2022年湖北省鄂州市統(tǒng)招專升本英語一模測試卷(含答案)

2022年湖北省鄂州市統(tǒng)招專升本英語一模測試卷(含答案)

一、單選題(20題)1.Farmersareallowedtogrowvegetablesinsmallgardensoftheirownandtheyselltheirvegetablesthemarket（）

A.onB.atC.inD.for

2.Ithasbeenrathercostlytoinstallthemachine,butitshouldinthelongrun（）

A.payoffB.keepoffC.turnoffD.putoff

3.Thechemicalfactorywaspulleddown_____protectingtheenvironment（）

A.inspiteofB.inhonorofC.infavorofD.inthenameof

4.Hehasastrongofduty（）

A.senseB.emotionC.passionD.thought

5.IfJoe'swifedoesn'tgototheparty（）

A.nordoeshe

B.neitherwillhe

C.neitherhewill

D.sodoeshe

6.Tobehonest,weenjoyedtheholiday________thegreatexpense（）

A.exceptB.besidesC.inadditiontoD.exceptfor

7.Thehallofthemiddleschoolwasnottoaccommodateallthestudents（）

A.bigenoughB.enoughbigC.verysmallD.verybig

8.Airpollutionisobviouslyoneofthemajor_____ofcitylife（）

A.referencesB.disadvantagesC.definitionsD.expressions

9.Ifyoususpectthatillnessmightbeserious，youshouldnot（）goingtothedoctor

A.pickoutB.makeoutC.putoffD.giveoff

10.Theadvertisingcompanyrecentlyhiredadesigner_____hadoncewonaprizeinanationalcontest（）

A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.who

11.—Helookssoyoung!

—Iagreewithyou.Helooks30,butheis（）45

A.actuallyB.basicallyC.accordinglyD.entirely

12.Bytheendoflastmonthwethisassignment（）

A.finished

B.willhavefinished

C.hadfinished

D.havefinished

13.InBritain,thebestseasonoftheyearisprobably（）spring

A.laterB.latterC.lastD.late

14.We（）buildingthebridgebytheendofnextmonth

A.arefinishing

B.wouldfinish

C.havefinished

D.willhavefinished

15.MaryaswellasherfriendsChineseinChina（）

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study

16.ItisthethirdtimeI_______tothePalaceMuseum，andIstillthinkitismarvelous（）

A.havegoneB.goC.havebeenD.willgo

17.Toagreat,thewayyoulearnatcollegeisdifferentfromthatwhenyouwereinhighschool（）

A.amountB.extentC.reasonD.goal

18.Totheircredit,theDepartmentofEnergytheirdutytoconducttheprojectsavingnon-renewableresources（）

A.tookoffB.tookonC.tookinD.tookto

19.Alltrainshavingbeencancelledbecauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbutatthestation（）

A.stayingB.stayedC.stayD.tostay

20.Thesefiguresarebasedonthethattheeconomywillcontinuetoimprove（）

A.preparationB.impressionC.functionD.expectation

二、選詞填空題(10題)21.3.____

22.Studentsatuniversitycanlearnandmakefriends1willlastalifetime.However,thecostofstudyingisontherise.Thisincreasemeansthatmoststudentscangetintomoneytrouble2theydonotknowhowtomanagetheirmoney.Itisnotjustthecoursefees.Studentsmustalso3forroomandboard.Inaddition,theymayspendmoney4clothes,travel,andotherthings.Thus,studentsneedtobudget5.Atmostuniversitiesteacherscangivestudentssuggestionsonhowtospendtheirmoney.Thefirstthingtheysuggestistowritedownyour6,forexample,themoneyyouwillgetfromyourfamilyorapart-timejob.Thenlistallofyourexpenses.Putyourexpensesintotwo7:thosethatchange(food,books,travel),andthosethatwillstaythesame(tuition,roomandboard).Addtogetherallofyourexpenses.Whenyoudothis,youfinditis8toplanoutyourbudget.Thismeansyoucansaveyourmoney,ratherthantryingto9fromothers.Asyoucansee,thereismoretolearnatuniversitythanjust10istaughtintheclassroom.____

