高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

語(yǔ)法-k===從句

從句的做題思路======》判定是什么從句

一、關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句（前提：懂得判斷是哪一種從句）

1.修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。

2?連接詞

that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/as

What/howx既起連接作用/有充當(dāng)句子成分

3.先行詞n./pron―被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的

根據(jù)先行詞選擇連接詞

物：which/that//whose

人：who/whom/that/whose

時(shí)間：when/which/that

地點(diǎn)：where/which/that

Reason:從句完整why/forwhich；從句不完整

which/that/—

Way:從句完整inwhich/that/-;從句不完整

which/that/-

Idon'tlikethewayinwhich/that/-youspeak

toyourparents.

Hefoundthewaywhich/thatwasreasonable

tosolvetheproblem.

當(dāng)先行詞與連接詞后面的名詞n存在所屬關(guān)系時(shí)（…

的)

物：whose+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich

人：whose+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhom

Theroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouthis

mine.

Thegirl,whosefatherdiedisourmonitor.

4.只能用that不能用which(重點(diǎn)前5種情況)

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞，如all,everything,

anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the

one等。

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(2)先行詞被all,few,little,no,every等詞修飾

時(shí)。

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.

(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

ThisisthefirstletterthatI'vewritteninJapanese.

(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時(shí)

ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.

(5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthat

theyhadvisited.

(6)當(dāng)先行詞是系動(dòng)詞be后面的表語(yǔ)或連接詞本

身是從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

Chinaisn'tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50years

ago.

(7)當(dāng)主句是以who,which或what開頭的特殊疑

問句時(shí)。

Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?

5.永遠(yuǎn)不用that====介詞/逗號(hào)之后

6.當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)時(shí)when/where

/that/which/—

When=介詞+which=介詞+日寸間

Where=介詞+which二介詞+地點(diǎn)

Which/that=時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)

當(dāng)從句完整時(shí)，用的已11/\￥11已化/介詞+\￥歷(±

當(dāng)從句不完整時(shí)，用which/that/-

e.g.Istillrememberthedaysthat/which/-we

spentattheseasidelastsummer.

Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wherehisparents

usedtowork.

Thelibrary_where/inwhich_studentsoftenstudy

wasonfirelastnight.

Thelibrary,_which/that_wasbuiltinthe1930s,needs

repairing.

Thelibrary_which/that/—youvisitedyesterdaywas

builtin1990.

rilneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichwe

firstmetinthepark.

rilneverforgetthetime_that/which/—I

spentoncampus.

rilneverforgetthetime_that/whichwasspent

withyou.

7.as與which的比較:

(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，均可替代整個(gè)主句.如

從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用；如從句在主句

之前，用aso

Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.

Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthe

sun.

(2)as"正如……,就像……”

Which"這一點(diǎn)/這個(gè)/這件事”

HepassedtheCollegeEntranceExamination,

madehisparentsveryhappy.

A.asB.whichC.thatD.it

Heiscareless,whichcausedtheaccident.

Heislateagain,as/whichweexpected.

8.當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such,so修飾時(shí)，

Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.

同一類一

............................that......................................同

一個(gè)

Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn'tworkout.

（后面句子不完整）

Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn'tworkit

out.（后面句子完整）

Thiswassuchadifficultproblem...............

1.TheoldmanreturnedtoChina,heleft20years

ago.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.how

2.-Whenisyourhusband'sbirthday?

—Thesamedayofmybirthday,Ican'tforget.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.it

3.Let'sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,—the

weathermaybebetter.

A.whichB.whenC.thatD.if

4.MrGreendrovehiscarveryslowlyuntilhecameto

thefreeway,—thespeedlimitwas60milesanhour.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where.

5.Thehoursthechildrenspendintheirone-way

relationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedly

affecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.onwhich

6.Iknowtheboyyougavethe

book.

A.whom；toB.which；to

C.towhom；toD.that；tohim

7.HarbinistheveryplaceI'manxious

topayavisit.

A.thatB.which

C.onwhichD.towhich

8.HaveyoubeentoHangzhou,West

Lakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry?

