新版mba聯(lián)考英語模擬真題

【經(jīng)典資料，ＷＯＲＤ文檔，可編輯修改】【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，ＷＯＲＤ文檔，可修改】全國MBA聯(lián)考英語真題lSectionIVocabulary(10points)

Directions：Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection．ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD．ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence．ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil．

1．Hiswifehasbeen_______alotofpressureonhimtochangehisjob．A．takingB．exertingC．givingD．pushing2．Itisestimatedthat，currently,about50，000speciesbecome_____everyyear．A．extinctB．instinctC．distinctD．intense3．Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability． A．scopeB．space C．capacityD．range4．Many_______willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation．A．probabilitiesB．realities C．necessitiesD．opportunities5．Afterhisuncledied，theyoungman_____thebeautifulestatewithwhichhechangedfromapoormantoawealthynoble．A．inhabitedB．inheritedC．inhibitedD．inhaled6．Themanageriscallingona______customertryingtotalkhimintosigningthecontract．A．prosperousB．preliminaryC．pessimisticD．prospective7．In1991，whilet11eeconomiesofindustrializedcountriesmetaneconomic_____，theeconomiesofdevelopingcountriesweregrowingveryfast．A．revivalB．repressionC．recessionD．recovery8．Thedestructionofthetwintowers_________shockandangerthroughouttheworld．A．summonedB．temptedCprovokedD．stumbled9．About20ofthepassengerswhowereinjuredinaplanecrasharesaidtobein_____condition．A．decisiveB．urgentC．vitalD．critical10．TheinteractionsbetweenChinaandtheUSwillsurelyhaveasignificant_______onpeaceandstabilityintheAsia—Pacificregionandtheworldasawhole．A．importanceB．impressionC．impactD．implication11．Thepoorcountriesareextremely_______tointernationaleconomicfluctuations-A．inclinedB．vulnerableC．a(chǎn)ttractedD．reduced12．Applicantsshouldnotethatallpositionsare——toAustraliancitizenshiprequirements．A．subjectB．subjectiveC．objectedD．objective13．Weaimtoensurethatallcandidatesaretreatedfairlyandthattheyhaveequal______toemploymentopportunities．A．entranceB．entryC．a(chǎn)ccessD．a(chǎn)dmission14．Successfullearningisnota(n)________activitybutconsistsoffourdistinctstagesinaspecificorderA．onlyB．soleC．mereD．single15．TheopportunitytoexploreandplayandtheencouragementtodosoCan________theperformanceofmanychildren．A．withholdB．preventC．enhanceD．justify16．Allherhardwork__________intheend，andshefinallypassedtheexam．A．showedoffB．paidoffC．1eftoffD．keptoff17．Inordertolivethekindoflifewewantandtobethepersonwewanttobe，wehavetodomorethanjust________withevents．A．putsupB．setupC．turnupD．makeup18．Theteamplayedhardbecausethechampionshipofthestatewas______.A．a(chǎn)thandB．a(chǎn)tstakeC．a(chǎn)tlargeD．a(chǎn)tbest19．Idon’tthinkyou'llchangehismind；oncehe’sdecidedonsosomethinghetendsto_____it.A．sticktoB．a(chǎn)bidebyC．complywithD．keepon20．Tomplacedthebanknotes，_________thechangeandreceipts，backinthedrawer．A.morethanB.butforC．thankstoD.alongwithSection1ICloze(10points)Directions：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage．therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil．Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory，rightDanaDenisisjust40yearsold，but21she’sworriedaboutwhatshecalls’myrollingmentalblackouts.””ItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout，”shesaysYoumay22abouttheselapses，callingthem”seniormoments”orblaming"earlyAlzheimer’s(老年癡呆癥)．”Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget，the23yourememberWell,sortof．Butastimegoesby,wetendtoblameage24problemsthatarenotnecessarilyage—related．

“Whenateenagercan’tfindherkeys，shethinksit'sbecauseshe’sdistractedordisorganized，”saysPaulGold．“A70-year-oldblamesher25．”Infact，the70-year-oldmayhavebeen26thingsfordecades．

Inhealthypeople，memorydoesn’tworsenas27asmanyofusthink．“Aswe28，thememorymechanismisn’t29，”sayspsychologistFergusCraik．”It’sjustinefficient．”

Thebrain’sprocessing30slowsdownovertheyears，thoughnooneknowsexactly31.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand32there’slessactivityinthebrain．But，cautionsBarryGordon，”It'snotclearthatlessactivityis33．Abeginningathleteiswinded（氣喘吁吁）moreeasilythana34athlete．Inthesameway,35thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask，itexpendslessenergyonit.”

Thereare36youcantaketocompensatefornormalslippageinyourmemorygears，thoughit37effort．MargaretSewellsays：”We’reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto38tokeepyourbrain39shape．It’slikehavingagoodbody．YouCan’tgotothegymonceayear40expecttostayintopform.”21．A.almostB.seldomC.already D.never22．A.jokeB.laughC.blameD.criticize23．A.muchB.littleC.moreD.less24．A.sinceB.forC.byD.because25．A.memoryB.mindC.troubleD.health26．A.disorganizingB.misplacingC.puttingD.finding27．A.swiftlyB.frequentlyC.timelyD.quickly28．A．matureB.advanceC.ageD.grow29．A.brokenB.poorC.perfectD.working30．A.patternB.timeC.spaceD.information31．A.whyB.howC.whatD.when32．A.sinceB.henceC.thatD.although33．A.irregularB.betterC.normalD.worse34．A.famousB.seniorC.popularD.trained35．A.asB.tillC.thoughD.yet36．A.stagesB.stepsC.advantagesD.purposes37．A.makesB.takesC.doesD.spends38．A.restB.comeC.workD.study39．A.toB.forC.onD.in40．A.soB.orC.andD.ifSectionⅢReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld’speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife.Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.AremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthatWhethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism（masteryoftwolanguages）.Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheresathome,amongfriends,incommunitysettingsandagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing（同化）forcesofglobalization.Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient（有活力）,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous（原生，土著）communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.41.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin__________.A．a(chǎn)nincreasinglyinterconnectedworldB．maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakersC．relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunitiesD．followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury42.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis_______.A．uncertainB．unrealisticC．foreseeableD．definite43.Accordingtotheauthor,bilingualismcanhelp_________.A．smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplacesB．homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandculturesC．globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettingsD．speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity44.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit_________.A．makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessaryB．facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguagesC．raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguagesD．makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages45.Intheauthor’sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare________.A．remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworldB．exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunicationC．quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingoutD．a(chǎn)uniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogetherQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Everyone，itseems，hasahealthproblem。AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthService，Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals，longwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythenewchancellor,AngelaMerkel,isunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem.Canada’snewConservativePrimeMinister,StephenHarper,madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountry’slengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworld,affluence,ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome.

ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwages,swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy.Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30.000jobsbywasasmuchasignofit’s“l(fā)egacy”health–carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomers(生育高峰期出生人)willcrushthegovernment’sfinances,GeorgeBushistounveilareform;planinnextweek’sstate-of–the–unionaddress.

America’shealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGDPonhealth,aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage,equivalentto$6,280foreveryAmericaneachyear.Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage.Thankstoanaccidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer,withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.

Thiscurioushybrid（混合物）certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americanshavemorechoicethananybodyelse,andtheirhealth-caresystemismuchmoreinnovative.Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment（R&D）forthem.Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses.Theonemostoftencited—especiallybyforeigners—isthearmyofuninsured.Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover.Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceand,iftheyfallseriouslyill,hospitalshavetotreatthem.Butitisstilldeeplyunequal.Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies:bysomemeasures,30%ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted.

Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport.ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe“socializedmedicine”ofCanadaandEurope.Infact,evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately,around60%ofAmerica’sheath-carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment.Proportionately,theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD（OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment）average,andthatshareissettogrowasthebaby-boomersrunuptheirMedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth-carecoverage.Americais,ineffect,headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault.

46.HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT_________.

A.poorhospitalconditionsinU.K.

B.AngelaMerkelunderattack

C.healthfinancinginGermany

D.longwaitinglinesinCanada

47.Ford’sannouncementofcuttingupto30,000jobsbyindicatesthatFord_________.

A.hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustry

B.hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacy

C.hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburden

D.owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees

48.Intheauthor’sopinion,America’shealthsystemis_________.

A.inefficientB.feasible

C.unpopularD.successful

49.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________.

A.America’shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses

B.theUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderly

C.some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsurance

D.EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica’smedicalresearch

50.fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe“socializedmedicine”is____________.

A.apracticeofCanadaandEurope

B.apolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernment

C.intendedfortheretiringbaby-boomers

D.administeredbyprivateenterprises

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica’sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.IhewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,andreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicecharge,Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed:customers,serversandrestaurantowners.Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotipping——astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites.Toopposetipping,itseems,istobeanticapitalist,andmaybeevenalittleFrench..

ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping—andit’sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice.

Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense.“Waitersknowthattheywon’tgetpaidiftheydon’tdoagoodjob”ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit.Tobesure,thisisatempting,apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory,butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants.

MichaelLynn,anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,hasconducteddozensofstudentsoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumersassessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip.

Rather,customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled——inotherwords,customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver,notwhentheserviceisgood.Mr.Lynn’sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers,.

What’smore,.consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases.Thus,thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall“upwelling”:everybottleofimportedwater,everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket.Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow-key,qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized.

Inaddition,thepracticeoftippooling,whichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreasonableoutcome,youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone.Indeed,thereappeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice.

51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice______.

A.istipping-freeB.chargeslittletip

C.istheauthor’sinitiativeD.isofferedatPer-se

52.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor.

A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.

B.Waitersdon’tcareabouttipping

C.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.

D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice.

53.AccordingtoMichaelLynn’sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey______

A.haveperformedgoodservice

B.frequentlyrefillcustomers’waterglass

C.wincustomers’favor

D.servecustomersofthesamesex

54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“upwelling”(Line2,Para6)probablymeans________

A.sellingsomethingup

B.sellingsomethingfancy

C.sellingsomethingunnecessary

D.sellingsomethingmoreexpensive

55.Thispassageismainlyabout__________

A.reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftipping

B.economicsenseoftipping

C.consumers’attitudestowardstipping

D.tippingforgoodservice

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

“Ipromise.”“Isweartoyouit’llneverhappenagain.”“Igiveyoumyword.”“Honestly.Believeme.”Sure,Itrust.WhynotIteachEnglishcompositionataprivatecollege.Withacertainexcitementandintensity.Ireadmystudents’essays,hopingtofindthepersonbehindthepen.Aseachsemesterprogresses,plagiarism（剽竊）appears.NotonlyismyintelligenceinsultedasoneassumesIwon’tdetectapolishedpieceofprosefromanotherwise-averagewriter,butIfeelasadnessthatastudenthasresortedtobuyingapaperfromapeer.Writershavestyleslikefingerprintsandafterseveralassignments,Icanmatchastudent’sworkwithhisorhernameevenifit’smissingfromtheupperleft-handcorner.

Whyislearninglessimportantthanahighergrade-pointaverage（GPA）Whenwe’rethreatenedorsick,wemakeconditionalpromises.“IfyouletmepassmathIwill….”“Lord,ifyougetmeoverthisbeforethebighomecominggameI’ll….”O(jiān)ncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises.HumannaturePerhaps,butwedousethatcliché（陳詞濫調(diào)）togetusoutofuncomfortablebargains.Divineinterferenceduringdistressisasked;gratitudeisunpaid.Afterall,fewfulfillthecontract,sowhyshouldanyonebetheexception.Whynot

Sixyearsago,Itookastudentbeforethedean.HehadturnedinanessaywiththevocabularyandsentencestructureofPhDthesis.Upuntilthattime,bothhisout-of-classandin-classworkwereborderlinepassing.