23.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhogotoconcerts,showsandmuseumscanlivelongerthan1whodonot.ExpertsfromUniversityCollegeLondonhavebeenexaminingthelifestylesofover6,700Britishpeople215years.They3howoftenthepeoplewentoutandwhatkindsofeventstheyattended.Theyfoundthatpeopleover50yearsold4regularlywenttoconcertswereabout30percent5likelytodieoverthenext14years.Theresearcherssaidtheover50scouldextendtheirlife6engagingwiththearts.Inadditiontolivinglongerconcertgoerscouldalsohavemorefun.TheUKHealthSecretaryMattHancockbelievestherecouldbealotof7intheresearch.Hesaidartsandculturecould8thingslikementalhealth,agingandloneliness.He9announcedplansfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicetousetheartstohelppeopleliveahealthierlife.Oneresearchersaid,“Ourresultshighlighttheimportanceof10toexplorenewsocialfactorsthataffectourhealth.”1.____

三、情景對話(10題)24.68.____（）

25.Task2（每小題2分，共10分）

M:Whatafinedaytoday!71

W:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.72

M:Let'sgototheGreenHill.

W:Shallwetakethebusthere?

M:73It'snotveryfar.

W:ThatwillbeOK.I'llridemynewbikemyfatherboughtmeformybirthdaylastmonth.

M:74

W:Let'saskMaryandJacktogowithus.TheyplannedtogolastSundaybutitrained.

M:Good!I'msuretheywillbehappyto.

W:Haveyougotanyideawhatwearegoingtodothere?

M:75

W:Thatwillbefine.

A.Wecangotherebybike.

B.Whynotasksomeoneelsetojoinus?

C.Wheretogo?

D.Howaboutgoingonatrip?

E.Wecanjustlieonthegrasshavingagoodrest

71.____（）

26.4（）

A.Pleaseholdonamoment

B.It’sNo.311onthesecondfloor

C.ThisisLeespeaking

D.I’mgladyoucalled

E.Allright,I’llbeexpectingyou

27.Man：Hello.CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith?

Woman：11Heisinanimportantmeeting.Oh,yes.I’msuretherewillbeanendofthismeetingbyfiveo’clockthisafternoon.12

Man：Yes.ThisisJones.Thenumber…

Woman：Oh!（Theotherphonerings）.13Ihaveanothercallontheotherline.Holdonaminute,please,ifyoudon’tmind.

…

Woman：Hello.Areyouthere,Mr.Jones?

Man：Yes,thenumberis5079864.14

Woman：Yes,ofcourse.

Man：CouldyoutellhimI’mattheBeijingHotelinRoom4021?

Woman：15I’msurehe’llbecallingyouback.Good-bye.

A.Pleaseletmethinkitover.

B.I’mafraidIcan’tansweryourquestion.

C.Allright.

D.Couldyoutellmeyournameandgivemeyourtelephonenumber,please?

E.CanIleaveamessage,please?

F.I’msorry.

G.Excuseme,Mr.Jones

28.5（）

A.Thatsuitsusverywellactually

B.Whydoyouwanttoleave?

C.Um,haveyouworkedasawaitressbefore?

D.Onwhatdaysareyoufree?

E.Isthefirstofnextmonthallrightwithyou

29.2（）

A.Whowon?

B.Howhardtheypractice!

C.Theyarecool,aren’tthey?

D.Didyougotoseethebasketballgameyesterday?

E.IknowthatbothJohnandTimareontheteam

30.69.____（）

31.M:Whatafinedaytoday!1

W:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.2

M:Let’sgototheGreenHill.

W:Shallwetakethebusthere?

M:3It’snotveryfar.

W:ThatwillbeOK.I’llridemynewbikemyfatherboughtmeformybirthdaylastmonth.

M:4

W:Let’saskMaryandJacktogowithus.TheyplannedtogolastSundaybutitrained.

M:Good!I’msuretheywillbehappyto.

W:Haveyougotanyideawhatwearegoingtodothere?

M:5

W:Thatwillbefine

1（）

A.Wecangotherebybike

B.Whynotasksomeoneelsetojoinus?

C.Wheretogo?

D.Howaboutgoingonatrip?

