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Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.
1.Hiswifehasbeen_______alotofpressureonhimtochangehisjob.A.takingB.exertingC.givingD.pushing2.Itisestimatedthat,currently,about50,000speciesbecome_____everyyear.A.extinctB.instinctC.distinctD.intense3.Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability. A.scopeB.space C.capacityD.range4.Many_______willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation.A.probabilitiesB.realities C.necessitiesD.opportunities5.Afterhisuncledied,theyoungman_____thebeautifulestatewithwhichhechangedfromapoormantoawealthynoble.A.inhabitedB.inheritedC.inhibitedD.inhaled6.Themanageriscallingona______customertryingtotalkhimintosigningthecontract.A.prosperousB.preliminaryC.pessimisticD.prospective7.In1991,whilet11eeconomiesofindustrializedcountriesmetaneconomic_____,theeconomiesofdevelopingcountriesweregrowingveryfast.A.revivalB.repressionC.recessionD.recovery8.Thedestructionofthetwintowers_________shockandangerthroughouttheworld.A.summonedB.temptedCprovokedD.stumbled9.About20ofthepassengerswhowereinjuredinaplanecrasharesaidtobein_____condition.A.decisiveB.urgentC.vitalD.critical10.TheinteractionsbetweenChinaandtheUSwillsurelyhaveasignificant_______onpeaceandstabilityintheAsia—Pacificregionandtheworldasawhole.A.importanceB.impressionC.impactD.implication11.Thepoorcountriesareextremely_______tointernationaleconomicfluctuations-A.inclinedB.vulnerableC.a(chǎn)ttractedD.reduced12.Applicantsshouldnotethatallpositionsare——toAustraliancitizenshiprequirements.A.subjectB.subjectiveC.objectedD.objective13.Weaimtoensurethatallcandidatesaretreatedfairlyandthattheyhaveequal______toemploymentopportunities.A.entranceB.entryC.a(chǎn)ccessD.a(chǎn)dmission14.Successfullearningisnota(n)________activitybutconsistsoffourdistinctstagesinaspecificorderA.onlyB.soleC.mereD.single15.TheopportunitytoexploreandplayandtheencouragementtodosoCan________theperformanceofmanychildren.A.withholdB.preventC.enhanceD.justify16.Allherhardwork__________intheend,andshefinallypassedtheexam.A.showedoffB.paidoffC.1eftoffD.keptoff17.Inordertolivethekindoflifewewantandtobethepersonwewanttobe,wehavetodomorethanjust________withevents.A.putsupB.setupC.turnupD.makeup18.Theteamplayedhardbecausethechampionshipofthestatewas______.A.a(chǎn)thandB.a(chǎn)tstakeC.a(chǎn)tlargeD.a(chǎn)tbest19.Idon’tthinkyou'llchangehismind;oncehe’sdecidedonsosomethinghetendsto_____it.A.sticktoB.a(chǎn)bidebyC.complywithD.keepon20.Tomplacedthebanknotes,_________thechangeandreceipts,backinthedrawer.A.morethanB.butforC.thankstoD.alongwithSection1ICloze(10points)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage.therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.Advancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory,rightDanaDenisisjust40yearsold,but21she’sworriedaboutwhatshecalls’myrollingmentalblackouts.””ItrytoremembersomethingandIjustblankout,”shesaysYoumay22abouttheselapses,callingthem”seniormoments”orblaming"earlyAlzheimer’s(老年癡呆癥).”Isitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,the23yourememberWell,sortof.Butastimegoesby,wetendtoblameage24problemsthatarenotnecessarilyage—related.
“Whenateenagercan’tfindherkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe’sdistractedordisorganized,”saysPaulGold.“A70-year-oldblamesher25.”Infact,the70-year-oldmayhavebeen26thingsfordecades.
Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn’tworsenas27asmanyofusthink.“Aswe28,thememorymechanismisn’t29,”sayspsychologistFergusCraik.”It’sjustinefficient.”
