2023年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Fallingsalesandrisingoverheadshaveobligedthecompanytorevieweachcustomer’s（

）limit.問題1選項A.creditB.currencyC.checkD.certificate2.單選題Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.問題1選項A.annoyanceB.resentmentC.offenceD.irritation3.單選題Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan（

）thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.問題1選項A.dealwithB.takeonC.seekoutD.escapefrom4.單選題Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（癡呆）inoldage.Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（癡呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨煉）bytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.1.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin（

）.2.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat（

）.

3.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?4.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?問題1選項A.itspracticaladvantagesB.perceivedlanguagefluencyC.itsroleincognitionD.itsroleinmedicine問題2選項A.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscoveredB.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresultsC.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimalD.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages問題3選項A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.問題4選項A.AnabilitytoignoredistractionsB.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.問題5選項A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.B.Interferenceandsuppression.C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter5.單選題Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery（

）.問題1選項A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy6.單選題AthighnoonlastOctober1st,thecitizensofEcuador（厄瓜多爾）didsomethingthey’dneverdreamedpossible:theysynchronized（同步）theirwatches.Indoingso,theyembarkedonanationalcampaignagainstlateness.Aspecialgrouporganizedthiscampaign.ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.Anyway,thePresidentagreedtovowtoparticipate.Hisspokesman,goingontelevisiontoannouncethisvow,arrivedatthestudio,needlesstosay,severalminuteslate.Suchacampaignmaybescornedorlaughedat,becauseitseemsnotseriousandevennonsense,withoutanypracticalmeaning,butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear―hardlysmallchangeinacountrywithagrossdomesticproductofjusttwenty-fourbilliondollars.Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.It’saloteasiertodothiswhenpeoplearewherethey’resupposedtobewhenthey’resupposedtobethere.Thisisespeciallytrueinlightofrecentinnovationssuchasjust-in-timemanufacturing.Dellcomputer’ssuppliershavetobeabletodeliverpartstoDell’sfactorieswithinninetyminutes.Underthoseconditions,“I’llgettoitlater”won’tdo.InsomepunctualcountrieslikeJapan,pedestrianswalkfast,businesstransactionstakeplacequickly,andbankclocksarealwaysaccurate.Inlesspunctualplaces,suchasIndonesia,pedestriansamble,workersidle,andbankclocksareusuallywrong.Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.Cantheydoit?Thereareobviousobstacles.Tardinesscanbequitepleasant,especiallywhenit’swhatyou’veaccustomedto.Thereisalsothetrickyquestionofclass.Latenesscanbeawayfortherichandpowerfultoassertthemselves,toshowhowmuchmorevaluabletheirtimeis.InEcuador,membersofthemilitaryandthegovernmentarethemostnotoriousoffenders,andbusinessmenarefarmorelikelytoshowuplatethanblue-collarworkersare.There’snopointingettingtoameetingontimeifnooneisgoingtobethere.Tardinessfeedsonitself,creatingaviciouscycle.1.ItisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthepresidentofEcuador（

）.2.Theword“pay”hasthesamemeaningin“punctualitypays”asin（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEcuadorpeopleiscorrect?4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.問題1選項A.agreedtogoontelevisiontoannouncehisvowtoparticipateB.waswell-knownforhispunctualityC.hadahabitofbeinglateinhislifeandworkD.wastryingtorevolutionizethewatchesinhiscountry問題2選項A.“Itpaystogetsomeprofessionaladvicebeforeyoumakeadecision”B.“Hedidn’tpayanyattentiontowhatIsaid”C.“Mymotherpaysformydrivinglessons”D.“Idecidedtopaymyfriendsavisit”問題3選項A.Theyusedtobepunctualwhentheyaregoingtowork.B.Theylovetheirpresidentforhisbeingunpunctual.C.Theystartedtorealizethevitalityoftime.D.Theyhavebeenunaccustomedtothetardinessoftheirbank.問題4選項A.EcuadoriansaretryingtomakeanadvertisementfortheirwatchesbyanationalcampaignagainstlatenessB.bankclocksinlesspunctualplacesareusuallywrongbecausetheirclocksarebackwardC.moderneconomytriestocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeopletopromoteefficiencyD.Ecuadorianswillremaintheirwayoflife7.單選題Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（

）toexpressedthoughts.問題1選項A.countenancesB.dilemmasC.concessionsD.junctions8.單選題China’s（

）culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.問題1選項A.indivisibleB.intelligibleC.intangibleD.inalienable9.單選題Neitherofthetwoparties（

）abletosolvetheproblemsofthepoor.問題1選項A.areB.isC.havebeenD.willhavebeen10.單選題Theprotestswerepartoftheir（

