sap日常維護(hù)管理手冊(cè)

年4月19日sap日常維護(hù)管理手冊(cè)文檔僅供參考SAP系統(tǒng)日常管理1

系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視1.1

進(jìn)程監(jiān)視§

SM66/SM50進(jìn)程查看管理員需全天監(jiān)看系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行的后臺(tái)工作，有缺陷的報(bào)表程序，若不進(jìn)行控制都將消耗掉大量的系統(tǒng)資源。管理員用這個(gè)事務(wù)碼檢查她們的環(huán)境。當(dāng)然，在殺掉這些進(jìn)程前，需要與最終用戶協(xié)商。1.2

服務(wù)器監(jiān)視§

SM51R/3服務(wù)器的列表可用SM51顯示，管理員用它來監(jiān)視不同服務(wù)器之間的工作進(jìn)程。想要顯示某一服務(wù)器的進(jìn)程，鼠標(biāo)指針點(diǎn)中服務(wù)器的名稱，然后選Processes?！?/p>

RZ20CCMS監(jiān)控雙擊要查看的菜單項(xiàng)，檢查系統(tǒng)收集的監(jiān)控信息，遇到報(bào)警和錯(cuò)誤信息要查清原因，找出解決辦法。1.3

用戶監(jiān)視§

SM04用戶監(jiān)視管理員應(yīng)該考慮全天監(jiān)視用戶僅她們的活動(dòng)。是否有非法用戶？是否有用戶試圖或正在用她們不該用的事務(wù)碼，等等。1.4

性能監(jiān)視§

ST03工作量分析世上沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的替代品。當(dāng)需要調(diào)R/3系統(tǒng)的性能的時(shí)候是很痛苦的事情。管理員應(yīng)該保留盡可能多的工作量分析數(shù)據(jù)，特別是系統(tǒng)沒用性能問題時(shí)候的數(shù)據(jù)。擁有一副系統(tǒng)工作正常時(shí)的清晰的系統(tǒng)圖，將使你具有對(duì)你的系統(tǒng)的不可估量的感覺，這種感覺將使你能預(yù)見到將要發(fā)生的問題，而且很多時(shí)候能夠避免問題的發(fā)生。§

ST02緩存分析R/3的緩存存儲(chǔ)經(jīng)常見到的數(shù)據(jù)，以使本地應(yīng)用服務(wù)器的實(shí)例能取得這些數(shù)據(jù)。這樣就能夠減少數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的訪問，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的負(fù)載，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的流量，從而提高系統(tǒng)的性能。數(shù)據(jù)緩存中包括了ABAP/4程序，屏幕，ABAP/4字典數(shù)據(jù)和公司的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)在系統(tǒng)操作過程中是不會(huì)改變的。我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常的監(jiān)視緩存、點(diǎn)擊率、剩余空間、交換區(qū)。此進(jìn)程能夠幫助管理員作性能調(diào)整?！?/p>

SP12TemSe管理管理員要檢查文件系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)空間的增長(zhǎng)，特別是批量打印大量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)。TemSe的一致性檢查(RSPO0043)需要計(jì)劃每天在打印池重新整理(RSPO0041)之前執(zhí)行。

1.5

更新記錄§

SM13更新記錄此事務(wù)碼顯示失敗的更新動(dòng)作。失敗的更新動(dòng)作在生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中是決不允許發(fā)生的，一旦發(fā)生，開發(fā)人員應(yīng)馬上修改。1.6

鎖定對(duì)象§

SM12鎖定對(duì)象用戶總是會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)的因?yàn)槟撤N原因（如斷線，程序出錯(cuò)等等）而鎖定一個(gè)對(duì)象。所有被鎖定的老的對(duì)象均要被分析，更正。1.7

出錯(cuò)分析§

ST22出錯(cuò)分析當(dāng)一個(gè)報(bào)表或事務(wù)因?yàn)閲?yán)重的錯(cuò)誤而停止工作時(shí)，ABAP/4開發(fā)工作臺(tái)就會(huì)發(fā)出一個(gè)“突然出錯(cuò)”（shortdump）。系統(tǒng)在系統(tǒng)日志中記錄錯(cuò)誤信息，并在表SNAP中記錄程序終止時(shí)的出錯(cuò)信息。管理員需要每天檢查是否有shortdump出現(xiàn)，如果有則分析并試圖解決問題。1.8

系統(tǒng)日志§

SM21系統(tǒng)日日志R/3服務(wù)器在系統(tǒng)日志中記錄系統(tǒng)的事件和問題。所有的警告和錯(cuò)誤信息應(yīng)被分析和解決。此程序應(yīng)包括將問題及其解決方案做成文檔。1.9

