybringingbackcameraswithvideos.C.Bycarryingtherecordingequipmentaround.D.Byspendingalotoftimeinseagrassmeadows.10.Whatisthehighlightabouttheresearchaccordingtothetext?A.Leadingscientists. B.Advancedtheories.C.Multipleexperimentaltools. D.Unusualresearchassistants.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ManandNatureWorkTogether B.ANovelWaytoExploretheSeaC.SeaGrass:AnUndervaluedPlant D.OceanLungMeasuredbyNaturalExplorers【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上已知的最大的海草場。他們使用一些不尋常的助手拍攝的視頻來做到這一點：虎鯊。這項工作應該有助于保護海草，同時也展示了一種探索海洋的強大方式?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theyhelpinthefightagainsttheclimatecrisis.That’sbecausetheystorehugeamountsofcarbon—themajorsourceofglobalwarming.Damagingtheseseagrassmeadowscanreleasethispollutantagain,makingthingsworse.”（它們有助于對抗氣候危機。這是因為它們儲存了大量的碳——全球變暖的主要來源。破壞這些海草草甸會再次釋放這種污染物，使情況變得更糟。）可知，海草草場迫切需要保護是因為破壞它們將加劇氣候危機。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Between2016and2020,theresearchersattachedcamerasandothertrackerstothefinsofseventigersharks,andthenletthemgoagain.Thecamerasweredesignedtofalloffafterhoursandfloattothesurface.Trackingsignalshelpedfindthefloatingcamerasandcollectthevideosthesharkshadtakenwhiletravelingformiles.Moreover,othertoolswereused,includingsatelliteimages,aswellasimagestakenbydiversandboats.”（在2016年至2020年期間，研究人員在七只虎鯊的鰭上安裝了攝像頭和其他追蹤器，然后又放了它們。這些相機被設計成在幾小時后脫落并漂浮到水面上。跟蹤信號幫助找到了漂浮的攝像頭，并收集了鯊魚在幾英里外旅行時拍攝的視頻。此外，還使用了其他工具，包括衛(wèi)星圖像以及潛水員和船只拍攝的圖像。）可知，虎鯊是通過隨身攜帶記錄設備幫助科學研究的。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Differentfrompreviousstudies,theprogramdiscovershowusefullargeunderwateranimalscanbeinhelpingtolearnmoreaboutlifeunderthesea.OliverShipley,ascientistfromtheteam,saysanimalsliketigersharksaregoingtotakeustonewplacesthatwedidn’tknowexisted.”（與之前的研究不同，該項目發(fā)現(xiàn)了大型水下動物在幫助了解更多海底生命方面的有用性。該團隊的科學家奧利弗·希普利(OliverShipley)說，像虎鯊這樣的動物將把我們帶到我們不知道存在的新地方。）可推知，根據(jù)文章，研究的亮點是不同尋常的研究輔助對象——即虎鯊。故選D項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredtheworld’slargestknownfieldofseagrass.Theydiditusingvideosshotbysomeextraordinaryhelpers.Theworkshouldhelpprotecttheseagrass,andalsoshowsoffapowerfulwaytoexploretheocean.”（科學家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上已知的最大的海草田。他們使用了一些非凡的幫手拍攝的視頻。這項工作應該有助于保護海草，也展示了一種探索海洋的有力方式。）和第二段中“Asashelterformanyseacreatures,seagrassesarefloweringplantsthatnormallygrowinshallowwatersnearcoasts.Theygrowinthickfields,knownasseagrassmeadows(海草床),whichhelpcleantheoceanwater.Moreimportantly,theyarecalled“oceanlung”.”（作為許多海洋生物的避難所，海草是一種開花植物，通常生長在靠近海岸的淺水區(qū)。它們生長在厚厚的田野里，被稱為海草草地，這有助于清潔海水。更重要的是，它們被稱為“海洋肺”。）可知，主要講述了科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上已知的最大的海草場。他們使用一些不尋常的助手拍攝的視頻來做到這一點：虎鯊。這項工作應該有助于保護海草，同時也展示了一種探索海洋的強大方式。故文章最好的標題是“由自然探險家測量的海洋肺”。故選D項。DTheRomanColosseum(羅馬圓形大劇場),builtaroundtwothousandyearsago,surviveda14thcenturyearthquakeandmostofthe150-somefoothighbuildingisstillstanding.IthasseentheriseandfallofenormousstructuresaswellastheRomanEmpire.Whycouldtheancientstructurestandthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconstructionsfallapartafterafewdecades?ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.PreviousdiscoverieshaveconfirmedthecomponentsoftheRomanconcrete:volcanicmaterial,limestone(石灰石)andwater.Architectssupposethevolcanicmaterialiswhatmakesthebuildingstrong—whichitdoes.Butthisisnotenoughtoexplainthearchitecture’sdurability.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.Worthmentioningisthatresearchershadtakenthemasimpurities(雜質)duetothelimitationofancienttechnology.ButitturnedoutthatancientRomansseemedtohavediscoveredthesecret.WhentheRomansmadethemixture,theyheatedupthelimestonetoturnitintoquicklime,averyreactivechemical.Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.Meanwhile,itwould“wear”ahard“shell”,forminglimestonepieces.Itwasthesepiecesthatstoppedthecracks(裂縫)frombecomingbigger.Whentherewasrain,thepiecesreactedwithwateragain,quicklyfillingthecracks.FormaterialscientistAinissaRamirez,thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery.“Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbegreener,”saysRamirez,“TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”12.WhycouldRomanColosseumstillexistaccordingtothetext?A.Itwasrebuiltconstantly. B.Itmetfewnaturaldisasters.C.Itcontainedaspecialmaterial. D.Itsshapeincreasedthestability.13.Whatisthefunctionofthelimestonepieces?A.Topurifytheconcrete. B.Toreactwithvolcanicmaterial.C.Tomakethestructurewater-proof. D.Toenablethebuildingtorepairitself.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Therainwater. B.Thefoundation. C.Thequicklime D.Thelimestone.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromAinissaRamirez’swords?A.Architectscangetinspirationfromancientstructures.B.TheRomans’buildingmethodremainsasecrettillnow.C.Romans’wisdomthrowslightoneco-friendlyarchitecture.D.Scientistsareexploringhowtoguardtheancientcivilization.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了羅馬斗獸場建于大約兩千年前，在14世紀的一場地震中幸存下來，大部分150多英尺高的建筑仍然屹立不倒。它見證了巨大建筑和羅馬帝國的興衰。為什么古代建筑能經(jīng)受住時間的考驗，而許多現(xiàn)代建筑在幾十年后就倒塌了？科學家認為，古羅馬人使用了一種特殊的混凝土，這可能是它超長存在的原因。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.”（科學家認為，古羅馬人使用了一種特殊的混凝土，這可能是它超長存在的原因。）可知，羅馬斗獸場還能存在的原因是它含有一種特殊的材料。故選C項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.”（一組研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了羅馬混凝土的神奇力量：自我修復。關鍵就在那些細小的石灰?guī)r中。）可知，石灰石的功能是使建筑能夠自我修復。故選D項。【14題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.”（生石灰與水發(fā)生反應并產生熱量，從而建立起化學基礎來強化建筑材料。）以及劃線單詞句中的Meanwhile，可知，劃線單詞it指的就是上文提到的生石灰。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”（我們必須弄清楚他們是如何做到的，這樣我們才能制造出更好的材料，然后，你知道，反過來，更好地保護我們的環(huán)境。）可知，從AinissaRamirez的話中可以推斷出羅馬人的智慧為環(huán)保建筑提供了啟示。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題3分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtogetagoodletterofrecommendationYourprofessorsareoftenaskedtowritehundredsoflettersofrecommendationduringteachingincolleges.____16____,theydoplayakeyroleinhelpingemployersgetanideaofanapplicant’spersonality,persistence,andpassion.Herearefourpointstokeepinmindwhenitcomestoaskingforlettersofrecommendation.