2023年考研考博-考博英語-中央美術(shù)學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-中央美術(shù)學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Thewingsofthebirdstill（）afterithadbeenshotdown.問題1選項A.slappedB.scratchedC.flappedD.fluctuated2.單選題Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe“l(fā)ook-say”or“whole-word”methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively.Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningletters,thinkingoverdecoding,developingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeself-directed,“l(fā)earninghowtolearn”activitiesrecommendedbyadvocates（倡導(dǎo)者）of“open”classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963,nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese“Run-Spot-Run”readers.However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled“thegreatdebate”inbeginningreading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan’tRead,Fleschindicted（控訴）thenation’spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthelook-saymethod.Hesaid--andmorescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed_thatanotherapproachtobeginningreading,foundedonphonics（語音學(xué)）,isfarsuperior.Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords.Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.1.Theauthorfeelsthatcountingoneducatorstoteachreadingcorrectlyis（）.2.Theauthorindictsthelook-sayreadingapproachbecause（）.3.Onemajordifferencebetweenthelook-saymethodoflearningreadingandthephonicsmethodis（）.4.Thephrase“touch-off”（Para3）mostprobablymeans（）.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?問題1選項A.onlylogicalandnaturalB.theexpectedpositionC.probablyamistakeD.merelyeffectiveinstruction問題2選項A.itoverlooksdecodingB.RudolfFleschagreeswithitC.hesaysitisboringD.manyschoolscontinuetousethismethod問題3選項A.look-sayissimplerB.PhonicstakeslongertolearnC.look-sayiseasiertoteachD.phonicsgivesreadersaccesstofarmorewords問題4選項A.talkaboutshortlyB.startorcauseC.comparewithD.oppose問題5選項A.Phonicsapproachregardswhole-wordmethodasunimportant.B.Thewhole-wordapproachemphasizesdecoding.C.Inphonicsapproach,itisnecessaryandlogicaltoemploydecoding.D.Phonicsissuperiorbecauseitstressesthemeaningofwordsthusthevastmajorityofmostcommonwordscanbelearned.3.單選題Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary（）toomuchworklastweek.問題1選項A.taketoB.takeoutC.takeawayD.takeon4.單選題Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（）.問題1選項A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility5.單選題Onlyonceinawhile（）anovellikethat.問題1選項A.theloverofbookscomesaboutB.theloverofbookscomesacrossC.doestheloverofbookscomeacrossD.doestheloverofbookscome6.單選題People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.問題1選項A.laidoffB.laidonC.laidasideD.laidback7.單選題Theyboughtthelandwitha（）tobuildanewofficeblock.問題1選項A.purposeB.viewC.goalD.reason8.單選題IknowJamquitewellandneverdoubt（）hecandoagoodjobofit.問題1選項A.whetherB.whenC.thatD.what9.單選題（）energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.問題1選項A.AccumulatedB.GatheredC.AssembledD.Collected10.單選題Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.問題1選項A.rangeB.levelC.extentD.quantity11.單選題Inspiteofyourlivingsofarawaywebothhopeverymuch（）.問題1選項A.yourcomingB.youtocomeC.thatyoucameD.thatyoucome12.單選題Hishandshookalittleashe（）thekeyinthelock.

問題1選項A.squeezedB.insertedC.stuffedD.pierced13.單選題Hisstomachbeganto（）becauseofthebadfoodhehadeaten.問題1選項A.painB.harmC.behurtD.ache14.單選題ThepolicestoppedmetheotherdayasIwasdrivinghome,becauseIwas（）thespeedlimit.問題1選項A.transcendingB.exceedingC.surpassingD.overtaking15.單選題Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.問題1選項A.proneB.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible16.單選題Thegirlwas（）Juliaafterhergrandmother.問題1選項A.appointedB.namedC.nominatedD.elected17.單選題It'sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.問題1選項A.acquireB.obtainC.deriveD.result18.單選題Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate（從屬的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto（）.2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto（）.3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris（）.4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner（）.問題1選項A.bejustpartoftheirnatureB.worseninmodernsocietyC.occurwhentheygowildD.presentathreattothecommunity問題2選項A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricksB.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthorityC.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehaviorD.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior問題3選項A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblemsB.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasksC.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricksD.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining問題4選項A.ToavoidbeingpunishedB.ToshowtheiraffectionfortheirmastersC.TowinleadershipofthedogpackD.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey問題5選項A.cangivethedogmorerewardsB.willenjoyabetterfamilylifeC.cangivethedogmorefreedomD.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself19.單選題Sheopenedthepacketandemptiedthe（）intoasaucepan.問題1選項A.fullnessB.containerC.refillsD.contents20.單選題Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely（）toit.問題1選項A.addictedB.absorbedC.involvedD.interested21.單選題Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.問題1選項A.privilegesB.possibilitiesC.possessionsD.preferences22.單選題Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（）thetraffic.問題1選項A.setbackB.stoodbackC.heldupD.keptdown23.單選題Canyoufind（）atthehotelforthenight?問題1選項A.lodgingsB.accommodationsC.placesD.houses24.單選題Whenyouarecamping,therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe（）.問題1選項A.putupwithB.caughtupwithC.comeupwithD.keptupwith25.單選題Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofourmind.問題1選項A.stateB.caseC.situationD.circumstance第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。slap“掌擊，拍掌”；scratch“刮，抓”；flap“拍打”；fluctuate“波動”。句意：這只鳥在被擊倒之后，它的翅膀仍然在拍打。A項符合題意。2.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.但是依賴教育者來正確地完成這項任務(wù)可能是一個巨大的錯誤?！笨芍狢項正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningletters,thinkingoverdecoding,整字閱讀法強調(diào)單詞的意義而不是字母的意義，思考而不是解碼”可知A項正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.它提供了一套密碼，通過這套密碼，絕大多數(shù)英語中最常見的單詞的發(fā)音都可以被學(xué)習(xí)，而不是建立一個記憶單詞的相對有限的詞匯?！笨芍Z音學(xué)讓學(xué)生學(xué)會發(fā)音的單詞更多。故D項正確。4.詞義題。由第三段“However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled“thegreatdebate”inbeginningreading.然而，在1955年，魯?shù)婪?弗萊什在開始閱讀時引發(fā)了所謂的“大辯論”?！边x項中只有B項符合題意。5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.語音并沒有貶低思考單詞和句子意義的重要性;它只是認(rèn)識到解碼是邏輯和必要的第一步?！笨芍Z音學(xué)習(xí)法認(rèn)為解碼是邏輯和必要的第一步。故C項正確。3.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。taketo“走向，開始從事”；takeout“取出，去掉”；takeaway“帶走，拿走”；takeon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)”。句意：上周，主席因讓他的秘書承擔(dān)很多工作而受到責(zé)備。D項符合題意。4.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。capacity“能力，容量”；strength“力量，力氣”；length“長度”；possibility“可能性”。句意：不出去工作的家庭主婦感到?jīng)]有充分發(fā)揮自己的能力。A項符合題意。5.【答案】C【解析】考查倒裝。Only位于句首，句子需要倒裝，由此可首先排除選項A和選項B；再根據(jù)句意：愛書的人只有偶爾才會遇到這樣的小說。comeacross意為“偶遇，無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”，選項C符合語境。6.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項layoff“解雇，休息”；B選項layon“安裝，提供”；C選項layaside“擱置，儲蓄，留存”；D選項layback“躺下休息”。根據(jù)句意“被解雇（下崗）的人們將得到幫助，直到他們找到新的工作?！边x項A符合句意。7.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。purpose“目的”；view“觀點”；goal“目標(biāo)”；reason“理由”。句意：他們買那塊地想建一棟新辦公樓。A項符合題意。8.【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。doubt后面一般接that從句，意為“懷疑某事”。句意：我很了解Jam，他一定能把這件事做得很好。這里是說我從不懷疑，也就是相信他能做好這件事，所以選項C正確。9.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accumulated“累積的”；gathered“聚集的”;assembled“組合的，安裝的”；collected“收成全集的，合訂的”。句意：地下累計的能量一定會以某一種形式釋放，比如地震。A項符合題意。10.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常強調(diào)變化的差異性和職權(quán)等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長度”；quantity“數(shù)量”。句意：這家報紙沒有提到由于火災(zāi)所造成的損害程度。C項符合題意。11.【答案】D【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。hope后面一般不接賓語sb.，而是直接接todosth.或that從句，由此可首先排除選項A和選項B；再根據(jù)句意“盡管你住得很遠(yuǎn)，但我們都希望你能來”。這里使用一般現(xiàn)在時即可，不用過去時，所以選項D正確。12.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。squeeze“擠，緊握”；insert“插入”；stuff“塞滿”；pierce“穿孔”。句意：當(dāng)他將鑰匙插入鎖時，他的手微微抖了一下。B項符合題意。13.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項pain“疼痛，痛苦”；B選項harm“傷害，損害”；C選項behurt“受傷”；D選項ache“（身體某個部位）疼痛”。句意：因為吃了變質(zhì)的食物，他的胃開始疼了。表示身體某個部分疼痛用ache，所以選項D正確。14.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項transcend“勝過，超越”；B選項exceed“超過，勝過”；C選項surpass“超越，優(yōu)于”；D選項overtake“趕上，壓倒”。四個選項都有“超過，勝過”的意思，但表示超速只能用exceed。根據(jù)句意“那天我開車回家的時候被警察攔住了，因為我超速了?！彼赃x項B正確。15.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進(jìn)入的”。句意：醫(yī)生對于運用激光給心臟病人做手術(shù)很感興趣。A項符合題意。16.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。benamedafter以…的名字命名，和…的名字一樣。句意：這個女孩以她祖母的名字命名為茱莉亞。選項B正確。17.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。derivefrom“源于，來自”；resultfrom“由…造成”；句意：許多受歡迎的短語實際上來自圣經(jīng)。C項正確。18.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居動物，如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練，它們會表現(xiàn)得像野生動物一樣。”可知狗的行為問題是由其本性決定的。故A項正確。2.推理判斷題。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治療行為問題的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會教狗把它的正常行為改成在家庭環(huán)境中可以接受的發(fā)泄。服從訓(xùn)練并不能解決所有的行為問題，但它是解決任何問題的基礎(chǔ)?？芍挠?xùn)練的主要目的是為狗的野蠻行為提供發(fā)泄的途徑。C項正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段最后一句“Effect