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)§

DB13定義DATABASE相關(guān)的日常后臺(tái)job,如：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份，CHECKDATABASE,OBTIMIZERSTATISTICSUPDATE等等，也可查看DATABASE相關(guān)后臺(tái)作業(yè)的LOG.§

DB12SAPDBA日志檢查夜間備份是否成功。檢查日志目錄的剩余空間?！?/p>

DB02存儲(chǔ)管理監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)。監(jiān)控表和索引的擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)及碎片的情況。如有必要監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的優(yōu)化統(tǒng)計(jì)?！?/p>

ST02監(jiān)控SAPR/3BUFFER狀況每天監(jiān)控SAPR/3各種BUFFER的命中率，比如:ROLLMEMORY,EXTENDMEMORY,HEAPMEMORY，TABLEBUFFER,ABAPPROGRAMBUFFER等等。

§

ST04數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)性能監(jiān)控每天監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的性能統(tǒng)計(jì)值以觀察數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否處于良好的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。每天監(jiān)控對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)邏輯上和物理上的讀，以追蹤數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)負(fù)載的發(fā)展情況。如：DATABUFFER命中率，SHAREMEMORY命中率等等和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)性能密切相關(guān)的重要參數(shù)值?！?/p>

ST06監(jiān)控操作系統(tǒng)資源狀況每天察看ST06用以掌握系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中整個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)資源狀況，如：CPU使用率，內(nèi)存使用率，PAGESPACE使用率等等。

§

AL02數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。1.10

操作系統(tǒng)§

OS06操作系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案?！?/p>

AL16操作系統(tǒng)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。

1.11

網(wǎng)絡(luò)§

ST09/ST08網(wǎng)絡(luò)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。2

工作定時(shí)系統(tǒng)§

SM37工作日志查看管理員應(yīng)該檢查所有被取消的工作，如有必要分析并修正這些工作。問題及其解決方案需記錄在案。管理器應(yīng)該檢查所有的日志，包括輸出列表

§

RZ01圖形化的工作監(jiān)視3

打印系統(tǒng)§

SP01打印需求查看失敗的打印任務(wù)能夠從新啟動(dòng)。這些打印任務(wù)的失敗往往是用戶端的問題（如PC上的SAPLPD程序被關(guān)閉了）。由于R/3系統(tǒng)僅跟蹤打印任務(wù)到目標(biāo)隊(duì)列中，輸出控制器中的已經(jīng)完成的狀態(tài)并不能表明實(shí)際打印成功，因此那些比較重要和大量的打印任務(wù)在被從TemSe中刪除前必須先確認(rèn)是否完成。4

系統(tǒng)變更檢查4.1

DB03數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)修改記錄監(jiān)控所有R/3系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)的修改。管理員要經(jīng)常檢查參數(shù)是否由經(jīng)授權(quán)的的用戶修改。

4.2

TU02R/3系統(tǒng)參數(shù)修改記錄R/3系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控所有R/3系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的修改。即使不是每天檢查，系統(tǒng)管理員人要確認(rèn)參數(shù)的調(diào)整是在艘全的情況下調(diào)整地。4.3

OS03操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)變更R/3系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控所有操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的修改。系統(tǒng)管理員能夠定期檢查參數(shù)的調(diào)整是在授權(quán)的情況下進(jìn)行的。5

常見事務(wù)代碼及菜單路徑Trans-action

Title

MenuPathSM50

WorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitoring-->Systemàmonitoring->ProcessoverviewSM04

UserList

Tools->Administration->Monitoring->Systemmonitoring->UseroverviewAL08

UsersLoggedOn

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->Activeusers->Users,globalSM02

SystemMessages

Tools->Administration->Administration->SystemMessagesAL11

DisplaySAPDirectories

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAPdirectoriesST11

DisplaySideloperTraces

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SideloperTracesSSAA

SystemAdministrationAssistant

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemAdministrationAssistant(SAA)RZ10

MaintenanceofProfileParameters

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->ProfilemaintenanceRZ11

ProfileParameterMaintenance

RZ04

MaintenanceSAPInstances

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Operationmodes/instancesRZ03

Presentation,ControlSAPInstances

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->ControlpanelRZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->AlertMonitorDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarDB24

DatabaseOperationsMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->OperationsMonitorDB20

EditDatabaseStatistics

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->CreatestatisticsDB21

ChangeDBOptimizerControl

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->ConfigurationST04

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexesDB03

ParameterChangesinDB

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ParameterchangesRZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->AlertMonitorDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarDB24

DatabaseOperationsMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->OperationsMonitorDB20