IquestionedthepersonregardinghisessayandhesworeitI’dunderstandthiscopywouldnothavethetimeandattentionanout-of-classpaperisgiven,buthehadalreadyafinishedpiecesoheunderstoodwhatwasasked.Hesatonehour,thenturnedinpartofapageofunskilledwritingandfaultylogic.Iconfrontedhimwithbothessays.“Ipromise….,I’mnotlying.IsweartoyouthatIwrotetheessay.I’mjustnervoustoday.”

TheheadoftheEnglishdepartmentagreedwithmyfinding,andthemeetingwiththedeanhadtheboy’sparentspresent.Afteranhourofdiscussion,touchingoneightoftheboy’spreviousessaysandhisgrade-pointaverage,whichindicatedhewasalreadyonacademicprobation（留校察看）,thedeanagreedthatthestudenthadplagiarized.Hisparentsprotested,“He’sonlyachild”andweinstructorsarewiserandshouldbecompassionate.Collegepeoplearenotreallychildrenandmosttimeswouldresentbeinglabeledassuch….Exceptinthisuncomfortablecircumstance.

56.Accordingtotheauthor,studentscommitplagiarismmainlyfor_____.

A．moneyB．degreeC．higherGPAD．reputation

57.thesentence“Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises’impliesthat_________.

A．studentsusuallykeeptheirpromises

B．somestudentstendtobreaktheirpromises

C．thepromisesarealwaysbehindthesituation

D．wecannotjudgethesituationinadvance,aswedotothepromises

58.The“borderlinepassing”（Line3,Para.3）probablymeans____________.

A．fairlygoodB．extremelypoor

C．a(chǎn)boveaverageD．belowaverage

59.Theboy’sparentsthoughttheirsonshouldbeexcusedmainlybecause_______________.

A．teachersshouldbecompassionate

B．hewasonlyachild

C．instructorswerewiser

D．hewasthreatened

60.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthetitleofthispassage

A．HumanNatureB．ConditionalPromises

C．HowtoDetectCheatingD．TheSadnessofPlagiarism

SectionIVTranslation(20points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglishTranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevalued,becausenewtechnologies,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,ourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage.

Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving–-nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace--alwayshavecomefrom”betterrecipes,notjustmorecooking.”O(jiān)nemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantity”businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.

參考答案

人類創(chuàng)造力提升，作為經(jīng)濟(jì)生活所定義特征，為我們這個(gè)時(shí)代正在發(fā)生巨大改變，提供了巨大動(dòng)力。因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)，新工業(yè)，新財(cái)富都伴伴隨創(chuàng)造力產(chǎn)生，創(chuàng)造力逐步受到重視。所以，我們生活中和社會中，開始回響著創(chuàng)造性思想。正是我們在各個(gè)方面對創(chuàng)造力認(rèn)同，形成了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代潛在精神。

創(chuàng)造力對于我們今天生活和工作是致關(guān)主要，從許多意義上來說曾經(jīng)也是。在不設(shè)計(jì)大市場中大競爭優(yōu)勢情況下，生活水平大幅度提升總是來自愈加好食譜，而不是更多烹飪?？赡軙行┤颂岢鲞@并不完全正確。有些人可能會舉例指出，從早期工業(yè)革命到當(dāng)代化時(shí)代這么長時(shí)期內(nèi)，在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中，許多生產(chǎn)效率進(jìn)步和物質(zhì)財(cái)富增加并不但僅起源煜創(chuàng)造性創(chuàng)造，如蒸氣機(jī)，還起源于講求量商業(yè)方法廣泛應(yīng)用，比如大規(guī)模勞動(dòng)力劃分，資本集