）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.問題1選項A.commissionB.campaignC.commitmentD.convention11.單選題Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.問題1選項A.warrantyB.licenseC.marketD.necessity12.單選題Itisrather（

）thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.問題1選項A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding13.單選題Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.問題1選項A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain14.單選題Beingimpatientis（

）withbeingagoodteacher.問題1選項A.intrinsicB.ingeniousC.incompatibleD.inherent15.單選題Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.問題1選項A.stretchingB.spreadingC.extendingD.squeezing16.單選題IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI（

）.問題1選項A.finishwhatIdidB.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoingC.finishedwhatIdidD.finishedwhatIwasdoing17.翻譯題ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,orcommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor.”Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.18.單選題Plasticheartvalvesandotherhuman“spareparts”have（

）possiblemanyrecentdevelopmentsinsurgery.問題1選項A.madeitB.beenmadeC.madeD.become19.單選題Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty（

）tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.問題1選項A.thatispossibleB.whetheritispossibleC.thatitispossibleD.aboutwhatispossible20.單選題Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.問題1選項A.shallknowB.hasknownC.shouldn’tknowD.shouldhaveknown21.單選題WhenPrivacyInternational,ahumanrightswatchdoggroup,startedsearchingforthefavoritesforitsannualawardfor“mostinvasivecompany,”threenomineeswerejudgedaspotentiallyeligibleforatrophyfeaturingalace-upshoecrushingahead.FollowUs,anewmobilephonetrackingcompanyinBritain,didn’tgettheboot,butitwassingledoutasarunner-upbecauseitisinthevanguardofemergingcompaniesthatpermitacuriousbosstotrackwanderingworkersinthefieldbystandardcellphonesandcomputers.Thefear,saysSimonDavies,ofPrivacyInternational,isthattelephonetrackingcouldposeamajorprivacyissueforthefutureastechnologyadvances.Thenumberofmobileemployeeswhoworkoutsidetheofficeisrisingsteadilyandisexpectedtoreachalmost100millioninEuropeby2007.Soit’snosurprisethatprivacyadvocatesandsomeunionsarewarythatthenewtoolscouldbeusedasthedigitalequivalentofroamingsweatshops,withemployeesunderconstantwatch.Inthe18monthssinceFollowUswascreated,thecompanyhassolditsservicestomorethan20,000users,mostlymanagersofsmallbusinesseswhoarelookingforinexpensivealternativestotheGlobalPositionalSystem,accordingtoKevinBrown,thecompany’soperationsdirector.ButBrownsaid:“Itisnotallaboutkeepinganeyeonpeople.Therearebenefits.Weknowofonecasewherealogisticscompanyimplementedthesolutionafteroneoftheirdriversdiedinhislorryafterhavingaheartattackwhileparkedasleep.Ittookthemtwodaystofindandrecovertheguy.”FollowUsisalreadylayinggroundworktoexpandtoGermany,theNetherlandsandItaly,whereBrownsaidlocalregulationsweremorereceptivethaninFrance,whichinterpretsEuropeanUnionprivacyrulesmorestrictly.Brownsaidthatemployeesmustconsenttobetrackedafterreceivingatelephonetextmessage.Davies,ofPrivacyInternational,takesadimviewofsuchconsent.“It’sabitliketheofferyoucan'trefuse,”hesaid.“It’sagodfathersituation,where,inordertogainemployment,youhavetoacceptunfavorableconditions.”Headvisescompaniestousethetechniqueswithcautionandcandor.“Theruleofthumb，”hesaid,“istomakepeoplewanttouseit,givethemareasonforitandrespectthem.”1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofFollowUs?2.ComparedwithGlobalPositioningSystem,FollowUsServices（

）.3.Theexampleofadriverwhodiedinhislorryemphasizesthe（

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ofFollowUsservices.4.Daviesbelievesthattherequirementforemployeeconsent（

）.

5.Themainideaofthepassagemaybesummarizedas（

）.問題1選項A.Itisoneofthefirstcompaniesthatprovidetrackingservices.B.Ithascausedconsiderableconcernfromhumanrightsgroups.C.Itischosenasthe“mostinvasivecompany”byPrivacyInternational.D.Ithasdevelopedanewtechnologytotrackworkersbymobilephone.問題2選項A.causemoreprivacyproblemB.costemployerslessmoneyC.boastgreateraccuracyD.takelesspeopletooperate問題3選項A.inconvenienceB.problemC.effectivenessD.necessity問題4選項A.mayprotectprivacytoalimitedextentB.cannotbeeffectivelyimplementedinrealityC.shouldbeusedwithcautionD.isnotcompatiblewithcompanyrules問題5選項A.FollowUs—ANewServicewithProblemsB.FollowUs—RapidSpreadinEuropeC.FollowUs―LatestFashioninTechD.FollowUs—CrossandBenefits22.單選題Iwish（