A.whoseB.whichC.that

D.where

9.Iknowthestudentyouborrowedthe

pen.

A.thatB.fromwhom

C.fromwhichD.whom

10.HereareplayersfromJapan,areour

oldfriends.

A.thatB.whereC.theyD.who

11.Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse,infrontof

satasmallboy.

A.theplaceB.itC.whichD.that

12.ThatisthedayI'llneverforget.

A./B.onwhich

C.inwhichD.when

13.Theletterisfrommysister,is

workinginBeijing.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.she

14.1lostabook,Ican'tremembernow.

A.itstitleB.whosetitle

C.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat

15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary

wasusedyesterday.

A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as

16.HeisgoodatEnglish,weallknow.

A.thatB.asC.thisD.what

17.Filneverforgetthedayswespent

togetherinthecountryside.

A.whenB.onwhichC.whichD.in

which

18.ThisisthebestfilmIhaveever

seen.

A.thatB.whichC.nowthatD.if

19.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents

fromShanghai.

A.whoisB.whoare

C.theyareD.thatcome

20.MrScottisoneoftheforeignexpertswho

____________inChina.

A.worksB.isworking

C.areworkingD.hasbeenworking

21.LwhoinAmerica,feelproudof

beingaChinese.

A.isB./C.amD.being

22.Theboyfailedintheexamagain,

madehisparentsdisappointed.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.what

23.Thedoctorsandnursesdidthey

couldtohelpthewounded.

A.allwhatB.allwhichC.everythingwhat

D.allthat

Theydidall(thattheycoulddo)tohelptheboy.

24.He'llneverforgetthepeopleandtheplace

shevisitedinBeijinglastyear.

A.thatB.whichC.whomD.where

25.Doyouknowthereasonhewas

late?

A.forwhatB.whichC.forwhich

D.that

Doyoubelievethereasonhegaveforhis

beinglate?

ACBDAADABDCACBDBCAAC

CBDAC

定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

I.Multiplechoices

1.Guilinisthemostbeautifulplaceeveryoneall

overtheworldwantstovisit?

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where

2.Haseverythingcanbedonebeendone?

A.thatB.whichC.whatD./

3.1don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.

A.whichB.inwhichC.inthatD.ofwhich

4.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheart

intohermouth.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.which

5.TheSmithswillmoveintotheirnewhousenext

Wednesday,itwillbecompletelyfinished.

A.bywhichtimeB.bythetimeC.thatD.which

6.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson

shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

7.Mrs.Brown,departmentIwork,isafriendly

woman.

A.whoseB.whichC.inwhoseD.inwhich

8.Couldyousuggestatimeitwouldfityoutovisit

usandtryoutthemachine?

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inthat

9.Nextwinter,—youwillspendinHongKong,Iam

sure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.inwhich

10.Isthistheresearchcenteryouvisitedthe

modernequipmentlastmonth?

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.theonethat

11.Isthistheresearchcenteryouvisitedlast

month?

A.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.theonethat

例1.Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysago?

例2.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdays

ago?

彳列3.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?

A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?/p>

1.Thismuseumisyouvisiteda

fewdaysago.

2.Thisisthemuseumyouvisitedafew

daysago.

3.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwas

held.

12.Canyoutellmethereasonyouwantedto

breakthewindow?

A.whichB.thatC.becauseD.Why

13.Idon'tbelievethereasonyoutoldme

yesterday.

A.forwhichB.thatC.becauseD.why

14.isexpected,theFrenchteamwonthe

footballmatch.

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.What

15.Don'treadsuchbooksarenotworthreading.

A.thatB.whichC.asD./

16.isreportedinthenewspaper,DoctorLiwill

visitourtownnextweek.

17.Heislateforschoolagain,__isoftenthecase.

18.weknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

19.Thesunheatstheearth,_isveryimportanttous.

A.asBwhichC.thatD.It

20.Heisbraveamaneverlived.

21.Don'treadbooksarenotworth

reading.