E.Wecanjustlieonthegrasshavingagoodrest

32.70.____（）

33.67.____（）

四、翻譯(10題)34.Yesterdayafternoon,Imetanoldfriendofminewhosaidthathewouldgoabroadthenextmonth

35.他說像統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)這樣的細節(jié)就不必包括在內(nèi)了

36.雖然有很多困難，他們還是下定決心履行諾言

37.Foranoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrows,andhasachievedwhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatmiserableandignoble

38.Whateveryourindividualneedis,youcanbesurethatbytheageofthirtyyouwillhavesleptforatotalofmorethantwelveyears

39.由于種種原因，他將不參加此次會議

40.他要是知道她的電話，就用不著費那么多事兒了

41.他們住進了市里最好的賓館

42.令人難以置信的是他的職業(yè)生涯居然已經(jīng)走到了盡頭

43.Pleaseraiseyourhandswhoeveragreeonthissuggestion

五、閱讀理解(10題)44.Passivesmokingmeans______（）

A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

B.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

C.never-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette

D.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

45.34.____（）

46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthethirdparagraph（）

A.Pupilscanlearnhowtobecapableorganizers

B.Pupilscanlearnhowtoworktogetherwithothers

C.Pupilscanlearnhowtoparticipateinteachingactivities

D.Pupilscanlearnhowtodeveloptheirreasoningabilities

47.Thepassagemainlydiscusses_________（）

A.post-80scouplesandtheirfriends

B.post-80scouplesandbabypooling

C.post-80scouplesandtheirparents

D.kidsandtheirgrandparents

48.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericantelevisionis______（）

A.criticalB.praisingC.doubtfulD.sympathetic

49.Whatdoesthephraselittersofpupsmeaninthesecondparagraph（）

A.BabyratsB.AnimalsC.OldratsD.Grown-uprats

50.Manythingsaboutlanguageareamystery,andmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow.

First,weknowthatallmenintheworldhavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage.And,inhistoricaltimes,therehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage.

Second,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundeveloped,whoare,aswesay,uncivilized,butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknownlanguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping.Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeed,thedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitiveway.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.Thereare,orwere,hundredsofAmericanIndianlanguages,andallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.

Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatis,eachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.

Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsounds,andchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage

Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph（）

A.Somebackwardraceofmendoesn’thavealanguageoftheirown

B.Someraceofmeninhistorydidn’tpossessalanguageoftheirown

C.Anyhumanrace,whetherbackwardornot,hasalanguage

D.Someraceofmenonearthcancommunicatewithoutlanguage

51.Passage1

Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyimprovetheirchildren'slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.Howparentstalktotheirchildrenmakesabigdifferenceinthechildren'slanguagedevelopment.Ifaparentencouragesthechildtoactivelyrespondtowhattheparentisreading,thechild'slanguageskillsincrease.

Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedintheexperimentalstudy；theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentsweregivenatwo-hourtrainingsessioninwhichtheyweretaughttoaskopen-endedquestionsratherthanyes-or-noquestions.Forexample,theparentshouldask,Whatisthedoggiedoing?ratherthanIsthedoggierunningaway?Theparentsintheexperimentalgroupwerealsoinstructedinhowtohelpchildrenfindanswers,howtosuggestalternativepossibilitiesandhowtopraisecorrectanswers.

Atthebeginningofthestudy,thechildrendidnotdifferinmeasuresoflanguagedevelopment,butattheendofonemonth,thechildrenintheexperimentalgroupshowed5.5monthsaheadofthecontrolgrouponatestofverbalexpressionandvocabulary.Ninemonthslater,thechildrenintheexperimentalgroupstillshowedanadvanceof6monthsoverthechildreninthecontrolgroup

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage（）

A.Childrenwhotalkalotaremoreintelligent

B.Parentswholistentotheirchildrencanteachthemmore

C.Activechildrenshouldreadmoreandbegivenmoreattention

D.Verbalabilitycaneasilybedevelopedwithpropermethods

52.Thispassagesuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightcauseyouto_____（）

A.dreammuchoften

B.havepoorhealth

C.feeltoonervous

D.breatheverydeeply

53.Whenthereisaheavyrain,treescanhelptopreventfloods,astheycan_______（）

A.keeprainfromfallingdowntosoftground

B.causethesoiltoallowrainwatertosinkin

C.preventthesoilfrombeingwashedaway

D.makethetopsoilsticktogether

六、作文題(1題)54.Accordingtothegiveninformation,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionentitledTheImportanceofHumorinabout100words.ThecompositionisrequiredtobewrittenontheAnswerSheet.

（1）幽默有益身心健康；

（2）幽默能帶給周圍的人歡樂；

（3）如何培養(yǎng)幽默感

參考答案

1.A農(nóng)民們被允許在自己的園子里種菜，并將蔬菜拿到市場上去賣。

［考點］詞語搭配

【精析】Aonthemarket為固定搭配，意為上市，出售。故選A

2.A安裝這臺機器的費用相當高，但從長遠來看會有好結(jié)果的。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Apayoff:還清，取得成功，帶來好結(jié)果；keepoff:不接近；turnoff：關(guān)掉；putoff:推遲，拖延。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

3.DD句意：以保護環(huán)境的名義，這家化工廠被拆除了。詞義辨析題。inspiteof：不管，不顧；inhonorof：為了向……表示敬意，為慶祝……，為紀念……；infavorof：贊同，支持；inthenameof：用……的名義，代表……。故選D

4.A他有很強的責任感。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Asense：感覺，意識，asenseofduty意為責任感；emotion:情緒，情感；passion:激情；thought：思想，想法。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

5.B如果喬的妻子不去參加聚會，他也不會去。

［考點］倒裝句

【精析】B如果前面所述情況也適用于后者，后面的句子常用so（肯定句），neither或nor（否定句）引出倒裝句。根據(jù)從句中的doesn't可知，空處應(yīng)用neither或nor引出倒裝句。另外，If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以主句應(yīng)用一般將來時，即遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。故選B

6.D說實話，除了花銷太大外，我們的假期過得很愉快。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Dexcept：除……之外，表示從同類的人或事物中除去，不包括所除去的人或事物；besides：除……之外（還），包括所除去的人或事物在內(nèi)；inadditionto：除……之外（還），表示兩個事物或動作之間的增補關(guān)系；exceptfor：除……之外，常指對某種情況進行具體的細節(jié)方面的修正，被除去的事物與正談及的事物之間不具有共同屬性或性質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意可知，選D

7.A這個中學的禮堂不夠大，容不下所有的學生。

［考點］固定用法

【精析】Aenough既可以作形容詞，又可以作副詞。作形容詞時，可放在被修飾的名詞之前或之后；作副詞時，則要置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。在本句中enough是作副詞，修飾形容詞big，所以應(yīng)放在其后。故選A

8.B空氣污染顯然是城市生活的主要缺陷之一。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Breference：涉及；disadvantage：缺陷，缺點；definition：定義；expression：表達。根據(jù)句意選B

9.C如果你懷疑病情嚴重的話，就不應(yīng)該拖延去看病。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Cpickout:挑選,取出；makeout:理解，辨認出；putoff:推遲；giveoff:發(fā)出，放出。根據(jù)句意可知，選C

10.D這個廣告公司最近雇用了一位曾在全國競賽中獲獎的設(shè)計師。

［考點］定語從句

【精析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知后面是一個定語從句修飾designer,且空處在定語從句中作主語，所以應(yīng)選who來引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選D

11.A——他看起來如此年輕！

——我同意你的觀點。他看來只有30歲，但是實際上他45歲了。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Aactually：實際上，事實上；basically：主要地，基本上；accordingly：因此，于是，相應(yīng)地；entirely：完全地，徹底地。根據(jù)句意可知，選A

12.C到上個月底，我們已完成了這項任務(wù)。

［考點］動詞時態(tài)

【精析】C根據(jù)句中的時間狀語Bytheendoflastmonth（到上個月底）可知，本句應(yīng)用過去完成時，即謂語動詞用had+過去分詞的形式，表示到過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。A項是一般過去時；B項是將來完成時，若句中出現(xiàn)了by+將來時間構(gòu)成的時間狀語，則應(yīng)用將來完成時，所以B項不正確；D項是現(xiàn)在完成時。故選C

13.D在英國，一年當中最好的季節(jié)大概是晚春了。

［考點］詞語搭配

【精析】Dlatespring為固定搭配，意為晚春。其他選項均不能與spring構(gòu)成搭配

14.D到下個月底，我們將完成大橋的建設(shè)。

［考點］謂語動詞的時態(tài)

【精析】D由時間狀語bytheendofnextmonth可知本句謂語應(yīng)用將來完成時，表示到將來某一時間或動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作

15.C瑪麗和她的朋友們一起在中國學習漢語。

［考點］主謂一致

【精析】C當主語是由with,aswellas,alongwith等連接的并列主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致。句中前面的主語是Mary，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故選C

