2023年考研考博-考博英語-南開大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-南開大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath（）isexpectedtorise.問題1選項A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield2.單選題Animportantpropertyofscientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.問題1選項A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate3.單選題IrecentlyconductedasurveytoseewhatpeoplethoughtandknewaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.IdidthisbybringingupthesubjectofMLKDayincasualconversationswithpeopleandgaugingtheirreaction.(Thesamplingwas23friends,colleagues,andstrangers;10Black,9White,3Hispanic,1Asian;4werebetweentheages42-35and19were34-20.)AllknewKingasthefamousblackcivilrightsleaderwhowaskilled,butfewknewmuchmore.Themajorityofpeopleunder30—regardlessofrace—knewlittlemore,infact.HowisitthatJill(black,27,collegeeducated)didnotknowthatMLKwasaNobelPeacePrizerecipient?OrthatTim(white,31,collegeeducated)wascluelessaboutKing’snonviolentapproachtocivilrightsactivism?Darlene(black,23)thoughtsheshouldhavethedayofftosleepin.ShehadnoideatheMLKdayisreallyaboutdoingsomethingtoinspireothers.Whatisthepointofhavingadaytomarkthemanifwedonotunderstandthesignificanceofhislife?HowisitthatnotonlyoneofthegreatestAmericans,butoneofthemostinfluentialhumansinthehistoryofourplanetisnotbetterknowninthiscountry?HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasmorethanjustaninspirationalblackleader.Hisdesireandabilitytoriseabovehisownfailingsandthoseoffellowhumansupliftedusall—boththosewhowerelivingatthetimeandthosewhohavecomeafter.Evenifwedonotknowit,ourworldisabetterplacebecauseofhislight.Dr.King’slifewasextinguishedmorethan30yearsago,butnothislight.Itisstillhereforeachofustocarry,andtoilluminateevenbrighterwithourownuniquecreativityandcontributions.MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasbornonJanuary15,1929inAtlanta,Georgia.AftergraduatingfromMorehouseCollegeandbecomingaminister,hemadehiswaytoMontgomery,Alabamain1954.Thiswasanimportantdecisionforitwasinthesamecitythat,onDecember1ofthefollowingyear,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherbusseattoawhiteman.KingwaselectedpresidentoftheMontgomeryImprovementAssociationandledaboycottofMontgomerybusesthroughout1956,whichbroughthimnationalrecognition.King’slegacyofnon-violentactivismwasinfluencedbytheteachingsofJesusandGandhi.KingreinforcedandexpandedhisBiblicalconvictionsduringavisittoIndiain1959,wherehestudiedGandhi’smethodsofnon-violentprotestsduringtheearly1960’s.Agiftedorator,KingignitedtheworldandagenerationinthecauseforAmericancivilrightswithhis“IHaveaDream”speechonAug281963toacrowdof250000inWashington,D.C.“Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeproteststodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagainwemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce”...“Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident:thatallmenarecreatedequal.”...“Whenweletfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod’schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual,‘Freeatlast!Freeatlast!ThankGodAlmighty,wearefreeatlast!’”Dr.KingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeandwasnamedTimemagazine’s“PersonoftheYear”in1964.InhisNobelPrizeacceptancespeech,hesaid,“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime:theneedformantoovercomeoppressionandviolencewithoutresortingtooppressionandviolence.Manmustevolveforallhumanconflictsamethodwhichrejectsrevenge,aggressionandretaliation.Thefoundationofsuchamethodislove.”Kingwasoneofthemostextraordinaryhumanstoevergraceourplanet.Hewasamanwhomethateandhopelesswithloveandinspiration.Heusednon-violencetopointouttheobscenityofviolence.MartinLutherKingwasgunneddownattheLorraineMotelinMemphisonApril4,1968.Somecallitirony.Ichoosetothinkofitashisfinallessontous.1.ThePurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto（）.2.“HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.”(Para.4)canbebestinterpretedas“（）”.3.AccordingtoDr.King,whatisthesolutiontomajorpoliticalandmoralproblems?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.istrue?5.Theoveralltoneofthearticlecanbebestsummarizedas（）.問題1選項A.condemntheterroristactionofMartinLutherKing,Jr.'sassassinationB.honorMartinLutherKing,Jr.sinceMLKDayisdrawingnearC.criticizethepresentgenerationsfortheirignoranceofDr.KingD.highlightthesignificanceofthebeliefsandspiritofDr.King問題2選項A.KingisnotrememberedbythepresentgenerationasafootballplayeroramusicianB.ThepresentgenerationisignorantofKingwhogavehislifeforthepeoplesoftheworldC.IfKinghadturnedtomusicorsportshewouldhavebeenmoresuccessfulD.ItismeaninglesstohaveadaytomarkKingsinceheisnotfamousenough問題3選項A.Non-violence.B.Armedstruggle.C.Violentactivism.D.BelievinginGod.問題4選項A.HisNobelPrizeacceptancespeechwasthefamous“IHaveaDream”speech.B.Hewasthefirstonewhoadoptedanon-violentapproachinpoliticalstruggle.C.HehadafirmbeliefinGod,whichhelpedtoformhisnon-violentactivism.D.Hewasnamed“PersonoftheYear”becauseofhis“IHaveaDream”speech.問題5選項A.emotionalB.furiousC.indifferentD.matter-of-fact4.單選題Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.問題1選項A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation5.單選題Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?問題1選項A.commercialB.richC.poorD.distant問題2選項A.oddlyB.toughlyC.remarkablyD.badly問題3選項A.ofcleaning,washingandironingB.whicharenotregularorfixedC.whichonecanmakeextramoneywithD.withhousework問題4選項A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryserviceB.leavingaworldofdisciplineC.leavingthecityandhismotherD.fightingwithtoughguys問題5選項A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.6.單選題Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt（）butlonely.問題1選項A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything7.單選題Ithinkyoucantakea(n)（）languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.問題1選項A.middleB.intermediateC.mediumD.average8.單選題Thecompanywill（）toitsagreement,nomatterhowcostlytheprocessmaybe.問題1選項A.retainB.alterC.adhereD.abandon9.單選題Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmsfinally（）.問題1選項A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.dissipatedD.drained10.單選題Sheonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.問題1選項A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated11.單選題Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.