EditDatabaseStatistics

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->CreatestatisticsDB21

ChangeDBOptimizerControl

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->Configuration

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexesDB03

ParameterChangesinDB

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ParameterchangesSM36

Defineanewjob

System->Services->Jobs->DefinejoborTools->CCMS->Jobs->Definition

SM37

Monitorjobs

System->Services->Jobs->JobovervieworTools->CCMS->Jobs->MaintenanceRZ01

Graphicaljobmonitor

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Jobschedul.MonitorSM69

Defineanexternalcommand

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->ExternalCommandsSM49

ExecuteexternalOScommand

Tools->CCMS->Jobs->ExternalCommandsSTMS

TransportManagementSystem

Tools->Administration->Transports->TransportManagementSystemSCC4

ClientMaintenance

Tools->Administration->Administration->ClientAdministration->ClientMaintenanceSCCL

LocalCopy

Tools->Administration->Administration->ClientAdministration->ClientCopy->LocalCopySPRO_ADMIN

ProjectManagement

Tools->AcceleratedSAP->Customizing->ProjectManagementSE10

CustomizingOrganizer

Tools->AcceleratedSAP->Customizing->CustomizingOrganizerSE09

WorkbenchOrganizer

Tools->ABAPWorkbench->Overview->WorkbenchOrganizerSU01

UserMaintenance

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->UsersPFCG

ActivityGroupMaintenance

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)SUIM

CallAUTHReportingTree(InfoSys)

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->Users->Information->InformationSystemSU22

MaintainAssignmentofAuthorizationObjectstoTransactions

SU24

MaintainAssignmentofAuthorizationObjectstoTransactions

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)->Environment->CheckindicatorSU25

ProfileGenerator:UpgradeandFirstInstallation

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)->Environment->Installation/UpgradeSCUM

CentralUserAdministrationDistributionModelAssignment

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->CentralUserAdministration->LogsforCentralUserAdministration->Environment->ModelSelectionSU53

DisplayCheckObjectifNotAuthorized

System->Utilities->DisplayAuthorizationCheckSU56

AuthorizationsintheUserBufferforLogged-onUser

Tools->Administration->Monitor->UserBufferST01

SystemTrace

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SystemTraceSPAD

SpoolAdministration

Tools->CCMS->Spool->Spooladministration

SP01

Listofspooloroutputrequests

System->Services->OutputcontrollerorTools->CCMS->Spool->OutputcontrollerDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->PerformanceMenu->Database->Tables/IndicesDB15

DataArchiving:DatabaseTables

Tools->Administration->Administration->Archiving->DBtablesAOBJ

Archivingobjectdefinition

RZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->AlertmonitorRZ21

CCMSMonitoringArchitectureCustomizing

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->AlertmonitorSMGW

GatewayMonitor

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->GatewaymonitorSM21

SystemLog

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemlogSM50

WorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->ProcessOverviewSM51

SAPservers

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->ServersSM66

SystemwideWorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->ActiveUsers->AllprocessesSM04

Userlist

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->UserOverviewAL08

UsersLoggedOn

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->ActiveUsers->Users,globalSMLG

MaintainLogonGroups

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->LogongroupsSM12

SelectLockEntries

Tools->Administration->Monitor->LockentriesSM13

UpdateRecords

Tools->Administration->Monitor->UpdateST22

ABAPdumpanalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->DumpanalysisST03

WorkloadAnalysis

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Workload->AnalysisAL11

DisplaySAPDirectories

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAPdirectoriesST11

DisplaySideloperTraces

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SideloperTracesST01

SystemTrace

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SystemTraceST02

TuneSummary

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->PerformanceMenu->Setup/Buffers->BuffersDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->PerformanceMenu->Database->Tables/IndicesDB12

DBBackupMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->BackupLogsDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarST04

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityST06

OperatingSystemMonitor

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->OperatingSystem->local->activity1

系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視1.1

進(jìn)程監(jiān)視§

SM66/SM50進(jìn)程查看管理員需全天監(jiān)看系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行的后臺(tái)工作，有缺陷的報(bào)表程序，若不進(jìn)行控制都將消耗掉大量的系統(tǒng)資源。管理員用這個(gè)事務(wù)碼檢查她們的環(huán)境。當(dāng)然，在殺掉這些進(jìn)程前，需要與最終用戶協(xié)商。1.2

服務(wù)器監(jiān)視§

SM51R/3服務(wù)器的列表可用SM51顯示，管理員用它來監(jiān)視不同服務(wù)器之間的工作進(jìn)程。想要顯示某一服務(wù)器的進(jìn)程，鼠標(biāo)指針點(diǎn)中服務(wù)器的名稱，然后選Processes?！?/p>

RZ20CCMS監(jiān)控雙擊要查看的菜單項(xiàng)，檢查系統(tǒng)收集的監(jiān)控信息，遇到報(bào)警和錯(cuò)誤信息要查清原因，找出解決辦法。1.3