Thebrain’sprocessing30slowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactly31.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyand32there’slessactivityinthebrain.But,cautionsBarryGordon,”It'snotclearthatlessactivityis33.Abeginningathleteiswinded(氣喘吁吁)moreeasilythana34athlete.Inthesameway,35thebraingetsmoreskilledatatask,itexpendslessenergyonit.”
Thereare36youcantaketocompensatefornormalslippageinyourmemorygears,thoughit37effort.MargaretSewellsays:”We’reaquick-fixculture,butyouhaveto38tokeepyourbrain39shape.It’slikehavingagoodbody.YouCan’tgotothegymonceayear40expecttostayintopform.”21.A.almostB.seldomC.already D.never22.A.jokeB.laughC.blameD.criticize23.A.muchB.littleC.moreD.less24.A.sinceB.forC.byD.because25.A.memoryB.mindC.troubleD.health26.A.disorganizingB.misplacingC.puttingD.finding27.A.swiftlyB.frequentlyC.timelyD.quickly28.A.matureB.advanceC.ageD.grow29.A.brokenB.poorC.perfectD.working30.A.patternB.timeC.spaceD.information31.A.whyB.howC.whatD.when32.A.sinceB.henceC.thatD.although33.A.irregularB.betterC.normalD.worse34.A.famousB.seniorC.popularD.trained35.A.asB.tillC.thoughD.yet36.A.stagesB.stepsC.advantagesD.purposes37.A.makesB.takesC.doesD.spends38.A.restB.comeC.workD.study39.A.toB.forC.onD.in40.A.soB.orC.andD.ifSectionⅢReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithapencil.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld’speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife.Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.AremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthatWhethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism(masteryoftwolanguages).Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheresathome,amongfriends,incommunitysettingsandagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizing(同化)forcesofglobalization.Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient(有活力),however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenous(原生,土著)communitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.41.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin__________.A.a(chǎn)nincreasinglyinterconnectedworldB.maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakersC.relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunitiesD.followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury42.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis_______.A.uncertainB.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite43.Accordingtotheauthor,bilingualismcanhelp_________.A.smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplacesB.homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandculturesC.globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettingsD.speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity44.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit_________.A.makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessaryB.facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguagesC.raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguagesD.makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages45.Intheauthor’sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare________.A.remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworldB.exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunicationC.quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingoutD.a(chǎn)uniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogetherQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Everyone,itseems,hasahealthproblem。AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthService,Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals,longwaitsandwastedmoney.InGermanythenewchancellor,AngelaMerkel,isunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem.Canada’snewConservativePrimeMinister,StephenHarper,madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountry’slengthymedicalqueues.Acrosstherichworld,affluence,ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome.
ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica.Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwages,swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy.Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30.000jobsbywasasmuchasignofit’s“l(fā)egacy”health–carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry.Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomers(生育高峰期出生人)willcrushthegovernment’sfinances,GeorgeBushistounveilareform;planinnextweek’sstate-of–the–unionaddress.
America’shealthsystemisunlikeanyother.TheUniteStatesspends16%ofitsGDPonhealth,aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage,equivalentto$6,280foreveryAmericaneachyear.Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage.Thankstoanaccidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer,withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.
Thiscurioushybrid(混合物)certainlyhasitsstrengths.Americanshavemorechoicethananybodyelse,andtheirhealth-caresystemismuchmoreinnovative.Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)forthem.Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses.Theonemostoftencited—especiallybyforeigners—isthearmyofuninsured.Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover.Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceand,iftheyfallseriouslyill,hospitalshavetotreatthem.Butitisstilldeeplyunequal.Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies:bysomemeasures,30%ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted.
Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport.ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe“socializedmedicine”ofCanadaandEurope.Infact,evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately,around60%ofAmerica’sheath-carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment.Proportionately,theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)average,andthatshareissettogrowasthebaby-boomersrunuptheirMedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth-carecoverage.Americais,ineffect,headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault.
46.HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT_________.