問題1選項A.atlargeB.ateaseC.atrandomD.atintervals12.單選題Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.問題1選項A.legibleB.radicalC.medievalD.laden13.單選題I'dliketotakethisopportunityto（）myheart-feltgratitudetothehost.問題1選項A.increaseB.prolongC.intensifyD.express14.單選題Hotelroomsmustbe（）bynoon,butluggagemaybeleftwiththeporter.問題1選項A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced15.單選題Thesenatoragreesthathissupportoftheactionwould（）hischancesforreelection.問題1選項A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish16.單選題Agoodteachermustknowhowto（）hisideastothestudents,asgenerallyagreedbyeducationalexperts.問題1選項A.displayB.transmitC.conveyD.illuminate17.單選題Acidrainleadstofishmortality.ManyspeciesoffishcannotsurviveinaquaticenvironmentswherethePHisbelow5.0.Ifthewateristooacid,thegillsystemsofmanykindsoffishcanbedamaged.（1）,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryofallfish.Asaresult,thefishpopulationinanacidicenvironmentdecreases（2）becomesextinct.Approximately20percentofthelakesinScandinaviaarewithoutfish.Moreover,inNovaScotiathe（3）salmonindustrymaybethreatenedbythedecreaseofsalmoninriversandstreams.Theimpactisalso（4）inthewatersofOntarioandQuebec,wherefishpopulationsare（5）thedecline.Whatpotentialremediesexistfortheacidrain（6）?Theexpertsdisagree.Somesaynewenvironmentallawsshouldbe（7）tocontroltheemissionofpollutantsintheatmosphere.Somesaythatifwehadknownhowseriousacidrainwas,wewouldhaveplanned（8）topreventit.（9）,allagreethatiftheconsumptionoffossilfuelwerereduced,wewouldhavelessofaproblem.Another（10）isthatspecialscrubberscouldbeinstalledinsmokestackstoremoveagood（11）ofthepollutantsbeforetheygetintotheatmosphere.Otherideasevenincludebreedingmore（12）fish.Andresearchsuggeststhatspreadinglimeintolakesmaybeeffectivein（13）acidity.Inconclusion,itisclearthatifwetrulywanttoreducetheimpactofacidrain,a（14）ofremediesandinternationalcooperationmustbeexplored.Itisasadfactthatacidrainprobablycouldhavebeenavoidedifwe（15）whatweknownow.問題1選項A.LikewiseB.BesidesC.ThusD.Otherwise問題2選項A.andB.thenC.henceD.or問題3選項A.entireB.completeC.totalD.all問題4選項A.imaginableB.unaccountableC.considerableD.understandable問題5選項A.onB.withC.toD.at問題6選項A.affairB.issueC.matterD.question問題7選項A.announcedB.orderedC.imposedD.enacted問題8選項A.fasterB.moreC.betterD.harder問題9選項A.FurthermoreB.ConverselyC.AccordinglyD.Nevertheless問題10選項A.possibilityB.perspectiveC.occurrenceD.opportunity問題11選項A.pieceB.portionC.sectionD.segment問題12選項A.toleratedB.tolerantC.tolerableD.intolerant問題13選項A.descendingB.decliningC.reducingD.relieving問題14選項A.combinationB.allianceC.mixtureD.union問題15選項A.knowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknown18.單選題Howeverimportantweregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandmanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.2.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor（）.3.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthisarticledoesnotfavor（）.問題1選項A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparentsB.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschoolC.therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathomeD.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives問題2選項A.issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschoolB.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogramC.feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresentD.isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration問題3選項A.afather’shelpinghissonwiththelatter’sstudiesB.writtencommunicationstotheparentfromtheteacherC.havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaughtD.principal-parentconferencesratherthanteacher-parentconferences19.單選題Henrylookedverymuch（）whenhewascaughtcheatinginthebiologyexam.問題1選項A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered20.單選題Itooksomeoneelse’sbook（）mistake.問題1選項A.inB.forC.withD.by21.單選題WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.問題1選項A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight22.單選題Honestynolongerseemstobethebestpolicywithtellingofliesbecomingacommonpartofourdailylives.Anewresearchbyapsychologisthasrevealedthatmostpeoplelieineverydayconversationwhentheyaretryingtoappearlikableandcompetent.（1）“Peopletellaconsiderablenumberofliesineverydayconversation.Itwasaverysurprisingresult.Wedidn’texpectlyingtobesuchapartofdailyconversation,”saidRobertFeldman.Thestudyalsofoundthatliestoldbymenandwomendifferincontent,thoughnotinquantity.（2）“Womenweremorelikelytolietomakethepersontheyweretalkingtofeelgood,whilemenliedmostoftentomakethemselveslookbetter,”Feldmannoted.Aspartofthestudy,agroupof121pairsofundergraduatestudentswererecruitedtoparticipate.（3）Participantswereunawarethatthesessionwasbeingvideotaped.Attheendofthesession,thestudentswerethenaskedtowatchthevideoofthemandidentifyanyinaccuraciesinwhattheyhadsaidduringtheconversation.Theywereencouragedtoidentifyalllies,nomatterhowbigorsmall.Feldmansaidthestudentswhoparticipatedinthestudyweresurprisedattheirownresults.“Whentheywerewatchingthemselvesonvideotape,peoplefoundthemselveslyingmuchmorethantheythoughttheyhad,”Feldmansaid.Theliesthestudentstoldvariedconsiderably.（4）Othersweremoreextreme,suchasfalselyclaimingtobethestarofarockband.“It’ssoeasytolie,”Feldmansaid.“Weteachourchildrentobehonest,butwealsotellthemit’spolitetopretendtheylikeabirthdaygiftthey’vebeengiven.（5）.”問題1選項A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.問題2選項A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.問題3選項A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.問題4選項A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.問題5選項A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.23.單選題Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.問題1選項A.affordingB.accountingforC.allowingforD.acknowledging24.單選題Nobodyknowswhattriggeredtheevent,which（）amillioncubicmetersofwaterpersecond,obliteratingthebarrierbetweenBritainandFrance.問題1選項A.relievedB.releasedC.restoredD.retained25.寫作題Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordswiththetitle:MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries.DoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】名詞詞義辨析。toll“傷亡人數(shù)，代價”；figure“數(shù)字，圖形”；span“跨度，范圍”；yield“產(chǎn)量，收益”。句意：一輛豪華特快列車在印度東部一座橋上脫軌，造成至少50人當場死亡。據(jù)北方鐵路發(fā)言人表示，死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計還會上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人數(shù)”，符合句意。所以選項A正確。

