英語人教版新目標八年級下冊知識unit

【詞析】音析：字母組合ei讀［ａＩ］或［］,th讀［］,er讀［形析：形近詞either(兩者中的每一方的)義析：notoneortheother;notIknowneitherofneither可用作形容詞、代詞、副詞和連詞等,其用法為:NeitheranswerisNeitherofthemisgoodatmaths.用作副詞。neither通常用在句子的開頭,表示“也不”,其后多用倒裝語序。例如:Ifhewon’tgo,neithershallI.NeithertheteachersnorthestudentsaregoingtoHuashan.老師和都不打算去華山haveagreattime形析：have(有)+agreattime(愉快的時光義析：haveWehadagreattimeintheparty【拓展】同義詞組:haveagood/wonderful/nicetime,enjoyoneself,yhappily,havefun【詞析】音析：兩個字母a分別發(fā)［］和［］,字母組合tion發(fā)［］音。義析 ce,thing,oreventthatisintendedtoThenewideahaslittleattractionto這個新想法對他沒有多大attractvt.吸引;招引例如Shewasattractedbythenovel她被這新穎的吸引住了takearide形析：take(乘)+a(一個)+ride(騎)【典句】Heoftentakesaridewhenhe 【辨析】take,onWewilltakeataxithere.乘出租車去那兒onprep.“騎,乘”。表示狀態(tài),作表語、狀語等;常見短語:onthebike騎自行車,onthebus乘公byprep.“騎,乘”。后接交通工具,不加冠詞,表示方式,作狀語。例如:Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.【詞析】音析：字母組合ou讀作［，詞尾的e不發(fā)音。義析：aroadorwayfortravelfromonecetoanotherWecamebyalongerroutethanroutecourse二者的含義都與“路”route意為“路線、小路、小巷”,使用范圍也較小。course表示船的“航道”或飛機的“航線”。endup形析：end(結(jié)束)+up(盡了)Thepartyendedupat12:00last12:eatup吃光useupburnup燒掉,燒毀cut 把……切成小塊,切【詞析】音析：字母組合cial讀作［義析：toanextentor【典句】IloveItaly,especiallyinespeciallyespecially意為“特別;尤其”,強調(diào)個別超過其他部分,它后面所提到的東西必須是前面敘述Ilovethecountry,especiallyinCookingisagreatburdentome,especiallywhenwehavespecially意為“特別地;專門地”,指為一特別的目的而專門做的,強調(diào)目的,一般用在表示目的for短語前。例如:ThesebooksarespeciallywrittenforImadethisspeciallyforyour【詞析】音析：前綴dis發(fā)［ｄＩｓ］音,o發(fā)［］,重音落在原詞根的重讀音節(jié)上。義析：tobethefirsttofindorColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492dis-,im-,un-。例如【詞析】音析：o發(fā)［，字母組合gn在詞尾發(fā)音［n］,重音在第一個音節(jié)。形析：形近詞reign()義析：notHecanspeakthreeforeignforeigner意為“外國人”音析：閉音節(jié)詞,i發(fā)[I]音。形析：形近詞fill(充滿)義析：a【典句】Haveyouseenanygood la最近你看過什么好嗎形析：south(南)+east(東)義析：southern(南方的)【典句】Shenzhenisinthesoutheastof:southwest西南,northeast東北,northwest【詞析】音析：o讀［］,字母組合er讀［形析：wonder(v.對……感到驚訝)+-ful(形容詞后綴)【典句】Thisisawonderfulcefor -ful的形容詞help→helpful有幫助的 use→useful有用的care→careful仔細的 success→successful成功的takeaholiday休假;度假形析：take(拿)+a(一個)+holiday(假)義析：spendholidayWetookaholidayinGuilinlasttake構(gòu)成的常見短語takeapicture/phototakeaway拿走takeabustakeawalk散步takeaboattakecareof照顧takeofftaketurnstakearesttakemedicine【詞析】音析：字母o,u,a分別讀作［］,［ju］和［eＩ］,tion讀作［義析：allofthepeopleinhabitingaspecifiedareaWhatisthepopulationofthis1)population是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“人口,人數(shù)”,what。如:What’sthepopulationofthecity?2)populationbig(large),small,many/much。如:Theworld’spopulationistoobig(large)now.(r)形析：duck(鴨子)Somesmallchildrenareafraidofthe【拓展】dark還作形容詞,意為“的,深色的”。反義詞:light“淺的;淡的”。例如:It’stoodarkforyoutoread.allyearround一年到頭;形析：all(全)+year(年)+round(大概的Theweatherissogoodherethatwecanswimallyear音析：開音節(jié)詞,首字母a發(fā)［］,a發(fā)本音［eＩ義析：benotasleep【典句】Isthebabystillwake為動詞,其常見短語有:wakeup意為“喚醒,醒來”,注意賓語是代詞常放在中間。Pleasedon’twakeme請我叫醒Me