A.poorhospitalconditionsinU.K.
B.AngelaMerkelunderattack
C.healthfinancinginGermany
D.longwaitinglinesinCanada
47.Ford’sannouncementofcuttingupto30,000jobsbyindicatesthatFord_________.
A.hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustry
B.hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth-carelegacy
C.hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth-careburden
D.owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees
48.Intheauthor’sopinion,America’shealthsystemis_________.
A.inefficientB.feasible
C.unpopularD.successful
49.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________.
A.America’shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses
B.theUSgovernmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderly
C.some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsurance
D.EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica’smedicalresearch
50.fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe“socializedmedicine”is____________.
A.apracticeofCanadaandEurope
B.apolicyadoptedbytheUSgovernment
C.intendedfortheretiringbaby-boomers
D.administeredbyprivateenterprises
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
WhenThomasKeller,oneofAmerica’sforemostchefs,announcedthatonSept.IhewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe.hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity,andreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicecharge,Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed:customers,serversandrestaurantowners.Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotipping——astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites.Toopposetipping,itseems,istobeanticapitalist,andmaybeevenalittleFrench..
ButMr.Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping—andit’sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice.
Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense.“Waitersknowthattheywon’tgetpaidiftheydon’tdoagoodjob”ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit.Tobesure,thisisatempting,apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory,butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants.
MichaelLynn,anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,hasconducteddozensofstudentsoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumersassessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip.
Rather,customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled——inotherwords,customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver,notwhentheserviceisgood.Mr.Lynn’sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers,.
What’smore,.consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases.Thus,thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall“upwelling”:everybottleofimportedwater,everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket.Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow-key,qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized.
Inaddition,thepracticeoftippooling,whichisthenorminfine-diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmoreineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon,hasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter.Inanunreasonableoutcome,youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone.Indeed,thereappeartobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice.
51.ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice______.
A.istipping-freeB.chargeslittletip
C.istheauthor’sinitiativeD.isofferedatPer-se
52.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor.
A.Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld.
B.Waitersdon’tcareabouttipping
C.Customersgenerallybelieveintipping.
D.Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice.
53.AccordingtoMichaelLynn’sstudies,waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey______
A.haveperformedgoodservice
B.frequentlyrefillcustomers’waterglass
C.wincustomers’favor
D.servecustomersofthesamesex
54.Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“upwelling”(Line2,Para6)probablymeans________
A.sellingsomethingup
B.sellingsomethingfancy
C.sellingsomethingunnecessary
D.sellingsomethingmoreexpensive
55.Thispassageismainlyabout__________
A.reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftipping
B.economicsenseoftipping
C.consumers’attitudestowardstipping
D.tippingforgoodservice
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
“Ipromise.”“Isweartoyouit’llneverhappenagain.”“Igiveyoumyword.”“Honestly.Believeme.”Sure,Itrust.WhynotIteachEnglishcompositionataprivatecollege.Withacertainexcitementandintensity.Ireadmystudents’essays,hopingtofindthepersonbehindthepen.Aseachsemesterprogresses,plagiarism(剽竊)appears.NotonlyismyintelligenceinsultedasoneassumesIwon’tdetectapolishedpieceofprosefromanotherwise-averagewriter,butIfeelasadnessthatastudenthasresortedtobuyingapaperfromapeer.Writershavestyleslikefingerprintsandafterseveralassignments,Icanmatchastudent’sworkwithhisorhernameevenifit’smissingfromtheupperleft-handcorner.
Whyislearninglessimportantthanahighergrade-pointaverage(GPA)Whenwe’rethreatenedorsick,wemakeconditionalpromises.“IfyouletmepassmathIwill….”“Lord,ifyougetmeoverthisbeforethebighomecominggameI’ll….”O(jiān)ncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises.HumannaturePerhaps,butwedousethatcliché(陳詞濫調(diào))togetusoutofuncomfortablebargains.Divineinterferenceduringdistressisasked;gratitudeisunpaid.Afterall,fewfulfillthecontract,sowhyshouldanyonebetheexception.Whynot
Sixyearsago,Itookastudentbeforethedean.HehadturnedinanessaywiththevocabularyandsentencestructureofPhDthesis.Upuntilthattime,bothhisout-of-classandin-classworkwereborderlinepassing.