2.【答案】A【解析】動詞詞義辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修復(fù)；arouse引起，喚醒；advocate主張，擁護。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個重要特性是它能夠激發(fā)對特定主題的進一步研究和思考。選項A符合句意。

3.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,本文提到馬丁?路德?金不僅僅是一位偉大的黑人領(lǐng)袖,更重要的是他的信念和精神一直鼓舞著人們。作者寫這篇文章的目的不是為了譴責(zé)刺殺馬丁?路德?金的恐怖主義和人們對他的無知，也不僅僅只是為了紀念他，最主要的還是強調(diào)其信念和精神的重要性，所以選項D正確。2.推理判斷題。這句話的意思是說“如果馬丁?路德?金是一位足球員或者音樂家,他可能會被現(xiàn)在的人所記住?！睗撛诘囊馑季褪钦f,馬丁?路德?金沒有被當代人所記住,由第三段也可以看出，所以選項B正確。3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第二句“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime...”非暴力是我們這個時代解決政治和道德問題的關(guān)鍵。選項A符合原文。4.細節(jié)判斷題。本題可采用排除法?！拔矣幸粋€夢想”不是馬丁?路德?金獲得諾貝爾獎發(fā)表的演講，而是在引導(dǎo)美國民權(quán)運動時發(fā)表的，所以選項A錯誤；馬丁?路德?金的非暴力行動主義是受耶穌和甘地教義的影響,由此可知他不是第一人,所以選項B錯誤,選項C表述正確;馬丁?路德?金被評為“年度人物”不是由于他的演講，而是因為他為人類的和平和發(fā)展做出的杰出貢獻,所以選項D也不正確。只有選項C正確。5.態(tài)度判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，作者只是客觀的陳述事實，沒有摻雜個人情感色彩。所以選項D正確。4.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.表示“對...感到生氣”。句意:記者和攝影師都對演員在采訪中的粗魯行為感到十分生氣。irritation一般與feel搭配，所以選項B正確。

