2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國科學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國科學(xué)院考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.Thecoreoftheproblemisthejobmarket.TheMLAreportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that’swildlyoptimistic:theMLAgottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblistwiththenumberofnewgraduates.Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.Differentpeoplewilltellyoudifferentstoriesaboutwhereallthejobswent.Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird—thatundergrads,turnedoffbyanoverlytheoreticalapproach,don’twanttoparticipateanymore,andthatteachingopportunitieshavedisappearedasaresult.Otherspointtothecorporatizationofuniversities,whichareincreasinglyinclinedtohirepart-time,“adjunct”professors,ratherthanfull-time,tenure-trackprofessors,toteachundergrads.Adjunctsarecheaper；perhapsmoreimportantly,theyareeasiertohire.Thesetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly,bulkinguponprofessorsandgraduateprograms.Whentheboomendedandenrollmentsdeclined,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswereseekingoutnewconstituencies—amongthem,womenandminorities—andcreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents.Thosereformsworked:abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowastheydidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.1.Whatdoestheword“appreciate”meaninParagraph1?2.WhathasmadePh.D.programsunpopular?3.TheMLAreportabouttheemploymentrateistoooptimisticbecauseit（

）.4.Universityjobopeningsarediminishingduetothefactthat（

）.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,theAmericaneducationalinstitutions（

）overthepastdecades.

6.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhatcurrentliberalartsmajors（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Enjoy.B.Overlook.C.Investigate.D.Understand.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Theynolongersaveyourtime.B.Theycannotguaranteeasecurejob.C.Theyarecompetitiveandtime-consuming.D.Theyarenotsubsidizedbythegovernment.問題3選項(xiàng)A.overestimatesthejobmarketB.failstoaccountforformergraduatesC.doesnotincludeallkindsofjobsD.excludesnewly-graduatedPh.D.s問題4選項(xiàng)A.thescaleofuniversitiesisshrinkingB.adjunctprofessorsarelikelytotakefull-timejobsC.fewerundergraduateswanttomajorinhumanitiesD.sometheoreticalapproacheshavebeenprovenwrong問題5選項(xiàng)A.haveresultedintenure-trackprofessorsB.haveattractedmoremaleandelitestudentsC.havebeenexpandingtooverseascountriesD.havebeguntoofferavarietyofvocationalprograms問題6選項(xiàng)A.aremoredesirablethaneverbeforeB.willcatertomiddle-classstudentsC.arelessappealingthanbusinessmajorsD.areascompetitiveasbusinessmajors2.單選題Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,workbeganonacrucialsectionoftherailwaylineconnectingBostontotheHudsonRiver.Theadditionwould（1）fromGreenfield,Massachusetts,toTroy,NewYork,anditrequiredtunnelling（2）HoosacMountain,a（3）impediment,nearlyfivemilesthick,thatblockedthe（4）betweentheDeerfieldValleyandatributaryoftheHudson.JamesHayward,oneofNewEngland’sleadingrailroadengineers,estimatedthatpenetratingtheHoosacwouldcost,（5），averymanageabletwomilliondollars.ThepresidentofAmherstCollege，（6）geologist，saidthatthemountainwascomposedofsoftrockand（7）tunnellingwouldbefairlyeasy（8）theengineershadbreachedthesurface.“TheHoosacisbelievedtobetheonlybarrierbetweenBostonandthePacific，”theproject’spromoter,AlvahCrocker,（9）.Everyonewaswrong.DiggingthroughtheHoosacturnedouttobea（10）Theprojectcostmorethantentimesthebudgeted（11）Ifthepeopleinvolved（12）thetruenatureofthechallengestheyfaced，theywouldneverhavefundedtheTroy-Greenfieldrailroad.（13），hadtheynot，thefactoriesofnorthwesternMassachusettswouldn’thavebeenabletoshiptheirgoodssoeasilytotheexpandingWest,the（14）offreightwouldhaveremainedstubbornlyhigh,andthestateofMassachusettswouldhavebeen（15）poorer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.spreadB.runC.deriveD.range問題2選項(xiàng)A.beyondB.overC.aroundD.through問題3選項(xiàng)A.miraculousB.massiveC.redundantD.collective問題4選項(xiàng)A.frameworkB.partitionC.interactionD.passage問題5選項(xiàng)A.atpresentB.atleastC.atmostD.inparticular問題6選項(xiàng)A.anidealB.afulfilledC.adelightedD.anaccomplished問題7選項(xiàng)A.thatB.whetherC.howD.where問題8選項(xiàng)A.onceB.whileC.sinceD.lest問題9選項(xiàng)A.declinedB.detectedC.declaredD.denied問題10選項(xiàng)A.fantasyB.possibilityC.nightmareD.feat問題11選項(xiàng)A.estimateB.financeC.operationD.clearance問題12選項(xiàng)A.haveknownB.hadknownC.wouldknowD.knew問題13選項(xiàng)A.AndB.OrC.ButD.Thus問題14選項(xiàng)A.storageB.maintenanceC.deliveryD.cost問題15選項(xiàng)A.incurablyB.immeasurablyC.impossiblyD.immediately3.單選題Ifgenderconflictscontinueattheircurrentrate,mypartnergloomilyobserved,menmayfadeintoextinctionandwomenwillmanagefinewithoutthem.Whatwithtest-tubebabies,cloning,afallingbirth-rate,have-it-allcareerwomenprevailinglikeneverbefore,itseemsasifold-fashioned,instinct-drivensexualselectionwastotallyoutoffashion.ButastudyfromfourBritishuniversitiessuggestsitisaliveandwell,andbusyshapingthenextgeneration.Inspiteofemancipation,thefeministmovement,genderequality,consistenteffortstoavoidgender-stereotyping,menstillprefertomarrywomenwhoarenottoobrainy.InthestudyahighIQhamperedawoman’schanceofgettingmarried,witha40percentdropinmaritalprospectsforevery16-pointrise.Theoppositewastruefortheirmaleclassmates.Top-earningmenwere8percentmorelikelytobemarriedthantheirlow-earningpeers.Howinterestingthatweautomaticallyassumethatmenareputoffbyclevernessinwomen.Perhapsthebrainywomendidnotwanttogetmarried.Possiblytheycouldnotfindmencleverenoughtosatisfythem.Buttheseinterpretationshardlymeritmorethanapassingthoughtbecausethisstudysimplyreinforceswhatweknowtobebroadlytrue:thatmostwomendowantacommittedpartnerandthatmoststablemarriagesoccurinapowerrelation,withthemanbeingthecenter.Weusuallythinkofcompetitivenessasamaleactivity,andsoitismainly,whichisallthemorereasonforitcausingstressinamarriage.Ourancestrycertainlyincludedalongphasewhenthemalescompetedforthealpharole,inwhichthetopmaletookalltheadvantagesandmostofthegroupmatings.Mostmennursesecretdreamsofbeing“benign”dictators.Nomanlikeshiswifetoearnmorethanhedoes.Weseehowfragilearethemarriagesofthoseinwhichthefemalehasthewhiphandintheshapeoffame,success,andwealth.Incontrast,marriageswherethefemalestatusisobviouslyinferior,includingarrangedmarriages,thereisagreaterstability.Womenhavetoacceptthatcomingintoourownandachievingthefullpotentialofour(seeminglysuperior)capacitytouseeducationwillundoubtedlymakeusmoreinaccessibleaspartners.Morechoosy,andthereforelesssuccessful.1.The“test-tubebabies”andotherthingsarementionedinParagraph1toindicate（