）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.問題1選項A.IwentB.IhadgoneC.togoD.tohavegone23.單選題AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.問題1選項A.gaveawaytoB.gavewaytoC.goawaytoD.livedupto24.單選題Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan（

）andorderlyfashion.問題1選項A.incredibleB.internalC.intricateD.initial25.單選題Thechildrenhaveamore（

）view,onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork.問題1選項A.pragmaticB.drearyC.maritalD.dominant第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項credit“借貸，貸款，信譽(yù)”；B選項currency“貨幣”；C選項check“支票”；D選項certificate“證明，證明書”。根據(jù)limit（限制，限額）可知A選項符合語境。句意：銷量下降和管理費用上升迫使公司審查每個客戶的信貸限額。2.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項annoyance“惱怒，生氣，煩惱”；B選項resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；C選項offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D選項irritation“生氣，氣惱”。只有offence可用于短語takeoffenceatsth.表示“對……生氣”。句意：記者和攝影師們都對那位演員在采訪過程中的粗魯表現(xiàn)感到不滿。3.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項dealwith“涉及，處理”；B選項takeon“呈現(xiàn)，顯出（新面貌或新特點）”；C選項seekout“搜出，找出”；D選項escapefrom“逃脫”。從句“thatcan______thecolorofitssurroundings”中的空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，其賓語為color，故B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：變色龍是一種爬行動物，它可以呈現(xiàn)周圍環(huán)境的顏色，因此不容易被看見。4.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.（事實證明，雙語能讓你更聰明。它可以對你的大腦產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，提高與語言無關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力，甚至可以在老年時抵御癡呆癥）可知C選項“它在認(rèn)知中的作用”符合題意。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞interference定位到文章第三段中，由Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.（但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種干擾與其說是一種障礙，不如說是一種偽裝的祝福。它迫使大腦解決內(nèi)部沖突，給大腦一個加強(qiáng)認(rèn)知肌肉的鍛煉）可知B選項“它帶來意外的有利結(jié)果”符合題意。3.推理判斷題。文章第三段介紹干擾雖然存在，但能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，第四段介紹研究表明雙語經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能，接著又詳細(xì)說明大腦的工作流程來證明上面的觀點。故第四段進(jìn)一步說明第三段的內(nèi)容，因此D選項“它進(jìn)一步說明了第三段的觀點”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞non-inhibitiontasks定位到文章第五段中，由Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition（但這種解釋似乎越來越不充分，因為研究表明，即使在不需要抑制的任務(wù)中，雙語者的表現(xiàn)也比單語者好）和第六段中的Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.（雙語者和單語者之間的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別可能更為基本：提高了監(jiān)控環(huán)境的能力）可知B選項“監(jiān)測環(huán)境的能力”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出雙語者更聰明，尾段提出雙語經(jīng)驗對學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的有利影響，中間內(nèi)容解釋了雙語干擾帶來能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，雙語經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能。因此D選項“雙語者更聰明的原因”符合題意。5.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項waxy“蠟制的，似蠟的，質(zhì)地光滑的”；B選項sticky“粘性的”；C選項slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D選項greasy“多油的，油污的，油膩的”。由“Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit，youoftengetvery___（如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會____）”可知D選項符合語境。句意：如果你在車底下修理汽車，你通常會弄得滿身油污。6.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:C第4題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.（該團(tuán)體邀請總統(tǒng)加入，但實際上，總統(tǒng)的不守時是臭名昭著的）可知C選項“在他的生活和工作中有遲到的習(xí)慣”符合題意。2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pay定位到文章第二段的butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear（但它來自一個基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)事實：守時支付。根據(jù)一項研究，長期遲到給厄瓜多爾每年造成25億美元的損失）可知punctualitypays中的pay表示“支付，付費”。A選項中的pay表示“值得”；B選項中的payattentionto表示“注意”；C選項中的payfor表示“為……支付”；D選項中的payavisit表示“探望，拜訪，參觀”。因此本題的正確答案為C。3.推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.（換句話說，厄瓜多爾人正試圖徹底改變他們的生活和工作方式）可知C選項“他們開始意識到時間的重要性”符合題意。4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.