用戶監(jiān)視§

SM04用戶監(jiān)視管理員應(yīng)該考慮全天監(jiān)視用戶僅她們的活動(dòng)。是否有非法用戶？是否有用戶試圖或正在用她們不該用的事務(wù)碼，等等。1.4

性能監(jiān)視§

ST03工作量分析世上沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的替代品。當(dāng)需要調(diào)R/3系統(tǒng)的性能的時(shí)候是很痛苦的事情。管理員應(yīng)該保留盡可能多的工作量分析數(shù)據(jù)，特別是系統(tǒng)沒用性能問題時(shí)候的數(shù)據(jù)。擁有一副系統(tǒng)工作正常時(shí)的清晰的系統(tǒng)圖，將使你具有對(duì)你的系統(tǒng)的不可估量的感覺，這種感覺將使你能預(yù)見到將要發(fā)生的問題，而且很多時(shí)候能夠避免問題的發(fā)生。§

ST02緩存分析R/3的緩存存儲(chǔ)經(jīng)常見到的數(shù)據(jù)，以使本地應(yīng)用服務(wù)器的實(shí)例能取得這些數(shù)據(jù)。這樣就能夠減少數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的訪問，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的負(fù)載，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的流量，從而提高系統(tǒng)的性能。數(shù)據(jù)緩存中包括了ABAP/4程序，屏幕，ABAP/4字典數(shù)據(jù)和公司的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)在系統(tǒng)操作過程中是不會(huì)改變的。我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常的監(jiān)視緩存、點(diǎn)擊率、剩余空間、交換區(qū)。此進(jìn)程能夠幫助管理員作性能調(diào)整?！?/p>

SP12TemSe管理管理員要檢查文件系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)空間的增長(zhǎng)，特別是批量打印大量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)。TemSe的一致性檢查(RSPO0043)需要計(jì)劃每天在打印池重新整理(RSPO0041)之前執(zhí)行。

1.5

更新記錄§

SM13更新記錄此事務(wù)碼顯示失敗的更新動(dòng)作。失敗的更新動(dòng)作在生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中是決不允許發(fā)生的，一旦發(fā)生，開發(fā)人員應(yīng)馬上修改。1.6

鎖定對(duì)象§

SM12鎖定對(duì)象用戶總是會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)的因?yàn)槟撤N原因（如斷線，程序出錯(cuò)等等）而鎖定一個(gè)對(duì)象。所有被鎖定的老的對(duì)象均要被分析，更正。1.7

出錯(cuò)分析§

ST22出錯(cuò)分析當(dāng)一個(gè)報(bào)表或事務(wù)因?yàn)閲?yán)重的錯(cuò)誤而停止工作時(shí)，ABAP/4開發(fā)工作臺(tái)就會(huì)發(fā)出一個(gè)“突然出錯(cuò)”（shortdump）。系統(tǒng)在系統(tǒng)日志中記錄錯(cuò)誤信息，并在表SNAP中記錄程序終止時(shí)的出錯(cuò)信息。管理員需要每天檢查是否有shortdump出現(xiàn)，如果有則分析并試圖解決問題。1.8

系統(tǒng)日志§

SM21系統(tǒng)日日志R/3服務(wù)器在系統(tǒng)日志中記錄系統(tǒng)的事件和問題。所有的警告和錯(cuò)誤信息應(yīng)被分析和解決。此程序應(yīng)包括將問題及其解決方案做成文檔。1.9

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)§

DB13定義DATABASE相關(guān)的日常后臺(tái)job,如：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份，CHECKDATABASE,OBTIMIZERSTATISTICSUPDATE等等，也可查看DATABASE相關(guān)后臺(tái)作業(yè)的LOG.§

DB12SAPDBA日志檢查夜間備份是否成功。檢查日志目錄的剩余空間。§

DB02存儲(chǔ)管理監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)。監(jiān)控表和索引的擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)及碎片的情況。如有必要監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的優(yōu)化統(tǒng)計(jì)?！?/p>

ST02監(jiān)控SAPR/3BUFFER狀況每天監(jiān)控SAPR/3各種BUFFER的命中率，比如:ROLLMEMORY,EXTENDMEMORY,HEAPMEMORY，TABLEBUFFER,ABAPPROGRAMBUFFER等等。

§

ST04數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)性能監(jiān)控每天監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的性能統(tǒng)計(jì)值以觀察數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否處于良好的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。每天監(jiān)控對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)邏輯上和物理上的讀，以追蹤數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)負(fù)載的發(fā)展情況。如：DATABUFFER命中率，SHAREMEMORY命中率等等和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)性能密切相關(guān)的重要參數(shù)值。§