）.2.Conventionalsexualselection（

）.

3.ThestatisticsinParagraph2illustratethat（

）.

4.Whatmightbethemeaningof“whiphand”inParagraph4?5.Howismarriagerelatedtopower,accordingtothestudy?6.Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.thedevelopmentofmedicaltechnologyB.theradicalchangesofourlifestyleC.thedecreasingbirthrateofhumansocietyD.theindependenceofthefemalegender問題2選項(xiàng)A.getsout-of-dateB.remainsactiveC.becomesextinctD.seemsprevalent問題3選項(xiàng)A.women’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareindirectproportionB.men’sIQandtheirmaritalprobabilityareininverseproportionC.womenprefertomarrymenwhoareveryintelligentD.menprefertomarrywomenwhoarelessintelligent問題4選項(xiàng)A.Control.B.Desire.C.Intelligence.D.Commitment.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Marriedmenandwomenallseekpowerovereachother.B.Apowerfulhusbandisthekeytothesuccessfulmarriage.C.Astablemarriagedependsonthepowerofthewife.D.Richmentendtoholdabsolutepowerovertheirwives.問題6選項(xiàng)A.SingleWomen’sSelf-reliance.B.RoadtoaSuccessfulMarriageC.WhyBrainyWomenStaySingle.D.StereotypesAboutMarriage.4.單選題Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.問題2選項(xiàng)A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonlyB.aperiodicdietwithalittlefoodC.acalorie-consistentdietD.adietlastingforfivedaysonly問題3選項(xiàng)A.Energysupplements.B.Sportdrinks.C.Meatandfish.D.Foodwithadditives.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Nicebodyshape.B.Psychologicalwell-being.C.Betterhealthinoldage.D.Goodrelationswithothers.問題5選項(xiàng)A.healthyteasB.populardietsC.fastfoodD.weight-reducingmedicines問題6選項(xiàng)A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?B.SayNotoStarvation.C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?5.單選題Otherskepticspointoutthatsuchapeacefulrisehasno（