（現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本挑戰(zhàn)是協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)百萬獨立人民的行動，以便盡可能有效地生產(chǎn)商品和提供服務(wù)）可知C選項“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)努力協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)以百萬計的獨立者的行動，以提高效率”符合題意。7.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項countenance“面容，面部表情”；B選項dilemma“（進(jìn)退兩難的）窘境，困境”；C選項concession“讓步，遷就”；D選項junction“連接，接合”。由eyes可知A選項符合語境，指眼睛和面部表情的反應(yīng)。句意：通過注意他們的眼睛和面部表情表達(dá)思想的即時和短暫的反應(yīng)，我們可以更好地理解他人。8.【答案】C【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項indivisible“分不開的，不可分割的”；B選項intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C選項intangible“難以形容（或理解）的，無形的（指沒有實體存在的資本性資產(chǎn)）”；D選項inalienable“不可剝奪（或分割）的”。由culturalheritage（文化遺產(chǎn)）及語境可知選C。句意：中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)該通過加大努力保護(hù)瀕危藝術(shù)而得到更好的保護(hù)。9.【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致。neitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。此處表示兩個政黨中沒有哪一個能解決窮人的問題，此處是對客觀事實的表述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，因此選B。句意：這兩個政黨都不能解決窮人的問題。10.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項commission“委員會，傭金，回扣”；B選項campaign“活動，運(yùn)動（為社會、商業(yè)或政治目的而進(jìn)行的一系列有計劃的活動），戰(zhàn)役”；C選項commitment“承諾，許諾”；D選項convention“慣例，大會，協(xié)定”。由againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopment（反對提議建設(shè)開發(fā)）可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：這些抗議是他們反對該地區(qū)擬議建設(shè)開發(fā)活動的一部分。11.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項warranty“（商品）保用單”；B選項license“執(zhí)照，許可證”；C選項market“市場，交易”；D選項necessity“必然，必要”。根據(jù)repairorreplacement（修理或更換）可知A選項符合語境。句意：我公司在本保證項下的義務(wù)僅限于修理或更換。12.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”；B選項boring“無聊的，無趣的”；C選項embarrassing“使人尷尬的，令人為難的”；D選項demanding“要求高的，要求極嚴(yán)的”。句中的it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday（我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種）”可知C選項符合語境。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種，這是相當(dāng)令人尷尬的。13.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項delete“刪除”；B選項repel“抗拒，抵御”；C選項compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；D選項constrain“強(qiáng)迫，限制，約束”。根據(jù)賓語heatandmoisture（熱和潮濕）可知B選項符合邏輯。句意：這種材料能抵御熱和潮濕。14.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項intrinsic“固有的，內(nèi)在的，本身的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物本身的特性，多用于術(shù)語；B選項ingenious“精巧的，心靈手巧的”；C選項incompatible“（與某事物）不一致，不相配，（與某人）合不來”；D選項inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”，有繼承而來的，傳下來的這種內(nèi)在和固定，多用于一般詞語。由impatient（沒有耐心的）可知C選項符合語境。句意：沒有耐心是不可能成為一名好老師的。15.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stretch“拉長，撐大，伸展”，指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長，側(cè)重“形狀的變化”.；B選項spread“伸開”，指建筑，道路和時間等的延伸；C選項extend“延伸”，指在空間或時間上延伸，一般有一個大致的延伸方向；D選項squeeze“擠壓”。根據(jù)gloves（手套）可知此處表示手套太小了，只有把它們撐大才能戴上，因此選A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它們伸展開來，我才能戴上。16.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)?！癮ssoonas”引導(dǎo)的為時間狀語從句，由主句的謂語動詞decide可知主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句也用現(xiàn)在時，因此選A。句意：我決定一完成我所做的事情就去看電影。17.【答案】大多數(shù)社會的共識來自于悠久的歷史、一種完全屬于自己的語言、一個共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他們賴以生存的神話就是建立在所有這些基礎(chǔ)之上的。但是美國是一個移民國家，其移民來自許多不同的國家。最近，有人強(qiáng)調(diào)，孤僻和自戀已經(jīng)成為美國人的性格特征，正是這種性格導(dǎo)致了幸福感的缺乏，因為它阻止了我們達(dá)成共識，有了共識人們才不會再退縮到自我的小天地中。在這項關(guān)于自戀的研究中，克里斯托弗?拉什認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人“受到自我意識的折磨，其解決辦法不是從個人煩惱中解脫出來，而是在生活中找到意義和目的，并找到一生追求的東西?！庇捎趪袷繗庀陆担藗兤毡楦械讲话?，我們也失去了早先對國家遠(yuǎn)景和目標(biāo)的認(rèn)識。18.【答案】C【解析】考查語態(tài)。句子的主語為Plasticheartvalvesandotherhuman“spareparts”（塑料心臟瓣膜和其他人體器官“零件”），賓語為manyrecentdevelopments（最近許多的發(fā)展），主語與賓語之間為主動關(guān)系，故排除B選項。句子的賓語在possible后面不需要形式賓語，故排除A選項。havebecomepossible表示“……成為可能”，havemadepossible表示“使……成為可能”，根據(jù)句意可知C選項符合語境。句意：塑料心