ST06監(jiān)控操作系統(tǒng)資源狀況每天察看ST06用以掌握系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中整個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)資源狀況，如：CPU使用率，內(nèi)存使用率，PAGESPACE使用率等等。

§

AL02數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。1.10

操作系統(tǒng)§

OS06操作系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案?！?/p>

AL16操作系統(tǒng)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。

1.11

網(wǎng)絡(luò)§

ST09/ST08網(wǎng)絡(luò)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。2

工作定時(shí)系統(tǒng)§

SM37工作日志查看管理員應(yīng)該檢查所有被取消的工作，如有必要分析并修正這些工作。問題及其解決方案需記錄在案。管理器應(yīng)該檢查所有的日志，包括輸出列表

§

RZ01圖形化的工作監(jiān)視3

打印系統(tǒng)§

SP01打印需求查看失敗的打印任務(wù)能夠從新啟動(dòng)。這些打印任務(wù)的失敗往往是用戶端的問題（如PC上的SAPLPD程序被關(guān)閉了）。由于R/3系統(tǒng)僅跟蹤打印任務(wù)到目標(biāo)隊(duì)列中，輸出控制器中的已經(jīng)完成的狀態(tài)并不能表明實(shí)際打印成功，因此那些比較重要和大量的打印任務(wù)在被從TemSe中刪除前必須先確認(rèn)是否完成。4

系統(tǒng)變更檢查4.1

DB03數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)修改記錄監(jiān)控所有R/3系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)的修改。管理員要經(jīng)常檢查參數(shù)是否由經(jīng)授權(quán)的的用戶修改。

4.2

TU02R/3系統(tǒng)參數(shù)修改記錄R/3系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控所有R/3系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的修改。即使不是每天檢查，系統(tǒng)管理員人要確認(rèn)參數(shù)的調(diào)整是在艘全的情況下調(diào)整地。4.3

OS03操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)變更R/3系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控所有操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的修改。系統(tǒng)管理員能夠定期檢查參數(shù)的調(diào)整是在授權(quán)的情況下進(jìn)行的。5

常見事務(wù)代碼及菜單路徑Trans-action

Title

MenuPathSM50

WorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitoring-->Systemàmonitoring->ProcessoverviewSM04

UserList

Tools->Administration->Monitoring->Systemmonitoring->UseroverviewAL08

UsersLoggedOn

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->Activeusers->Users,globalSM02

SystemMessages

Tools->Administration->Administration->SystemMessagesAL11

DisplaySAPDirectories

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAPdirectoriesST11

DisplaySideloperTraces

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SideloperTracesSSAA

SystemAdministrationAssistant

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemAdministrationAssistant(SAA)RZ10

MaintenanceofProfileParameters

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->ProfilemaintenanceRZ11

ProfileParameterMaintenance

RZ04

MaintenanceSAPInstances

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Operationmodes/instancesRZ03

Presentation,ControlSAPInstances

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->ControlpanelRZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->AlertMonitorDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarDB24

DatabaseOperationsMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->OperationsMonitorDB20

EditDatabaseStatistics

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->CreatestatisticsDB21

ChangeDBOptimizerControl

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->ConfigurationST04

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexesDB03

ParameterChangesinDB

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ParameterchangesRZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->AlertMonitorDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarDB24

DatabaseOperationsMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->OperationsMonitorDB20

EditDatabaseStatistics

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->CreatestatisticsDB21

ChangeDBOptimizerControl

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->Configuration

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexesDB03

ParameterChangesinDB

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ParameterchangesSM36

Defineanewjob

System->Services->Jobs->DefinejoborTools->CCMS->Jobs->Definition

SM37

Monitorjobs

System->Services->Jobs->JobovervieworTools->CCMS->Jobs->MaintenanceRZ01

Graphicaljobmonitor

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Jobschedul.MonitorSM69

Defineanexternalcommand

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->ExternalCommandsSM49

ExecuteexternalOScommand

Tools->CCMS->Jobs->ExternalCommandsSTMS

TransportManagementSystem

Tools->Administration->Transports->TransportManagementSystemSCC4

ClientMaintenance

Tools->Administration->Administration->ClientAdministration->ClientMaintenanceSCCL

LocalCopy

Tools->Administration->Administration->ClientAdministration->ClientCopy->LocalCopySPRO_ADMIN

ProjectManagement

Tools->AcceleratedSAP->Customizing->ProjectManagementSE10

CustomizingOrganizer

Tools->AcceleratedSAP->Customizing->CustomizingOrganizerSE09

WorkbenchOrganizer

Tools->ABAPWorkbench->Overview->WorkbenchOrganizerSU01

UserMaintenance

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->UsersPFCG

ActivityGroupMaintenance

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)SUIM

CallAUTHReportingTree(InfoSys)