IquestionedthepersonregardinghisessayandhesworeitI’dunderstandthiscopywouldnothavethetimeandattentionanout-of-classpaperisgiven,buthehadalreadyafinishedpiecesoheunderstoodwhatwasasked.Hesatonehour,thenturnedinpartofapageofunskilledwritingandfaultylogic.Iconfrontedhimwithbothessays.“Ipromise….,I’mnotlying.IsweartoyouthatIwrotetheessay.I’mjustnervoustoday.”
TheheadoftheEnglishdepartmentagreedwithmyfinding,andthemeetingwiththedeanhadtheboy’sparentspresent.Afteranhourofdiscussion,touchingoneightoftheboy’spreviousessaysandhisgrade-pointaverage,whichindicatedhewasalreadyonacademicprobation(留校察看),thedeanagreedthatthestudenthadplagiarized.Hisparentsprotested,“He’sonlyachild”andweinstructorsarewiserandshouldbecompassionate.Collegepeoplearenotreallychildrenandmosttimeswouldresentbeinglabeledassuch….Exceptinthisuncomfortablecircumstance.
56.Accordingtotheauthor,studentscommitplagiarismmainlyfor_____.
A.moneyB.degreeC.higherGPAD.reputation
57.thesentence“Oncethesituationisbehindus,soarethepromises’impliesthat_________.
A.studentsusuallykeeptheirpromises
B.somestudentstendtobreaktheirpromises
C.thepromisesarealwaysbehindthesituation
D.wecannotjudgethesituationinadvance,aswedotothepromises
58.The“borderlinepassing”(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans____________.
A.fairlygoodB.extremelypoor
C.a(chǎn)boveaverageD.belowaverage
59.Theboy’sparentsthoughttheirsonshouldbeexcusedmainlybecause_______________.
A.teachersshouldbecompassionate
B.hewasonlyachild
C.instructorswerewiser
D.hewasthreatened
60.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthetitleofthispassage
A.HumanNatureB.ConditionalPromises
C.HowtoDetectCheatingD.TheSadnessofPlagiarism
SectionIVTranslation(20points)
Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglishTranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.
Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevalued,becausenewtechnologies,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,ourlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage.
Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving–-nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace--alwayshavecomefrom”betterrecipes,notjustmorecooking.”O(jiān)nemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantity”businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.
參考答案
人類創(chuàng)造力提升,作為經(jīng)濟(jì)生活所定義特征,為我們這個(gè)時(shí)代正在發(fā)生巨大改變,提供了巨大動(dòng)力。因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù),新工業(yè),新財(cái)富都伴伴隨創(chuàng)造力產(chǎn)生,創(chuàng)造力逐步受到重視。所以,我們生活中和社會中,開始回響著創(chuàng)造性思想。正是我們在各個(gè)方面對創(chuàng)造力認(rèn)同,形成了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代潛在精神。
創(chuàng)造力對于我們今天生活和工作是致關(guān)主要,從許多意義上來說曾經(jīng)也是。在不設(shè)計(jì)大市場中大競爭優(yōu)勢情況下,生活水平大幅度提升總是來自愈加好食譜,而不是更多烹飪??赡軙行┤颂岢鲞@并不完全正確。有些人可能會舉例指出,從早期工業(yè)革命到當(dāng)代化時(shí)代這么長時(shí)期內(nèi),在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中,許多生產(chǎn)效率進(jìn)步和物質(zhì)財(cái)富增加并不但僅起源煜創(chuàng)造性創(chuàng)造,如蒸氣機(jī),還起源于講求量商業(yè)方法廣泛應(yīng)用,比如大規(guī)模勞動(dòng)力劃分,資本集
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