____17____.Ideally,theletterwriterwillknowyouwellandhaveplentyofpositivethingstosaywithoutmuchmake-up.Butitneverhurtstoshareyourpersonalstatementthatincludesyouraccomplishmentsandpassions.Afterall,it’syouthatknowhowtoletyourhighlightsstandout.Don’ttellyourprofessorwhattosay.Thisoneisalittletricky,becauseitseemstocontradictthetipabove.____18____,butavoidtellinghimexactlywhattowrite.Professorsknowhowtopenaneffectiveletterofrecommendationwell.Don’taskforaletteratthelastminute.Ruleofthumb:Givetheprofessoratleastafewmonths’notice.Remember,yourprofessorwillspendquiteawhilecomposingtheletterofrecommendation,soexpressyourrequestinarespectful,appreciativeandthoughtfulway.Alastminuterequestwillannoytheprofessor,anditmayalsoleadtoasub-standardletter.____19____.Expressyourgratitude.Athoughtfulletterofrecommendationtakestime.____20____.Mostprofessorswritedozensofrecommendations,ifnotmore.Besuretoletthemknowthatyouappreciatetheirtimeandeffort.Don’triskendingupwitharegretbyforgettingtosendahandwrittennotewithasincerethankyou.A.NobodywinsinsuchahurryB.ExposearealyourselfaccordinglyC.MaintainagoodrelationshipwiththemD.Andchancesareyouaren’ttheonlyoneaskingE.GivetheprofessorabroadoutlineaboutyourrequestF.WhiletheselettersmaynotbeasimportantastestscoresG.Becausetheemployerscaremuchabouttherecommendation【答案】16.F17.B18.E19.A20.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在大學教學期間，你的教授經(jīng)常被要求寫數(shù)百封推薦信。雖然這些信件可能沒有考試成績那么重要，但它們確實在幫助雇主了解求職者的個性、毅力和熱情方面發(fā)揮了關鍵作用。并且介紹了寫推薦信的時候要記住的四點要求?！?6題詳解】上文“Yourprofessorsareoftenaskedtowritehundredsoflettersofrecommendationduringteachingincolleges.”（在大學教學期間，你的教授經(jīng)常被要求寫數(shù)百封推薦信。）引出話題，提到推薦信。下文“theydoplayakeyroleinhelpingemployersgetanideaofanapplicant’spersonality,persistence,andpassion.”（它們確實在幫助雇主了解應聘者的個性、毅力和熱情方面發(fā)揮了關鍵作用。）說明信件確實發(fā)揮了關鍵作用。故可推斷空格處內容為這些信件可能沒有那么重要。結合選項F項Whiletheselettersmaynotbeasimportantastestscores.（雖然這些信件可能沒有考試成績那么重要。）符合此推斷，起到上下文的承上啟下作用，上下文語意連貫。故選F項?！?7題詳解】由該題為段落小標題可知，為總結該段內容。該段下文“Ideally,theletterwriterwillknowyouwellandhaveplentyofpositivethingstosaywithoutmuchmake-up.Butitneverhurtstoshareyourpersonalstatementthatincludesyouraccomplishmentsandpassions.Afterall,it’syouthatknowhowtoletyourhighlightsstandout.”（理想情況下，寫信人會很了解你，而且不需要化妝就能說很多積極的事情。但分享你的個人陳述，包括你的成就和激情，永遠不會有壞處。畢竟，是你知道如何讓你的亮點脫穎而出。）可知，講的是分享你的個人陳述，讓自己的優(yōu)點脫穎而出。結合選項B項Exposearealyourselfaccordingly.（相應地暴露真實的自己）意思一致，為總結該段內容。故選B項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Don’ttellyourprofessorwhattosay.Thisoneisalittletricky,becauseitseemstocontradictthetipabove.”（不要告訴你的教授該說什么。這一點有點棘手，因為它似乎與上面的提示相矛盾。）說明不要告訴你的教授該說什么。下文“butavoidtellinghimexactlywhattowrite.”（但不要告訴他具體該寫什么。）為轉折關系，說明不要告訴他具體該寫什么。故可推斷空格處內容為給教授簡單的一個內容大綱。結合選項E項Givetheprofessorabroadoutlineaboutyourrequest.（就你的要求給教授一個大致的提綱。）符合此推斷，上下文語意連貫。故選E項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)該段標題“Don’taskforaletteratthelastminute.”（不要在最后一分鐘才開口要信。）以及上文“Alastminuterequestwillannoytheprofessor,anditmayalsoleadtoasub-standardletter.”