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->Users->Information->InformationSystemSU22

MaintainAssignmentofAuthorizationObjectstoTransactions

SU24

MaintainAssignmentofAuthorizationObjectstoTransactions

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)->Environment->CheckindicatorSU25

ProfileGenerator:UpgradeandFirstInstallation

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)->Environment->Installation/UpgradeSCUM

CentralUserAdministrationDistributionModelAssignment

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->CentralUserAdministration->LogsforCentralUserAdministration->Environment->ModelSelectionSU53

DisplayCheckObjectifNotAuthorized

System->Utilities->DisplayAuthorizationCheckSU56

AuthorizationsintheUserBufferforLogged-onUser

Tools->Administration->Monitor->UserBufferST01

SystemTrace

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SystemTraceSPAD

SpoolAdministration

Tools->CCMS->Spool->Spooladministration

SP01

Listofspooloroutputrequests

System->Services->OutputcontrollerorTools->CCMS->Spool->OutputcontrollerDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->PerformanceMenu->Database->Tables/IndicesDB15

DataArchiving:DatabaseTables

Tools->Administration->Administration->Archiving->DBtablesAOBJ

Archivingobjectdefinition

RZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->AlertmonitorRZ21

CCMSMonitoringArchitectureCustomizing

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->AlertmonitorSMGW

GatewayMonitor

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->GatewaymonitorSM21

SystemLog

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemlogSM50

WorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->ProcessOverviewSM51

SAPservers

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->ServersSM66

SystemwideWorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->ActiveUsers->AllprocessesSM04

Userlist

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemMonitoring->UserOverviewAL08

UsersLoggedOn

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->ActiveUsers->Users,globalSMLG

MaintainLogonGroups

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->LogongroupsSM12

SelectLockEntries

Tools->Administration->Monitor->LockentriesSM13

UpdateRecords

Tools->Administration->Monitor->UpdateST22

ABAPdumpanalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->DumpanalysisST03

WorkloadAnalysis

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Workload->AnalysisAL11

DisplaySAPDirectories

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAPdirectoriesST11

DisplaySideloperTraces

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SideloperTracesST01

SystemTrace

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SystemTraceST02

TuneSummary

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->PerformanceMenu->Setup/Buffers->BuffersDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->PerformanceMenu->Database->Tables/IndicesDB12

DBBackupMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->BackupLogsDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarST04

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityST06

OperatingSystemMonitor

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->OperatingSystem->local->activity1

系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視1.1

進(jìn)程監(jiān)視§

SM66/SM50進(jìn)程查看管理員需全天監(jiān)看系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)程。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行的后臺(tái)工作，有缺陷的報(bào)表程序，若不進(jìn)行控制都將消耗掉大量的系統(tǒng)資源。管理員用這個(gè)事務(wù)碼檢查她們的環(huán)境。當(dāng)然，在殺掉這些進(jìn)程前，需要與最終用戶協(xié)商。1.2

服務(wù)器監(jiān)視§

SM51R/3服務(wù)器的列表可用SM51顯示，管理員用它來監(jiān)視不同服務(wù)器之間的工作進(jìn)程。想要顯示某一服務(wù)器的進(jìn)程，鼠標(biāo)指針點(diǎn)中服務(wù)器的名稱，然后選Processes?！?/p>

RZ20CCMS監(jiān)控雙擊要查看的菜單項(xiàng)，檢查系統(tǒng)收集的監(jiān)控信息，遇到報(bào)警和錯(cuò)誤信息要查清原因，找出解決辦法。1.3

用戶監(jiān)視§

SM04用戶監(jiān)視管理員應(yīng)該考慮全天監(jiān)視用戶僅她們的活動(dòng)。是否有非法用戶？是否有用戶試圖或正在用她們不該用的事務(wù)碼，等等。1.4

性能監(jiān)視§

ST03工作量分析世上沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的替代品。當(dāng)需要調(diào)R/3系統(tǒng)的性能的時(shí)候是很痛苦的事情。管理員應(yīng)該保留盡可能多的工作量分析數(shù)據(jù)，特別是系統(tǒng)沒用性能問題時(shí)候的數(shù)據(jù)。擁有一副系統(tǒng)工作正常時(shí)的清晰的系統(tǒng)圖，將使你具有對(duì)你的系統(tǒng)的不可估量的感覺，這種感覺將使你能預(yù)見到將要發(fā)生的問題，而且很多時(shí)候能夠避免問題的發(fā)生。§