SectionMeneither.表示說話者的情況與上述否定句中所述的內(nèi)容一樣,是省略句型,常Neither/NorhaveI。例如:—Idon’tsmoke.,Metoo.—Ilikeeatingbananas.—Metoo.Tinawenttothespacemuseumlast:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,amomentago,justnow,inMay,in2000,lastnight(week,month)等。MostofushaveprobablyheardofMickeyMouse,DonaldDuck,andmanyotherfamousDisneycharacters.heardhear1)hear,hearofhear①hear動詞,有“聽見(強調(diào)結(jié)果)”和“聽說(后可跟從句)”之意。例如:Ilistenedbutcouldhearnothing.Weheardthathewas②hearof聽說,聽到”,后跟名詞或代詞。例如Shehasneverheardofthe①another多指三個或三個以上的人或事物同類中的另一個,常和單數(shù)名詞連用。例如:Thispenisbroken,pleasegetmeanotherone.②other后面既可接單數(shù)名詞,也可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,接單數(shù)名詞時,前面必須加上定冠詞the,通常用于側(cè)重于兩者中的另一個。“one...,theother...”句型表示“一個……另一個……”。other作Hehastwobrothers.Oneissix,andtheotheris6歲,8Themovietheaterliesontheothersideofthe③others只能作代詞,不能作定語,指不定的“其他的人或物”,且這里的人或物都應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)。例Shewantstoknowwhatothersthinkof她他想要知道別人是怎么看注意:otherssome對比使用時,表示剩余中的一部分,意為“有些”。例如:Someiscarryingwater,othersisntingtrees.④theothers是指“(在一個范圍內(nèi)的)剩余的全部”,意為“其余的”。例如:Theseareyours,theothersareallmine.Ithasallthenormalattractionsthatyoucanfindatanamusementpark,butitalsohasabut連接的并列句。前一個分句是一句包含定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。itDisneyland,Ithasallthenormalattractions指“它擁有所有的那些吸引人的東西”,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,attractions,指這些“吸引人的東西”是“所有的游樂園里能看到的”but連接,表明迪斯尼與其他游樂場的不同之處就在于它有一ThismeansthatyoucanfindDisneycharactersallovertherollerForexample...withDisneycharacters.This就是指means“意思是”that引導(dǎo)。AndyoucanseeDisneycharacterswalkingaroundDisneylandallthe是一個動詞seesb.ngsth.“看見正在做某事”【拓展延伸】動詞see還有一個常見用法,即seesb.dosth.“看見做過某事”。例如:Isawhimpassbytheshop.SectionIt’sfuntolearnanother“Itis+名詞+todosth.”,it為形式主語,代替后面真正的主語(動Toreadistostudy.讀書是學(xué)習(xí)。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。如果作主語的不定式較長,為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),it作形式主語,而將真正的主語——it代替不定式作形式主語的常見句型有以下四種:①Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.“做某事花去了多少時間”;Itcostssb.somemoneytodoIttookmetwohourstomendtheItwilltakeyou$150toflytoNew飛往紐花費你150②Itbe+adj./ntodosth.例如It’simportanttodowhatthe lsIt’snoteasytoworkouttheprobleminhalfanIt’sagreatpleasuretotalkwith③Itbe+adj.+forsb.todosth.這一句型中的形容詞是表示客觀情況的It’shardformetocarrytheheavyIt’snecessaryforyoutobuyanew④Itbe+adj.+ofsb.todosth.這一句型中的形容詞往往是表示人的特征、狀態(tài)、性格的foolish,silly,clever,wise,kind,lazy,nice,polite,impolite,careful,careless,honest,brave,proud等。例It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmy你幫我真是太好了It’sverycleverofhertogothereintheWhenIwasayounggirl,allIeverwantedtodowastraveling,andIdecidedthatthebestwaytodothiswasto eaflightattendant.