）inhumanhistory.問題1選項(xiàng)A.referenceB.allusionC.inferenceD.precedent6.單選題Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause（）.2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”（）.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerismB.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoodsC.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivityD.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods問題2選項(xiàng)A.Thepursuitofvanity.B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.D.Thefulfillmentofambition.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.D.Themoreonepossesses,thehigherpositionhewillhave.問題4選項(xiàng)A.meansmorepositivelynowB.hastotallydifferentmeaningnowC.hasbeenfullytakenadvantageofD.canembodyabetterself問題5選項(xiàng)A.Thefeelingthatforcesustopreventotherspossessingthegoods.B.Thefeelingthatmakesustrytoobtainthegoodsoftheother.C.Astrongdesireforwhatotherspossess.D.Anyoftheabove-mentionedfeelings.問題6選項(xiàng)A.moralizationB.competitivenessC.vanityD.passion7.單選題Theworkloadcanbeevenedout,insteadoftheshophavingbusytimesand（

）periods.問題1選項(xiàng)A.prosperousB.memorableC.discreteD.slack8.單選題Supposeyouarethereinthemuseum,withthehead-sizedsmartphonepermanentlypositionedinfrontofyournose.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinPsychologicalSciencethisweek,youaredoingitallwrong.Thattinycamerayouareusingtocarefully（1）yourartviewingexperienceisactually（2）

yourartmemory,notpreservingit.Thestudy,

（3）

byFairfieldUniversity’spsychologicalscientistLindaHenkel,claimsthatmuseumgoershaveworsememories

（4）

objectsandspecificobjectdetails

（5）

theyusedacameratorecordpaintings,archeologicalrelicsorhistoricalartifacts

（6）

.It’saphenomenonHenkelcallsthe“photo-takingimpairmenteffect”.“Whenpeople（7）

technologytorememberforthem一countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingto

（8）

toitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegative（9）

onhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplainsinadescriptionofthestudy.Toreachherconclusion,Henkel

（10）

anexperimentatBellarmineArtMuseumatFairfieldUniversity,（11）

sherecruitedundergraduatestudentsto

（12）

theinstituteandtakenoteofspecificobjectsondisplay.Thesubjectscouldeitherphotographtheitemsorjustobservethem—itwas

（13）

them.Thenthefollowingday,thestudents’memoriesweretested.Theresultsprovedthatthecamera-happyparticipants

（14）

worsethanthepersonswhoreliedontheirsimpleobservationskills.“Researchhassuggestedthatthesheer（15）

andlackoforganizationofdigitalphotosforpersonalmemoriesdiscouragesmanypeoplefromaccessingandreminiscingaboutthem,”Henkelstates.問題1選項(xiàng)A.describeB.memorizeC.documentD.present問題2選項(xiàng)A.impairingB.compilingC.activatingD.adapting問題3選項(xiàng)A.sponsoredB.conductedC.managedD.arranged問題4選項(xiàng)A.toB.inC.forD.by問題5選項(xiàng)A.whereB.whereasC.whenD.how問題6選項(xiàng)A.inadvanceB.inessenceC.athandD.ondisplay問題7選項(xiàng)A.relyonB.accountforC.layoutD.stickto問題8選項(xiàng)A.viewB.addC.benefitD.attend問題9選項(xiàng)A.suggestionB.impactC.inferenceD.feedback問題10選項(xiàng)A.setupB.putupC.madeupD.ranup問題11選項(xiàng)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.as問題12選項(xiàng)A.marchB.tourC.scanD.survey問題13選項(xiàng)A.justforB.farfromC.allaboutD.upto問題14選項(xiàng)A.struggledB.faredC.failedD.recited問題15選項(xiàng)A.volumeB.scaleC.shapeD.size9.單選題Wedoneedhelpfromothers,butwe’llnever________othersforsupport.問題1選項(xiàng)A.indulgeinB.engageinC.embarkonD.leanon10.單選題Thetermindustrialdesignwas________in1919bytheAmericanindustrialdesignerJosephSinel.問題1選項(xiàng)A.originatedB.coinedC.inspiredD.inserted11.翻譯題ThefirsteditionofThomasKuhn’sTheStructureofScientificRevolutionsappearedin1962.（1）Hisvisionrevolutionizedthewaywethinkaboutscience，andithasgivenusanewwaytolookatchangein“science”itself.