ST02緩存分析R/3的緩存存儲(chǔ)經(jīng)常見到的數(shù)據(jù)，以使本地應(yīng)用服務(wù)器的實(shí)例能取得這些數(shù)據(jù)。這樣就能夠減少數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的訪問，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的負(fù)載，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的流量，從而提高系統(tǒng)的性能。數(shù)據(jù)緩存中包括了ABAP/4程序，屏幕，ABAP/4字典數(shù)據(jù)和公司的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)在系統(tǒng)操作過程中是不會(huì)改變的。我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常的監(jiān)視緩存、點(diǎn)擊率、剩余空間、交換區(qū)。此進(jìn)程能夠幫助管理員作性能調(diào)整?！?/p>

SP12TemSe管理管理員要檢查文件系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)空間的增長(zhǎng)，特別是批量打印大量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)。TemSe的一致性檢查(RSPO0043)需要計(jì)劃每天在打印池重新整理(RSPO0041)之前執(zhí)行。

1.5

更新記錄§

SM13更新記錄此事務(wù)碼顯示失敗的更新動(dòng)作。失敗的更新動(dòng)作在生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中是決不允許發(fā)生的，一旦發(fā)生，開發(fā)人員應(yīng)馬上修改。1.6

鎖定對(duì)象§

SM12鎖定對(duì)象用戶總是會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)的因?yàn)槟撤N原因（如斷線，程序出錯(cuò)等等）而鎖定一個(gè)對(duì)象。所有被鎖定的老的對(duì)象均要被分析，更正。1.7

出錯(cuò)分析§

ST22出錯(cuò)分析當(dāng)一個(gè)報(bào)表或事務(wù)因?yàn)閲?yán)重的錯(cuò)誤而停止工作時(shí)，ABAP/4開發(fā)工作臺(tái)就會(huì)發(fā)出一個(gè)“突然出錯(cuò)”（shortdump）。系統(tǒng)在系統(tǒng)日志中記錄錯(cuò)誤信息，并在表SNAP中記錄程序終止時(shí)的出錯(cuò)信息。管理員需要每天檢查是否有shortdump出現(xiàn)，如果有則分析并試圖解決問題。1.8

系統(tǒng)日志§

SM21系統(tǒng)日日志R/3服務(wù)器在系統(tǒng)日志中記錄系統(tǒng)的事件和問題。所有的警告和錯(cuò)誤信息應(yīng)被分析和解決。此程序應(yīng)包括將問題及其解決方案做成文檔。1.9

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)§

DB13定義DATABASE相關(guān)的日常后臺(tái)job,如：數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份，CHECKDATABASE,OBTIMIZERSTATISTICSUPDATE等等，也可查看DATABASE相關(guān)后臺(tái)作業(yè)的LOG.§

DB12SAPDBA日志檢查夜間備份是否成功。檢查日志目錄的剩余空間?！?/p>

DB02存儲(chǔ)管理監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)。監(jiān)控表和索引的擴(kuò)長(zhǎng)及碎片的情況。如有必要監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的優(yōu)化統(tǒng)計(jì)?！?/p>

ST02監(jiān)控SAPR/3BUFFER狀況每天監(jiān)控SAPR/3各種BUFFER的命中率，比如:ROLLMEMORY,EXTENDMEMORY,HEAPMEMORY，TABLEBUFFER,ABAPPROGRAMBUFFER等等。

§

ST04數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)性能監(jiān)控每天監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的性能統(tǒng)計(jì)值以觀察數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否處于良好的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。每天監(jiān)控對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)邏輯上和物理上的讀，以追蹤數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)負(fù)載的發(fā)展情況。如：DATABUFFER命中率，SHAREMEMORY命中率等等和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)性能密切相關(guān)的重要參數(shù)值?！?/p>

ST06監(jiān)控操作系統(tǒng)資源狀況每天察看ST06用以掌握系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中整個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)資源狀況，如：CPU使用率，內(nèi)存使用率，PAGESPACE使用率等等。

§

AL02數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。1.10

操作系統(tǒng)§

OS06操作系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。§

AL16操作系統(tǒng)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。

1.11

網(wǎng)絡(luò)§

ST09/ST08網(wǎng)絡(luò)警報(bào)監(jiān)視所有的警告均需被分析，修正和記錄在案。2

工作定時(shí)系統(tǒng)§

SM37工作日志查看管理員應(yīng)該檢查所有被取消的工作，如有必要分析并修正這些工作。問題及其解決方案需記錄在案。管理器應(yīng)該檢查所有的日志，包括輸出列表

§

RZ01圖形化的工作監(jiān)視3

打印系統(tǒng)§

SP01打印需求查看失敗的打印任務(wù)能夠從新啟動(dòng)。這些打印任務(wù)的失敗往往是用戶端的問題（如PC上的SAPLPD程序被關(guān)閉了）。由于R/3系統(tǒng)僅跟蹤打印任務(wù)到目標(biāo)隊(duì)列中，輸出控制器中的已經(jīng)完成的狀態(tài)并不能表明實(shí)際打印成功，因此那些比較重要和大量的打印任務(wù)在被從TemSe中刪除前必須先確認(rèn)是否完成。4