22.Heisanhonestmanwerespecthim.

23.Heisanhonestmanwerespect.

A.such...asB.such.,that

24.1wanttobuythesameTVsethebought.

25.ThisisthesamebookIlost.

A.asB.that

26.Itwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltwith

stonesbyhisfatherhespenthischildhood.

A.which;thatB.that;where

C.which;whichD.where;that

27.Themeetingwasputoff,wasexactly

wewanted.

A.which;whichB.as;that

C.which;whatD.it;that

28.Itissuchagoodplaceeverybodywantsto

visititiswell-knownallovertheworld.

A.which;thatB.as;as

C.as;thatD.that;as

29.——“Wheredidyoumeetyouroldfriend?^^

——“ItwasinthehotelIwasstaying.”

A.thatB.whenC.whereD.Which

II.Findoutmistakesinthefollowingsentences:

1)Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoarepraised.

2)Isthisschooltheonethatyouworkedlastyear?

3)Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedlastyear?

4)Hefailedintheexamination,itmadehismother

angry.

5)Therich,forwhosemoneyisnotaproblem,always

buybighousesandexpensivecars.

6)IllneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountry.

7)Witheverythingsheneededbuying,shewenthome.

8)Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnoonecanwork

out.

9)ItisthishousethatIwasbroughtup.

10)Itisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass

11)Thanksforyourgift.ThisisexactlythatIwanted.

12)JackisamanwhomIbelieveishonest.

二、名詞性從句

陳述語(yǔ)序

主語(yǔ)從句WhatIsayistrue

賓語(yǔ)從句Hewon'tbelievewhatIsay.

表語(yǔ)從句ThatiswhatIsaid.

同位語(yǔ)從句ItoldthemthenewsthatRocketswonthe

gametoday.

區(qū)別什么從句應(yīng)看主句，主句不完整時(shí)從句肯定是

名詞性從句。主句完整時(shí)，從句可能是定語(yǔ)從句，

狀語(yǔ)從句，或者同位語(yǔ)從句。

Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.

Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithallkindsof

flowers.

Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.

Thisistheplacewherewecameyesterday.

Here,hemadethepromisethathewouldcomehere10

yearslater.

Iwillmakeamarkwherehemadethepromise.

需要用什么引導(dǎo)詞看從句。名詞性從句中缺什么意

思用什么意思的引導(dǎo)詞；缺名詞性成份時(shí)，指人用

who/whom,指物用what;不缺意思和成份時(shí)用that。

That只有在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略。

1.theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingis

known.

A.不填B.WheneverC.WhatD.When

2.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthemrubbish

canandshouldbeputtogooduse.

A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that

3.He'sboughtacottageforheretires,withthe

moneyhesaved.

A.WhenB.whereC.whatD.which（哪一

個(gè)、哪一些）

—ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.

—DoyouthinkitpossiblethatwetakeoverTaiwan?

_Ofcourse

It經(jīng)常在句中當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，代替真正的主語(yǔ)、

賓語(yǔ)，以避免頭重腳輕。

Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowof

carbondioxideinandoutoftheatmospheretoday.

A.ThatB.whenC.whatD.how

Whydon'tyoubringtohisattentionthatyouare

toobusytodoit?

A.ThisB.whatC.thatD.it

表“是否”時(shí)只用whether不用if:

1.Whetherthepresidentwillcomeisnotknownyet.

住從）

2.Theproblemiswhetherweneedit.（表從）

3.Theproblemwhetherwewillbuildanotherschool

hasn'tbeensettled.

（同位語(yǔ)從句）

4.Hewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedthe

Englishexamination.（介詞之后）

5.Itdoesn'tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.

（whether...or/ornot）

6.1don'tknowwhethertogo.（動(dòng)詞不定式之前）

三、狀語(yǔ)從句

（主句完整，從句和主句之間不存在修飾關(guān)系

的，一般就是狀從）

1.關(guān)于when/while/as

都有“當(dāng)…時(shí)”

WhenIarrived,hehadalreadyleft.

Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewas

away.（當(dāng)...時(shí)）

Asthesunsetinthewest,itbecamedarkerand

darker.

Astimegoesby//astheeconomydevelops

When（正在這時(shí)）

Beabouttodo....When...

Bedoing...when...

Hadjustdone...when...

Beonthepointofdoing...when...

When==since

while

HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondofclassical

music.（而）

Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewas

away.（當(dāng)...時(shí)）

WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican'tagreewith

you.（雖然）

as

A.隨著+句子astimewentbyastheeconomy

develops

Withtheexamcoming/drawingnear

/approaching

B.像十句子Itlooksalittleuglyasitis.

C作為+短語(yǔ)

treat/regard/consider/thinkof/look

on.......as

（把…作為…來(lái)對(duì)待）

D.因?yàn)槭渥觔ecause/since/for

AsyouareSenior3students,youshouldspareno

effort/painstostudy.

E.正如/就像

Asisknowntoall/weallknow,Taiwanbelongs

toChina.

Asanoldsayinggoes,it'snotuntiltheDragon

BoatFestivalthatwecanputawaywarmclothes.

F.雖然+句子（倒裝）=though放句首

a.表語(yǔ)提前

Youngas/thoughheis,hespeaksEnglish

fluently.

Childasheis,heknowsalot.（冠詞去掉）

b.副詞提前

Muchashelikesher,hedarenottellher.

=Although(xthough)helikesherverymuch,

hedarenottellher.

=Hedarenottellher,thoughhelikeshervery

much.

though(放主句后面不倒裝)

c.動(dòng)詞提前

Tryasshemay,shestillcouldn'tconvinceher

parentsthatshewasmoresuitableforalawyer

thanateacher.

d.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)提前

Pleasantastheymadeittotravel,wefelttired

afterthelongjourney.

Althoughtheymadeitpleasanttotravel,

2.關(guān)于since/before/until

Itis/hasbeenseveralmonthssincewelastspentthe

holidayinthecountrytogether.

Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderful

time.

Before

HeleftbeforeIcouldsay“thankyou“tohim.來(lái)

不及

ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit.才

Itwon'tbelongbeforewehaveamonthlyexam.

Itwillbetenyearsbeforewemeetagain.

Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.

Until/till（主句謂語(yǔ)持續(xù)性）

Not...until…（主句謂語(yǔ)短暫性）

GeorgeworkedforIBMuntil/till2000.

直到靠近，我才認(rèn)出他。

Untilhecameuptome,Irecognizedhim.

（此句錯(cuò)誤）

==》Ididn'trecognizehimuntilhecameuptome.

3.關(guān)于“一...就”

Hardly...when...

Nosooner...than...

Assoonas

Themoment/time/minute/second+句子

Immediately/instantly/directly+句子

Ondoing/名詞

Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therain

poureddown.

Themomentshesawtherobber,shescreamed.

Instantlyhesawthedrowninggirl,hejumpedintothe

river.

Uponarrival/Onarrival/Onarriving,Iwillpayavisit

toyoufirst.

4.Itis/was+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)另ll

Itwasmidnight_Ifellasleep.

A.whenB.thatC.whileD.because

Itwasatnoonwearrivedinthevillage.

A.beforeB.whileC.whenD.that

5.Unless如果不(除非)/if如果

yougoallouttodothework,Idon't

thinkyoucanachieveyourgoalasplanned.

A.UnlessB.EvenC.SinceD.Till

Heneverspeaksheisspokento,forheisnot

muchofaspeaker.

A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.until

6.asif(though)似乎/仿佛/好像+真實(shí)/虛擬

7.evenif/though即使

8.incase/forfearthat以防/'性恐

9.What/whatever/nomatterwhat;

how/howevei7Komatterhow

What(ever)+名詞

How(ever)+形容詞/副詞

Whateverdifficultieswemeetwith,itisbesttoface

themandtrytosolvethem.

Howeverlateitis,I'llwaitforyou.

Nomatterhowbusyheis,heisreadytohelpothers.