當(dāng)我還是一個小的時候,做的所有事情就是旅游,而且我覺得外出旅游的最好的WhenIwasayounggirl,表明這是我從小的夢想。主句all...,andI...aflightattendantand連接的并列句。前一個分句是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu),allIeverwantedtodo中,Ieverwantedtodoall的定語,意為“做的所有事情”。后一個分句中,decided后跟一個賓語從句thebestway...aflight構(gòu),thebestwaytodothistodothisway的定語,意為“做這件事的最好方法”。I’vebeenafightattendantfortwoyearsfor+一段時間表示句中動作從過去已經(jīng)開始,for+since+時間點的詞組或句子,都可表示動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間,howlong“多長時間”。IdiscoveredthatthemostimportantrequirementwastospeakEnglishwell,soIstudiedEnglishattheHilltopLanguageSchoolforfiveyearsbeforeIbecameaflightattendant.我發(fā)現(xiàn)最重要的要求是說好英語,aflightattendant,說明“我在山頂學(xué)校學(xué)了五年英語”這件事發(fā)生在“我成為空姐之前”。ItwasbecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatIgotthe【巧解句構(gòu)】“Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分”是一個強調(diào)句型,被強調(diào)部分為原因狀語。如果不用強調(diào)句型,BecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatIgotthejob.ItwasyouthatIthoughtofalltheItwasonMondaynightthatallthisMaybewhenIleaveschoolI’llthinkabout inganEnglishteacherratherthanatour ing1)maybe意為“或許,大概”,perhaps,2)leaveschool意為“畢業(yè)”thinkabout,thinkofthinkIamthinkingaboutwhatIshouldthinkof意為“考慮,記起,想起”,表示“考慮”thinkabout,表示“記起,想起”時相當(dāng)于I’mthinkingofbuyingadollformyIcouldn’tthinkofhernameatthemomentwhenIsawherintheYoumustthinkovertheproblemtoseewhocanworkitoutHaveyoueverbeento youwon’thaveanyproblemfindingrice,noodles,or【要點剖析】haveproblem(in) ng意為“在做某事方面有一些”。例如:Youhavelittleproblemfindingwheretheyare.Shehasnoproblemin)learningEnglish.她沒有。Whetheryoulike nfood,Westernfood,orJapanesefood,you’llfinditallinSingaporeifyoulook!不管你是喜歡食品、西方食品,還是食品,如果你看的話,在新加坡你都會找到它們【巧解句構(gòu)】該句是包含條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句you’llfinditallin ifyoulook“如果你看的話,在新加坡你都會找到它們”,其中又包含著一個條件狀語從句ifyoulook。條件狀語從句由whether引導(dǎo),意為“無論”。whether...or...意為“不管……還是……;無Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain,hewillbehereontime.Whetheritwillbefineornot,Imustgo.Butifyou’veeverbeentoazooduringthedaytime,youmightunderstandwhythiszooissoyoumightunderstand.“明白……”whythiszooissospecial,意為“為什么這個動物園如此特別”。if引導(dǎo),意為“如果白天你曾去過動物園……”,duringthedaytime是時間OnegreatthingaboutSingaporeisthatthetemperatureisalmostthesameallyear【巧解句構(gòu)】該句是包含表語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主語Onegreatthing 中aboutSingapore是定語,修飾thing。表語從句 thattemperatureisalmostthesameallyearround也是個“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,意為“溫度幾乎全年相同”。肯定 疑問 否定Ihave HaveI IhavenotIhaven’tHe/She/Ithas Hashe/she/it He/She/IthasnotHe/She/Ithasn’tWehave Havewe WehavenotWehaven’tYouhave Haveyou YouhavenotTheyhave Havethey TheyhavenotTheyhaven’t中常出現(xiàn)already,just,yet等副詞。例如:SomeonehasbrokentheI’vejustfinishedreadingtheHaveyouseenthedoctoryet?