系統(tǒng)變更檢查4.1

DB03數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)修改記錄監(jiān)控所有R/3系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)的修改。管理員要經(jīng)常檢查參數(shù)是否由經(jīng)授權(quán)的的用戶修改。

4.2

TU02R/3系統(tǒng)參數(shù)修改記錄R/3系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控所有R/3系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的修改。即使不是每天檢查，系統(tǒng)管理員人要確認(rèn)參數(shù)的調(diào)整是在艘全的情況下調(diào)整地。4.3

OS03操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)變更R/3系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控所有操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的修改。系統(tǒng)管理員能夠定期檢查參數(shù)的調(diào)整是在授權(quán)的情況下進(jìn)行的。5

常見事務(wù)代碼及菜單路徑Trans-action

Title

MenuPathSM50

WorkProcessOverview

Tools->Administration->Monitoring-->Systemàmonitoring->ProcessoverviewSM04

UserList

Tools->Administration->Monitoring->Systemmonitoring->UseroverviewAL08

UsersLoggedOn

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Exceptions/Users->Activeusers->Users,globalSM02

SystemMessages

Tools->Administration->Administration->SystemMessagesAL11

DisplaySAPDirectories

Tools->CCMS->ControlMonitoring->PerformanceMenu->Exceptions/Users->Exceptions->SAPdirectoriesST11

DisplaySideloperTraces

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Traces->SideloperTracesSSAA

SystemAdministrationAssistant

Tools->Administration->Monitor->SystemAdministrationAssistant(SAA)RZ10

MaintenanceofProfileParameters

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->ProfilemaintenanceRZ11

ProfileParameterMaintenance

RZ04

MaintenanceSAPInstances

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->Operationmodes/instancesRZ03

Presentation,ControlSAPInstances

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->ControlpanelRZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->AlertMonitorDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarDB24

DatabaseOperationsMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->OperationsMonitorDB20

EditDatabaseStatistics

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->CreatestatisticsDB21

ChangeDBOptimizerControl

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->ConfigurationST04

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexesDB03

ParameterChangesinDB

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ParameterchangesRZ20

CCMSMonitoring

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->AlertMonitorDB13

DBAPlanningCalender

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->DBAPlanningCalendarDB24

DatabaseOperationsMonitor

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->OperationsMonitorDB20

EditDatabaseStatistics

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->CreatestatisticsDB21

ChangeDBOptimizerControl

Tools->CCMS->DBAdministration->Cost-basedoptimizer->Configuration

DBPerformanceAnalysis

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ActivityDB02

AnalyzeTablesandIndices

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->Tables/indexesDB03

ParameterChangesinDB

Tools->Administration->Monitor->Performance->Database->ParameterchangesSM36

Defineanewjob

System->Services->Jobs->DefinejoborTools->CCMS->Jobs->Definition

SM37

Monitorjobs

System->Services->Jobs->JobovervieworTools->CCMS->Jobs->MaintenanceRZ01

Graphicaljobmonitor

Tools->CCMS->Control/Monitoring->Jobschedul.MonitorSM69

Defineanexternalcommand

Tools->CCMS->Configuration->ExternalCommandsSM49

ExecuteexternalOScommand

Tools->CCMS->Jobs->ExternalCommandsSTMS

TransportManagementSystem

Tools->Administration->Transports->TransportManagementSystemSCC4

ClientMaintenance

Tools->Administration->Administration->ClientAdministration->ClientMaintenanceSCCL

LocalCopy

Tools->Administration->Administration->ClientAdministration->ClientCopy->LocalCopySPRO_ADMIN

ProjectManagement

Tools->AcceleratedSAP->Customizing->ProjectManagementSE10

CustomizingOrganizer

Tools->AcceleratedSAP->Customizing->CustomizingOrganizerSE09

WorkbenchOrganizer

Tools->ABAPWorkbench->Overview->WorkbenchOrganizerSU01

UserMaintenance

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->UsersPFCG

ActivityGroupMaintenance

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)SUIM

CallAUTHReportingTree(InfoSys)

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->Users->Information->InformationSystemSU22

MaintainAssignmentofAuthorizationObjectstoTransactions

SU24

MaintainAssignmentofAuthorizationObjectstoTransactions

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)->Environment->CheckindicatorSU25

ProfileGenerator:UpgradeandFirstInstallation

Tools->Administration->UserMaintenance->ActivityGroups(UserRoles)->Environment->I