5.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個地區(qū)很貧窮,選項C正確。2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運,在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進入了一個有紀律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項D最恰當。3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項A符合原文。4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運的經(jīng)歷是在部隊服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項A正確。5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項C也正確;所以本題選B。6.【答案】B【解析】不定代詞的用法。nothingbut只有，只不過；anythingbut根本不，絕不；allbut幾乎，差一點兒；沒有everythingbut的用法，排除。句意：他獨自一個人在一所廢棄的房子里，忙于研究工作，一點兒也不感到孤獨。選項B符合句意。

7.【答案】B【解析】近義詞辨析。middle“中間的，中部的”,側(cè)重方位;intermediate“中間的，中級的”,側(cè)重難易的程度;medium“中等的”,側(cè)重尺寸上的大小;average“平均的，普通的”。句意:我覺得你可以上一門中級語言課程來提高你的英語水平。選項B符合語境。

8.【答案】C【解析】動詞搭配。retain”保持,記住”;alter“改變,更改”;adhere“堅持,追隨”,一般與to連用;abandon“拋棄,遺棄”。句意:無論過程中會付出多大的代價,這家公司都將堅持其協(xié)議。選項C符合句意。

9.【答案】D【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：干了四年同樣的工作后,他的熱情終于消耗殆盡了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated惡化,變質(zhì)；dissipated消散,浪費；drained流干,耗盡。dissipate相當于waste，drain相當于usetoomuch，所以選項D更恰當。

10.【答案】D【解析】動詞搭配。merge“合并,吞沒”;coincide“一致,符合,同時發(fā)生”;constitute“組成,構(gòu)成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾經(jīng)與另一位音樂家合作創(chuàng)作了一首流行樂曲。選項D符合句意。

11.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”;atease“安逸,舒適”;atrandom“隨便地,任意地”;atintervals“不時地,間斷地”。句意:討論時間太長,使人精疲力竭,我們不得不不時地停下來吃點點心。選項D符合句意。

12.【答案】B【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨認的”;radical“激進的,根本的,徹底的”;medieval“中世紀的,老式的,原始的”;laden“負載的,裝滿的”。句意:理論和實踐之間有著根本的區(qū)別。選項B符合句意。

13.【答案】D【解析】動詞詞詞義辨析。句意：我想借此機會向東道主表示衷心的感謝。選項D符合句意。

14.【答案】C【解析】動詞詞義辨析。depart“離開，出發(fā)”;abandon“放棄，遺棄”;vacate“空出，騰出”;displace“取代，轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意:旅館的房間必須在中午前空出來，但行李可以交給行李搬運工。選項C符合句意。

15.【答案】C【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。obscure“使模糊不清,掩蓋”;mystify“使迷惑,使困惑”;jeopardize“危及,危害,使陷危地”;distinguish“區(qū)分,辨別,使杰出”。句意:參議員承認他支持這次行動會影響他再次獲選的機會。選項C符合語境。

16.【答案】C【解析】動詞詞性及搭配。句意：一個好老師必須知道如何把他的想法傳