Nomatter+疑問詞==弓|導(dǎo)狀從

疑問詞+6丫。1==引導(dǎo)名從/狀從

Whateveryousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.=Nomatter

what(狀語(yǔ)從句)

Iwon'tbelievewhateveryousay..anythingthat

(賓語(yǔ)從句)

Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes,don'tlethimin.

(狀語(yǔ)從句)

Whoever/Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthe

lights.（主語(yǔ)從句）

10.Where+句子（特別是引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀從和定

從的區(qū)別）

Ihaveforgottenwherewewentyesterday.

Wherewewentyesterdayiscoveredwithall

kindsofflowers.

Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.

Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichwecame

yesterday.

Iwillmakeamarkwheretheteacher

emphasizes.

11.nowthat-since-when;inthat=because;

notthat...butthat=notbecause...butbecause

12.當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such,so修飾時(shí)，

Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同

一類一

..................................that......................................同

一個(gè)

Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn'tworkout.

（后面句子不完整）

Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn'tworkit

out.（后面句子完整）

Thiswassuchadifficultproblem...............

1.Thefamousscientistgrewuphewasbomand

in1930hewenttoShanghai.

A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.

wherever

2.Thephotowastakenstoodafamoushigh

tower.

A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.

there

3.Youmustbefirmyouthinkyourselftobe

right.

A.inwhichB.whereC.whatD.no

matterhow

4.ThewriterhaswrittenmanyEnglishpoems,

histeachersandfriendshadn'texpected.

A.asB.whichC.ofwhichD.

that

5.Suchthingsyoudescribedarerarenow.

A.likeB.asC.thatD.

which

6.lifepacecontinuestospeedup,weare

quicklylosinguptheartofenjoyment.

A.WithB.AsC.whenD.While

7.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.

A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As

8.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputup

therehadbeenatheater.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what

9.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings

youcanfindthemagain.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which

10.itistruethatasuccessfulbusinessmanor

inventorwillusuallybecomerich,manyotherpeople

whoareoutstandingintheirfieldstakelittlenotice

ofpersonalpossessions.

A.WhileB.SinceC.UnlessD.If

11.Asweallknow,itwasthatresultedthe

terribleaccident.

A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeing

careless

C.becauseshewascarelessD.shewas

careless

12.ThewholecountrycheeredonNov.15th

Chinacompletedacleansweepforthefirstvictory

in18yearsinregainingtheWomen'sVolleyball

WorldCuptitle.

A.thatB.whenC.untilD.which

13.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimeshe

couldavoidmakingthesamemistake

A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.as

14.youdon'thavemyphonenumber,it's

780-7842.1lookforwardtomeetingyousoon.

AIncaseB.OnpurposeC.AslongasD.

Bytheway

15.Takethisbaggageandhangityoucanfind

enoughspace.

A.whichB.inwhichC.attheplaceD.

where

16.Weshallnevergiveintheymightdoorsay

aboutourplan.

A.nomatterhowB.whatC.whatever

D.although

語(yǔ)法二二==非謂語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)做題思路

L判斷主被動(dòng)

2.判斷時(shí)間（要發(fā)生/正在進(jìn)行/已完成）

非謂語(yǔ)====不能做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式

1Doing主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行

eg.Themanstandingthereismyteacher.

2beingdone被動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行

eg.Ithinkthebookbeingwrittenbyhimwillsellwell.

3havingdone主動(dòng)已經(jīng)完成只能做狀語(yǔ)

egHavingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.

4havingbeendone被動(dòng)已經(jīng)完成只能做狀語(yǔ)

egHavingbeentakencareofwell,theoldman

recoveredsoon.

5done被動(dòng)已經(jīng)完成

fallenleaves（這里表完成，不表被動(dòng)）

Thehousebrokenintoismysister's.

6（only\just）todo主動(dòng)將來(lái)

7tobedoing主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行

8tobedone被動(dòng)將來(lái)

9tohavedone主動(dòng)完成

10(tohavebeen)done被動(dòng)完成

非謂語(yǔ)Havingdone所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前完

成，一般放句首做狀語(yǔ)。

非謂語(yǔ)doing所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同

時(shí)進(jìn)行。

Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.

HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaii

already,Ididn'ttakemuchnotice.

Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,Iam

stillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialto

causegreatdamage.

Walkinginthewayofbackhome,suddenlyIsawa

storecoveredwithsmoke.

配套練習(xí)

1someofthisjuice,perhapsyou'lllikeit.

A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havingtried

2Hesentmeanemail,togetfurtherinformation.

A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope

3in1636,Harvardisoneofthemostfamous

universitiesintheUnitedStates.

A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.Founded

D.Founding

4Tonywasveryunhappyfortotheparty.

A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvited

C.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeen

invited

5lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Having

slept

6.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand

them.

A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.to

correct

7suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoo

latetocleanuptheriver.

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.Tosuffer

D.Suffered

8Withalotofdifficultproblems,the

newly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

9Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears

everything.

A.tohavehadknownB.havingknownC.tohave

knownD.tohavingknown

10atthedoorbeforeenteringplease.

A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.

Knock

ABCDABACCD

不定式表意料之外的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的

結(jié)果。

Ihurriedhome,onlytofindnobodyin.

Hewokeup,onlytofindhimselfinthehospital.

Hisparentsdiedearly,leavinghimalone.

Itrainednon-stopfortendays,completelyruining

ourholidays.

Hewasadmittedtoakeyuniversitythisyear,thus

realizinghisdream.

*onlytodo與doing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法

“onlytodo"做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表意料之外的結(jié)果，尤指不

愉快的結(jié)果。

"doin『做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示必然結(jié)果與主句之間含有

邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。

(l)Thiskindoffishcaneatapersonintwominutes,

leaving_(leave)onlythebones.

(2)Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries,

_making_(make)itoneofthemostpopularsportsin

theworld.

(3)Itrainednonstopfortendays,completely

_ruining_(ruin)ourholidays.

(4)Lily'smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,

never_tobefound(find)again.

(5)Hisfatherdisappeared,never_tobe

heard_(hear)fromagain.

有賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)，無(wú)賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)

e.g.Heseatshimselfatthebackoftheclassroom.(做

謂語(yǔ))

Seatinghimselfatthebackoftheclassroom,hecan't

seethewordsontheblackboardclearly.(做狀語(yǔ))

Heisseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.(做謂

語(yǔ))

Seatedatthebackoftheclassroom,hecan'tseethe

wordsontheblackboardclearly.(做狀語(yǔ))

Dressed(dress)inanewbeautifuldress,shefeels

moreconfident.

Hehidhimself/ishiddenbehindthedoor.

Hidden(hide)behindthetree,thefather

couldn'tbefoundbyhislittleson.

Comparedto/withcars,bicycleshavesome

advantages.

Judgingfromhisexpression/lookonhisface,heis

farfromsatisfactory.

Judgedthebestinarecentsciencecompetition,the

threestudentswereawardedscholarshiptotaling27000

dollars.

Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.

Tastinggood,thefoodwassoonsoldout.

語(yǔ)法二二==虛擬語(yǔ)氣

（一）if虛擬

從句主句

與現(xiàn)在相反befwereWould/should/could/migl

dofdid

與過去相反BefhadbeenWould/should/could/migl

dofhaddonedone/been

1.Befwere;

與將來(lái)相反do—didWould/should/could/migl

2.wereto+V原

3.shoulddo

注：1、ifIwereyoufWereIyou

ifIhadfinisheditHadIfinishedit

ifitshouldrainShoulditrain

2、句型==（要不是）

Ifitwerenotfor....Would/should/could/might+do/be

=Wereitnotfor

Ifithadnotbeenfor....Would/should/could/might

+havedone/been

Haditnotbeenfor

Ifitwerenotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.

Ifithadn'tbeenfortheexpense,Iwouldhavegoneto

Italy.