注意:alreadyyet用法上的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句,置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句,常用于句末。例如:It’sonly11o’clockandtheyhavealreadyhadlunch.Johnhasn’tfinishedthatreportyetbutIaskedhimforitthreedays現(xiàn)在完成時也可表示從過去某時開始的動作,狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,for,since引導(dǎo)IhavelearnedEnglishfor55HelivedinBeijingsincehewas他從剛出生就住在注意:①forsince引導(dǎo)的時間狀語的區(qū)別:for+一段時間,since+一點時間(從句中常用一②表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時也可和lay,recently,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthepast(last)fewyears...,thisweek(month,year...),allday,allthisweek等時間狀語連用。例如:Ihaven’theardfromhimrecently.Tomhashadatoothacheallday.,常和I’veneverbeentoBeijing.HehasreadthisbookTalkingaboutpastexperiences過某事,Haveyou(ever)...?Hasshe/he(ever)...?—Have—Haveyoueverseenadolphin?你（們）—HaveyouevertoChongqing?你（們）—Has—Hassheworkedinthefactory?—HasTomgoneout?出去了嗎如果想要進一步了解對方或他人已持續(xù)某種動作或狀態(tài)“多長時間”時,Howlonghaveyou/hasshe/he...?提問,并用一段時間作答。Howlonghave/has—HowlonghaveyoubeeninAmerica?你在待了多長時間—Howlonghavehehadthebike?說明文的出題形式為文字提示或圖表,文體有、投稿、書信等。寫作步驟如下第一步:審題,確定句、主體時態(tài)(一般以現(xiàn)在時態(tài)為主)和中心人稱;為題,根據(jù)下面列舉的本單元的重點詞匯和常用句型,展開合理的想象,80詞左右的短【常用句型】1.HaveyoueverbeenIthasapopulationYouwillhaveagreattimeIlovemyhometown—HaveyoueverbeentoWeifang?ItisinthemiddleofShProvince.Ithasapopulationof8500000.Peoplehereenjoyfourseasons:warmspring,hotsummer,coolautumnandcoldWeifanghasmanyattractions,especiallyWeifangInternationalKiteFestival,Yangjiabu’sNewYearpaintings.Everyyearalotofforeignvisitorscomehere.TheenvironmentofWeifangisverybeautiful,too.YouwillhaveagreattimeifyoucometoIlove eto例1(2010模擬)—Ihaven’tbeentotheaquariumbefore.Howabout—Me 型Meneither.。表示說話者的情況與上述肯定句中所述的內(nèi)容一樣,常用省略句型Metoo.答案誤區(qū)警示本題誤區(qū)就是看能否正確區(qū)別口語的Metoo.和Meneither.深化升華要解對此類試題,必須認真積累較口語化的交際用語,因為漢語與英語習(xí)慣有2(2010浙江杭州模擬Doyouenjoyyourstayingin wonderful wonderful的首字母發(fā)輔音/w/,不能用an。haveawonderfultime意為“玩得答案深化升華只要記準固定短語,知道輔音前用an;元音前用a,便很容易做對此類試題。例3(2010重慶模擬)I toCanadatwice.It’ssobeautiful.A.won’t B.have C.don’t D.have 從第一句中的twice可以判斷,這句話意為“我去過兩次”。用現(xiàn)在完成時,表達“去過某地”應(yīng)用havebeento。答案本題的誤區(qū)為:havebeentohavegoneto。深化升華只要認真記清各種時態(tài)的標志詞,便可判斷好時態(tài)。分清現(xiàn)在完成時中的“去過某地”havebeento,“去了某地”havegoneto。例4(2010重慶模擬)Ihavetwoboxes.Oneis is D.the 前提是兩者,說明“一個……另一個……”用固定句型one...,theother...。誤區(qū)警示如果不能正確運用another,(the)others,(the)other就很可能誤選深化升華對這些不但形近而且義近的詞,只要認真對照著它們之間的不同之處,應(yīng)例5(2010浙江衢州模擬)—Haveyouever —Ofcourse,averyfamouswriter,andheoncestudiedin C.heard D.heard hearof意為“聽說”,hear意為“聽到”，hearfrom意為“收到……的來信”,根據(jù)答案誤區(qū)警示此題誤區(qū)就是看能否正確區(qū)分選項A,C,D意義的不同。6閱讀理解DearI’vebeeninEnglandfortwomonthsnow.Ihopeyoudon’tthinkIhaveforgottenyou.TherehavebeensomanycestoseeandsomanythingstodothatI’venothadmuchtimegotIwillsoonbestartingmystudiesatKing’sCollege.SofarI’vebeenlearning