（最后一分鐘的請求會惹惱教授，也可能導致一封不合格的信。）可知，該段主要講的是不要在最后的時間內寫信。結合選項A項Nobodywinsinsuchahurry.（沒有人贏得如此匆忙。）和上文內容相關，為上文內容的語意遞進，上下文語意連貫。故選A項?！?0題詳解】上文“Athoughtfulletterofrecommendationtakestime.”（一封深思熟慮的推薦信需要時間。）下文“Mostprofessorswritedozensofrecommendations,ifnotmore.”（大多數(shù)教授會寫幾十份推薦信，甚至更多。）說明教授會寫很多推薦信。結合選項D項Andchancesareyouaren’ttheonlyoneasking.（而且你可能不是唯一一個問這個問題的人。）可知，和上下文內容相關，起到上下文的承上啟下作用，上下文語意連貫。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inmyprimaryschool,weusedtowritealotinMrs.White’sclass.Thereweremanymistakesinmywritings.Butnored____21____.Instead,alwaysastar.Sometimes____22____aGood!Iwouldjumpwithjoyatit.Butthis____23____mymother.ShewantedtofigureoutwhyMrs.Whitenever____24____spellingorgrammaticalerrors.Thenonedayshewenttoseeher.Mrs.Whitereplied,“Childrenarejustbeginningtoget____25____aboutusingwords,aboutformingsentences.Idon’twantto____26____thatenthusiasmorputanypressureonthemwithredink.Spellingandgrammarcanwait,butthe____27____ofwordswon‘t…”Andmaybeshedidn’tsayit____28____likethat.Butwhat’sforsureisthatIgrewuplearningtousewordswith____29____confidencefromher.ItoccurstomethatifMrs.Whitehadusedherredpenmore_____30_____,Iprobablywouldn’tbetellingyouaboutthisnow.Lookingback,Ithinkshewassucha(n)_____31_____teacher—toexercise“red-pen-restriction”.Sheallowedthejoy,wonderandexcitementofexpressiontocomeout.Inmiddleschool,Iusedto_____32_____thewordbeautifulas“baeutiful”.Although“pretty”is_____33_____tospell,itdoesn’tholdasmuchasyoumeansometimes.SoItoldmyselfthatifIwasgoingto_____34_____theword,theleastIcoulddowasspellitright.Eventually,Imadeit.AndthankstoMrs.White,Ihadno_____35_____whenwritingwhatImeantevenifIcouldn’tquitespellitout.BecauseLifeisn’tPretty.It’s“Baeutiful”.21.A.signals B.corrections C.remarks D.symbols22.A.even B.yet C.ever D.still23.A.threatened B.shocked C.worried D.pleased24.A.gaveup B.waitedfor C.wrotedown D.pointedout25.A.nervous B.sensitive C.excited D.confused26.A.kill B.fuel C.welcome D.ignore27.A.meaning B.choice C.repetition D.wonder28.A.formally B.exactly C.firmly D.loudly29.A.new B.little C.poor D.full30.A.precisely B.carefully C.personally D.cautiously31.A.reliable B.romantic C.extraordinary D.famous32.A.recognise B.identify C.misuse D.misspell33.A.better B.harder C.easier D.faster34.A.cancel B.employ C.imitate D.read35.A.tension B.relief C.complaint D.anger【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.D30.A31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在上小學的時候，懷特老師沒有及時地糾正作者班上同學的拼寫錯誤，而是不想扼殺他們學習使用單詞的熱情，也不想用紅字給他們施加壓力，從而讓他們更自信地去學習的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是沒有紅色的修正。A.signals信號；B.corrections修正；C.remarks評論；D.symbols符號。根據(jù)上文“Thereweremanymistakesinmywritings.”文章中有許多錯誤，以及下文“Instead,alwaysastar.”相反，永遠是星星，可推知，此處為但是沒有紅色的修正。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有時甚至是一個好！A.even甚至；B.yet仍然，還；C.ever曾經(jīng)；D.still仍然。根據(jù)上文提到的文章中有許多錯誤，沒有紅色的修正，相反，永遠是星星。以及該句中的even，可推知，此處為有時甚至是一個好！故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但這讓我母親很擔心。A.threatened威脅；B.shocked使震驚；C.worried擔心；D.pleased使?jié)M意。根據(jù)該句中的But