16.C句意：這是我第三次去故宮了，可我依然認為它令人驚嘆。本題考查動詞時態(tài)。如果與動詞相關(guān)的時間狀語為the+序數(shù)詞+time，表示第幾次，則動詞需要使用完成式。本題還需注意go無法表達動作延續(xù)，因此不能選擇havegone

17.B在很大程度上，你在大學里的學習方式和你在高中時的是不同的。

［考點］詞語搭配

【精析】Btoagreatextent為固定搭配，意為在很大程度上。故選B

18.B值得贊揚的是，能源部承擔起了執(zhí)行節(jié)約不可再生資源計劃的責任。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Btakeoff:脫下，起飛；takeon:承擔（責任），呈現(xiàn)；takein：吸入，理解；taketo:喜歡上，養(yǎng)成……的習慣。根據(jù)句意可知，選B

19.C由于暴風雪所有火車都被取消了，許多乘客除了在火車站待著別無他法。

［考點］非謂語動詞

【精析】Cdonothingbutdo為固定句型,but前是實義動詞do的某種形式，所以but后的不定式省略了to，意為只能做，除了做……外什么都不能做。注意：若but前面不是實義動詞do的某種形式,則不定式不能省略to。故選C

20.D這些數(shù)字是以預(yù)期經(jīng)濟將會持續(xù)改善為基礎(chǔ)的。

［考點］詞義辨析

【精析】Dpreparation：準備；impression：印象；function：作用，功能；expectation：預(yù)期。根據(jù)句意可知，選D

21.GK根據(jù)空后的名詞短語15years可知，空處應(yīng)填介詞。符合要求的選項有C、K。句意：15年來，來自倫敦大學學院的專家們一直在調(diào)查超過6,700名英國人的生活方式。故選K。

22.HH分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾指人的先行詞friends。符合要求的選項只有H。句意：學生在上大學時可以學習并交到將持續(xù)一生的朋友。故選H。

23.JA.studied（v.學習，研究）B.continuing（v.繼續(xù)，持續(xù)）C.by（prep.通過）D.who（pron.引導(dǎo)定語從句）E.whose（pron.引導(dǎo)定語從句）F.improve（v.改進，改善）G.truth（n.事實，真相）H.ignored（v.忽視，不予理睬）I.recently（adv.最近，不久前）J.those（pron.那些）K.for（prep.表示一段時間）L.less（adv.更少，較少）J分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后的who引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，空處為其先行詞，所以空處應(yīng)填指人的名詞或代詞。符合要求的選項只有J。those在此處指代上文中的people，此處表達的是“不去（音樂會、演出和博物館）的那些人”。故選J。

24.A

25.D

26.E

27.11.F12.D13.G14.E15.C

28.E

29.A

30.E

31.D

32.B

33.D

34.昨天下午，我遇到了一位老朋友，他說他下個月要出國

35.Hesaidthatdetailslikestatisticsshouldnotbeincluded

36.Inspiteofallthedifficulties,theyaredeterminedtocarryouttheirpromises

37.對一個經(jīng)歷了人生悲歡，而且取得過自己成就的老人來說，對死亡的恐懼在某種程度上來說是可憐的，不光彩的

38.不管你的個人需要是什么，可以確定的是等你三十歲的時候，你睡覺的總時間將在十二年以上

39.Hewillnotattendthemeetingforavarietyofreasons.【精析】由于種種原因可譯為foravarietyofreasons。根據(jù)將可知，本句應(yīng)用一般將來時，即will+動詞原形的形式。參加會議的常用表達為attendthemeeting

40.Hadheknownhertelephonenumber,itmighthavesavedhimsometrouble

41.Theycheckedinthebesthotelofthecity.【精析】本句考查常用短語的翻譯。住進賓館可譯為checkinthehotel；市里最好的……可譯成thebest…ofthecity

42.Itisunbelievablethathiscareershouldhavecometoanend

43.同意這項建議的請舉手

44.C推理判斷題。由第二段中Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecondhandtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.一句中可知Passivesmoking重在強調(diào)暴露在煙霧中,由此可推斷C為正確選項

45.JJ根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填動詞。根據(jù)句意他們想要友好的關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)選maintain,maintainrelationship意為維持關(guān)系。故選J

46.C［考點］事實細節(jié)題

【精析】C根據(jù)第三段第二句Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntocooperate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskills.可知，經(jīng)常以小組學習的學生們可以學會合作、分享，并培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，