I'vediscoveredIpossessalargenumberofdifferent

talentsandskillsthatIneverwouldhavethoughtwere

withinmehaditnotbeenformybeingopentotrying

newopportunities.

3、Without/butfor==（要不是）

Withoutyou,Iwouldn'thavegotfullmark.

4、真，or/orelse/otherwise假

Iambusy,otherwiseIwouldhelpyou.

Iwasbusy,otherwiseIwouldhavehelpedyou.

假，but真

Iwouldhelpyou,butIambusy.

Iwouldhavehelpedyou,butIwasbusy.

5、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間

IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn'tbein

troublenow.

（二）、Ifonly/Wish+現(xiàn)在：be-*weredo-*did

Ifonly/Wish+過去：befhadbeendofhaddone

Ifonly/Wish+將來(lái)：could/should/would+do

Asif/though也適用

Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.

Itseemsasifitweretorain.

注：mayyou+V原

（三）動(dòng)詞：

Insist/suggest/advise/recommend/propose/order/comma

nd/demand/require/request/desire+（should）do

注：動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞和句型也用（should）do表虛擬

suggestion/order/advice

It'ssuggested/orderedthat+

（四）It'snecessary/important/vitalthat...（should）do

（五）It's（high/about）timethat...shoulddo/did

（六）wouldrather+句子1、對(duì)現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)虛擬用did

2、對(duì)過去虛擬用haddone

1.Itseemsasifthesunroundtheearthsinceit

risesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

A.circlesB.iscirclingC.hasbeencircling

d.werecircling

2.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe

badlywoundedandthatheatonce.

A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbe

operatedon

C.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperated

on

3.forthedoctor'scarefultreatment,hetill

lastyear.

A.Ifitisnot;can'tliveB.Wereitnot;

couldn'tlive

C.Haditnotbeen;couldn,thavelivedD.Ifthey

werenot;couldn'tlive

4.Welastnight,butwewenttotheconcert

instead.

A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudy

C.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy

5.Withalittlemorecare,youthistrafficaccident.

A.couldavoidB.wouldavoid

C.could/wouldhaveavoidedD.musthaveavoided

語(yǔ)法四===情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)

must只用于肯定句/表示很有把握的猜測(cè)/翻譯成“肯

定/一定”；

can/could用于疑問句和否定句；

may/might用于肯定句/表示沒有把握的猜測(cè)/翻譯成

“可能也許”

mustn'thavedone絕對(duì)錯(cuò)/是無(wú)效選項(xiàng)

must必須，"不必"用needn't/don'thaveto

mustn't禁止/不準(zhǔn)

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do/be

表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在行為或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

You'vebeenworkingallday.Youmustbeverytired.

-Someoneisknockingonthedoor.

—Itcan'tbeLucy.She'sstillinthelibraryatthistime.

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone/havebeen

表示對(duì)過去行為或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

a.musthavedone表示對(duì)過去某事的肯定猜測(cè)。

其否定或疑問形式都用can(could)來(lái)表示.

Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.

Hecan'thavemissedtheway.Idrewhimamap.

“Thedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocould/canhave

takenit?”

b.may/mighthavedone

may/mighthavedone表示推測(cè)過去某事“也許”發(fā)

生了.

Ican'tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthematthe

schoolyesterday.

c.couldhavedone在肯定句型中，往往用作委婉的

批評(píng).

本可以做什么，而沒做；有時(shí)也用作猜測(cè).

Youcouldhavedoneitbetter.

Tomcouldhavetakenthedictionary.

d.oughtto/shouldhavedone和oughtnotto/

shouldn'thavedone

本該做而事實(shí)上沒做本不該做而事實(shí)上做

T

e.needn'thavedone本不必做卻做了

Theusageof“shall”

表征求(用在第一、三人稱)

(1)Theroomissodirty.wecleanit?”

A.WillB.shall

C.WouldD.Do

(2)IaskedMissJonesifIclosethewindow.

A.shallB.will

C.wouldD.should

IaskedMissJones,"ShallIclosethewindow?”

(3)——Wewantsomeonetodesignthenewart

museumf