（2）

Whereaspreviousvisionsofsciencesawscienceasanaccumulationofallthathadbeenlearnedoverhistory,Kuhnenvisionedscienceashaving，atanyonetime,aworldview,or“paradigm(范式)”，ofitsenvironment.Kuhn(庫恩)postulatedthatmostscientistsengagein“normalscience”thatoftenresultsinsolid,butrelativelyincrementalgains,whichneverthelessaccumulateandcollectivelycontributetoresearchandsubsequentscientificknowledgeforward.Whenanomaliesarise,someindividual(s)step(s)outoftheparadigm,andpropose(s)anewprincipleorlaw.（3）Ifthescientificcommunityacceptstheproposedchange,thenscienceexperiencesa“paradigmshift”，andnewscienceproceedswiththatnewparadigm.Paradigmshiftsareimportant,andanecessarypartoflife.Thingsdochange,andwehavetoadjustandadapttothatchange.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,importantparadigmshiftsoftencomefromtheyoung.（4）Itusuallytakesalongtimetoeffectaparadigmshift—oftenasmuchas20-25years—which，perhapsnotsocoincidently，isaboutthelifeofageneration.（5）ArelativelyrecentwhitepaperemanatingfromMITjustifiablyarguesthattheintersectionsofarraysofscientists，engineers,mathematicians，aswellasindividualswithahostofmanyotherprofessionaltalents,willbethenextKuhnianscientificrevolutionandinfact，the“Third”biomedicalrevolution.ThisnewrevolutionisbroadlyknownasConvergence.12.單選題Somepartofhertriedtoconvincehertomake（）thedoor,butsheknewtheywouldexpectthat.問題1選項(xiàng)A.onB.toC.forD.up13.單選題It’swellknownthatthebrainisafood-guzzlinggreedyguts,consuming20%ofthebody’senergythoughitonly________2%ofitsweight.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accountsforB.contributestoC.figuresoutD.makesupfor14.單選題In2004andagainin2006,womentoldpollstersthattheconcernsthatmotivatedthemtodecidewhetherandforwhomtovotewerecenteredonnontraditional“Women’sissues”.Womenarenotsingle-issuevoters,either.（1）Inreality,women’svotingpatternsindicatequitetheopposite.Womenarenotmonolithicintheirattitudesabout,orvoteswithin,thepoliticalsystem.（2）.Intheend,womenvotersaskthemselvestwocorequestionswhendecidingwhomtosupportforpresident:“DoIlikethatperson?”and“Isthatpersonlikeme?”Thefirstquestionistheclassic“l(fā)ivingroom”test.Thesecondisamorecomplexinquirythatprobeswhetherwomenbelieveacandidatecarsabout,values,confronts,andfeatshesamethingstheydo.Partyloyaltytrumpsgender,asindicatedbyaJuly2007Newsweeksurvey,whichfoundthat88percentofmenand85percentofwomensaythatiftheirpartynominatedawomancandidatethattheywouldvoteforherifshewerequalifiedforthejob.（3）:Only60percentofmenand56percentofwomenbelievethatthecountryisreadyforawomanpresident.Withregardtorace,votersarelesshesitanttovoteforaqualifiedAfrican-Americancandidateoftheirparty，as92percentofwhitesand93percentofnonwhitessaythattheywouldendorsesuchacandidate.（4）:Only59percentofwhitevotersand58percentofnonwhitevotersbelievethatthecountrywouldelectablackpresident.Whereasthecontestforpresidentisthemostwide-openindecades,onethingiscertain:（5）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovoteB.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomyC.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-AmericanpresidentD.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”，whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizensE.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOfficeF.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote問題2選項(xiàng)A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovoteB.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomyC.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-AmericanpresidentD.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”，whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizensE.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOfficeF.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote問題3選項(xiàng)A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovoteB.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomyC.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-AmericanpresidentD.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”，whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizensE.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOfficeF.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote問題4選項(xiàng)A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovoteB.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomyC.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-AmericanpresidentD.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”，whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizensE.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOfficeF.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote問題5選項(xiàng)A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutonei