河南省豫南名校2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高二期末英語(yǔ)試題考生注意:1.本試卷共150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.請(qǐng)將各題答案填寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onaship. B.Onaplane. C.Onabus.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.IamAmanda.Iwillprovidetheserviceforyou.Welcomeaboard!M:I’vegotseatA6,butIdon’twanttositoverthewingbecauseIcannotseetheviewoutside.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whichplacedoesthewomanwanttogoto?A.Abank. B.Apark. C.Ahotel.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:CanIgettotheSheratonHotelfromhereonfoot?M:Sure.It’snotfar.JustgotofourthAvenue.TurnrightatthebankonMainStreet.Itisonyourright,nearthepark.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howmuchdidthemanpayfortheicecream?A.$1. B.$9. C.$10.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Thatwasexpensive.Ionlygotonedollarchange.WhenIwasyoung,evenfivedollarswouldhavebeenacrazypriceforanicecream.W:Yougavehimtendollars?Surely,hehasmadeamistake.Gobackandask.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthewomangototheartschool?A.Todopart-timework.B.Totakepaintingclass.C.Topickuphergrandma.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Susan,Iheardyouaretakingpaintingclassnow.W:No.It’snottrue.Ioftengototheartschoolbecausemygrandmaistakingacoursethere.Ineedtotakeherhomeinmycar.That’swhysomepeoplethinkI’mtakingclasstherenow.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwant?A.Somethingtoeat. B.Somethingtowash. C.Theman’sfridge.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ifeelhungry,Dario.Doyouhaveanyfoodinyourfridge?M:IthinkthereisonlyabottleofCokeinthefridge.IwassobusylastweekthatIdidn’thavetimetogotothesupermarket.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下對(duì)話。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thebrokenfrontdoor.B.Thebadconditionofthehouse.C.Thewoman’sopiniononthehouseowner.7.Whathappenedyesterday?AThewoman’scatgotlost.B.Patcametothehousetoreplacethepipe.C.Themanspeakercameintothehousesecretly.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Susan,how’sitgoing?W:Terrible.I’mreallyunhappyatPatthehouseowner.Heoftencomesintothehousewithouttellingme.WhenIcamehomeyesterday,thefrontdoorwaswideopen.Patwaschangingthepipe,buthedidn’teventellme.M:Atleasthefixedthepipe.W:Butit’sterriblenotknowingwhenPatisgoingtoshowup.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下對(duì)話。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whydoesthewomanrefusetobuythejackets?A.Theydon’tfither.B.Shedoesn’tneedone.C.Shefindsthemexpensive.9.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheskirts?A.Satisfied. B.Disappointed. C.Uninterested.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】M:Doyouneedanything,madam?Wehavesomenewjackets.They’reonly$90.W:Oh,they’rereallynice,but$90isalotofmoney.M:Well,whatabouttheseskirts?Oh,look,they’rebeautifulonyou.W:Um...theyreallyare.Howmucharethey?M:They’re$80.No,wait.They’reonsale,50%off.W:50%off?Oh,itlooksgoodonmeandIneedaskirt.OK,I’lltakeone.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下對(duì)話。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whatisthewoman’strouble?A.Shelacksfashionableclothes.B.Shearguedwithherclassmate.C.Shehasdifficultygettingajob.11.Whatdothewoman’sparentswanthertodo?A.Getapart-timejob.B.Buysomenewclothes.C.Spendmoretimeonherstudy.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisthesamesizeashersister.B.Shewillhaveatalkwithherparents.C.Shedoesn’twanttowearhersister’sclothes.【答案】10.A11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Oh,Dennis,whatshouldIdo?M:What’swrong,Julia?W:IdonothavecoolclothesfortheTalentShownextweek.Myclothesareoutofstyle.M:Whynotbuysomenewclothes?W:Idon’thaveenoughmoney.M:Maybeyoucouldgetapart-timejobinyourfreetime.W:No,Ican’t.Myparentswantmetospendmoretimeonmystudy.SoIarguedwiththem.M:Oh,youshouldn’targuewithyourparents.Youshouldtalktothem.Hey,Julia,whydon’tyouborrowsomefromyoursister?Ithinkyoutwoarethesamesize.W:That’strue.Butmysisterdoesn’twantmetowearherclothes.Shewantstobeoriginal.SoIhadanargumentwithhertoo.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下對(duì)話。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.HowdomostpeopleintheUnitedStatesgettheirnews?A.Fromtheradio. B.Fromthenetwork. C.Fromthenewspaper.14.Whichcountryhasthelargestgroupofnewspaperreaders?A.France. B.Japan. C.Italy.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthearticle?A.Alittleboring. B.Quiteconfusing. C.Veryinteresting.16.Intheman’sopinion,whogetnewsbyradio?A.Hisgrandparents. B.Hisparents. C.Hischildren.【答案】13.B14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Ireadaninterestingarticletheotherday.Ithadalotofdataonhowpeoplegettheirnews.DidyouknowthatintheUnitedStates,only5%ofpeoplegettheirnewsfromtheradio?M:Thatmakessense.Ionlylistentomusicontheradio.Aremostpeoplegettingtheirnewsfromthenewspaperortelevisioninstead?W:Only1%ofpeoplegetitfromnewspapers.MostpeoplegetitfromtheInternetactually.M:Wow,really?Iwouldhavethoughtthatpeoplepreferredgettingnewsfromthetelevision.Whataboutothercountries?Aretheythesame?W:Well,thearticlespokeaboutafewcountries.France,GermanyandItalyactuallyhavethehighestratesoftelevisionnewswatchers.Ofthoseinthestudy,Japanhadthemostnewspaperreaders.M:ThearticleisreallyinterestingIdon’tthinkIknowasinglepersonofouragewholistenstoradionewseither.Mygrandparentsandtheirgenerationaretheoneswhogrewupwiththat.W:It’samazinghowourtechnologyhaschangedmanythingsaboutdaytodaylife.Ibetinonehundredyears,peoplewillgettheirnewsfromsomethingwecan’tevendreamof.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下對(duì)話。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whichplacedoesthespeakerlikebest?A.BigBen. B.TowerBridge. C.TheTowerofLondon.18.WhoisJeanLouismostprobably?A.Thespeakerssister. B.Thespeaker’sfriend. C.Thespeaker’stourguide19.HowoldarethehousesinStratford?A.About500years. B.About1,000years. C.About1,500years.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethemessage?A.TosharehistripontheInternet.B.Tointroducegreatplacestotourists.C.TotalkaboutthehistoryofLondon.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,everyone!Welcometomyblog.HereisthemessageIpromisedyou.Inthelastthreedays,I,togetherwithmyfriends,wastakenaroundLondoninabus.Itwasfantastic.IsawBigBen,thelionsinTrafalgarSquare,TowerBridgeandtheTowerofLondon.TheTowerofLondonismyfavouriteplacebecauseitisaboutathousandyearsold.ItissaidthattherearelotsofghostswalkingaroundbutIdidn’tseeany!WealsosawallthestatuesoffamouspeopleatMadameTussauds.Thatwasfunny.JeanLouistookaphotographofmestandingnexttoQueenElizabeththeSecond.Tomorrowwe’regoingtoStratfordonAvonwhereShakespearewasborn.Andwe’regoingtoseeoneofhisplays.It’scalledHamlet.TherearethreetheatresinStratfordandwearegoingtoseeitintheRoyalShakespeareTheatre.OurteachertoldusthehousesinStratfordareaboutfivehundredyearsoldandthecountrysideisbeautiful,soI’lltakelotsofphotostoshowyou.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASomeoftheMostFamousModernArchitecturesBarcelonaPavilion(Barcelona,Spain,1929)Acantilevered(懸臂式的)roofisthedesignofBarcelonaPavilion.Althoughitwasquitesmall,thearchitectdidhisbesttouseluxuriousmaterials.Oneofthefamouspiecesoffurniture,speciallycreatedforthebuilding,istheBarcelonachair.VillaDirickz(Brussels,Belgium,1933)VillaDirickzhaseye-catchingblockyfeatures,glassworksandwhiteconcretesurroundedbygreenery.Thevillaisequippedwithadvancedfacilitieslikeacinema.Itwasignoredtilladeveloperboughtitin2007anddevotedallpossibleresourcestoitsrepairs.IsokonBuilding(London,UK,1934)Thebuilding,consistingof32apartments,isstillinusetoday.Italsoincludesstaffroomsandalargegarage.Theapartmentshaveasharedkitchenforpeopletopreparefoodfreely.Asharedgalleryisbuiltinthegaragetotellpeopleaboutthehistoryofthebuilding.NeueNationalGalerie(Berlin,Germany,1968)Themuseumhostsanartcollectionthatdatesbacktotheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.Itstypicalmodernistdesignincludesacantileveredroofandflatappearances.Thebuildingissurroundedbyasculpturedlandscape.21.WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelonaPavilion?A.ItliesinBelgium. B.Itfeaturesitsroof.C.Itissurroundedbysculptures. D.ItisSpain’ssmallestarchitecture.22.WhatcanpeopledoinIsokonBuilding?A.Seemoviestogether. B.Liveinthegarageforfree.C.Cookfood. D.Buyartcollections.23.Whicharchitecturehastheshortesthistory?A.BarcelonaPavilion. B.VillaDirickz.C.IsokonBuilding. D.NeueNationalGalerie.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)最著名的現(xiàn)代建筑?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Acantilevered(懸臂式的)roofisthedesignofBarcelonaPavilion.Althoughitwasquitesmall,thearchitectdidhisbesttouseluxuriousmaterials.(懸臂式屋頂是巴塞羅那館的設(shè)計(jì)。雖然它很小，但建筑師還是盡力使用了豪華的材料。)”可知，BarcelonaPavilion的特色是屋頂。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theapartmentshaveasharedkitchenforpeopletopreparefoodfreely.(這些公寓有一個(gè)共享的廚房，供人們免費(fèi)準(zhǔn)備食物)”可知，人們?cè)贗sokonBuilding可以烹飪食物。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)各段小標(biāo)題可知，BarcelonaPavilion建于1929；VillaDirickz建于1933；IsokonBuilding建于1934；NeueNationalGalerie建于1968；故NeueNationalGalerie歷史最短。故選D。BTodayisMother’sDay.Allthechildrenhavepreparedamusicalselectiontosingfortheirmoms.Mydad,whoisateacherataprimaryschool,ishelpinganautistic(自閉癥)10-year-oldboyholdlongenoughforthesingingtoend.Mydadholdstheboy’shandtightly,andthenfinallyencourageshimtofinishthesinging.Suddenlytheboybitesmydad’shand,rushestothefrontofthestand,anddramaticallycries,“Thatmantriestocontrolme!”Myfatherfeelssurprisedandisataloss.We’veallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourownchildrenbeennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyecontactwiththerestoftheworld?Obviouslynoteveryoutbreakhappensatschool.Thereareplentyofstoriesinthesuper-market.Once,Itookmy3-year-oldchildtoseeafunnymoviebutwehadtoleaveearlybecauseofhisnoise.Anothertime,Ilookedhelplesslyupatthefast-foodworkerwhomychildjustcalled“fat”.Iblamedhimasusual.What’sthepointintellingthesestories?Sothenexttimeyourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.Andwhenyournephewstartsrunningupanddowntheaislesatchurch,youcanchaseafterhimwithconfidence,rememberingtosay,“Youarerunningsofastbutpleaseslowdown!”Andwhenitseemslikeallthatanyonehastoofferiscriticism,justrememberthatyouarenotalone.We’vealllivedthroughthesameexperiences.Mostofusunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough.No,Idon’thavemuchadvice.Justabig“thankyou”forallthemoms,dads,uncles,auntsandfriendswhohaveandknownaughtychildren.Keepgoing—youaredoingagreatjob.24Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingassumptions. D.Bymakingacomparison.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkparentsshoulddowhentheirboysarenaughty?A.Dealwiththemcalmly. B.Beatthemrightaway.C.Criticizethemseriously. D.Asktheteacherstoquietthem.26.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetopeoplewhounderstandnaughtychildren?A.Doubtful. B.Surprised. C.Grateful. D.Negative.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Publicmanners. B.Childeducation. C.Musicinspiration. D.Entertainingstories.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了孩子調(diào)皮，讓父母為難的情況，作者通過舉例子來說明父母應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況以及感謝所有對(duì)此理解的人們?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TodayisMother’sDay.Allthechildrenhavepreparedamusicalselectiontosingfortheirmoms.Mydad,whoisateacherataprimaryschool,ishelpinganautistic10-year-oldboyholdlongenoughforthesingingtoend.Mydadholdstheboy’shandtightly,andthenfinallyencourageshimtofinishthesinging.Suddenlytheboybitesmydad’shand,rushestothefrontofthestand,anddramaticallycries,“Thatmantriestocontrolme!”Myfatherfeelssurprisedandisataloss.We’veallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourownchildrenbeennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyecontactwiththerestoftheworld?(今天是母親節(jié)。所有的孩子都準(zhǔn)備了一套音樂選曲，要唱給媽媽聽。我的父親是一名小學(xué)老師，他正在幫助一個(gè)患有自閉癥的10歲男孩堅(jiān)持到歌聲結(jié)束。爸爸緊緊地握著男孩的手，最后鼓勵(lì)他唱完。突然，那個(gè)男孩咬了我爸爸的手，沖到臺(tái)前，戲劇性地喊道：“那個(gè)男人想要控制我！”我的父親感到驚訝和不知所措。我們都有過這樣的經(jīng)歷。有多少次，我們自己的孩子調(diào)皮搗蛋，讓我們別無選擇，只能搖頭，避免與外界的目光接觸？)”結(jié)合下文講述孩子的教育這個(gè)主題可推知，作者通過舉自閉癥男孩的例子來引入文章主題。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sothenexttimeyourchildmakesnoiseinpublic,instead,youcanjustsmile,tryingtoquiethimorher.(所以，下次你的孩子在公共場(chǎng)合制造噪音時(shí)，你可以只微笑，試著讓他或她安靜下來。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)孩子淘氣的時(shí)候父母應(yīng)該冷靜應(yīng)對(duì)。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Justabig“thankyou”forallthemoms,dads,uncles,auntsandfriendswhohaveandknownaughtychildren.Keepgoing—youaredoingagreatjob.(感謝所有的有并且了解頑皮的孩子的媽媽、爸爸、叔叔、阿姨和朋友。繼續(xù)前進(jìn)——你們做得很好。)”可推知，作者對(duì)理解頑皮孩子的人充滿感激。故選C。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“We’veallbeenthere.Howmanytimeshaveourownchildrenbeennaughty,makingushavenochoicebuttoshakeourheadsandavoideyecontactwiththerestoftheworld?(我們都有過這樣的經(jīng)歷。有多少次，我們自己的孩子調(diào)皮搗蛋，讓我們別無選擇，只能搖頭，避免與外界的目光接觸？)”結(jié)合文章主要論述了孩子調(diào)皮，讓父母為難的情況，作者通過舉例子來說明父母應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況以及感謝所有對(duì)此理解的人們。可知，文章主要說明了孩子的教育問題。故選B。CMargotdoesn’thaveagarbagecan.Itdoesn’tneedonebecauseMargotsimplydoesn’tcauseanythingtogetthrownaway.Therestaurantdoesn’tallowanytypeofsingleuseplastic.Margot,whichopenedlastyear,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingrestaurantsaroundtheworldaimingtoavoidnotonlyfoodleftovers,butalsoanygarbage.“Foodwastehasbeenincreasingasanissueforrestaurantsoverthelast10years,”saysCalvinBrown.HerunstheSustainableRestaurantAssociation.BasedintheUnitedKingdom,theorganizationhelpsfoodbusinessbecomemoreenvironmentallyresponsible.Hesaysthatfoodwastecontributestoreleasingthegreenhousegas,sothereisstrongmotivationtoreducewasteandhelptheenvironment.IntheUSA,foodwasteandpackingaccountfornearlyhalfofthematerialsenttolandfills.RestaurantsfromMcDonald’stoStarbucksareaddressingthisissuewith“nostrawMondays”andlimitsonsingle-servingplastic,butahandfulofrestaurateursaretryingtogetridofrubbishentirely.There’salsoeconomiccasetobemadeforwastereduction.Onestudyshowsthatrestaurantssavesevendollarsforeverydollarinvestedinanti-wastemethods.Avoidingfoodwasteisthefirstandperhapsmostobviouschallengeforsustainablerestaurants.DougMcMaster,chefatSiloinLondon,onlyservesasetmenu.Thisremovestheworrythatoneparticularitemwon’tsellwell,andwillspoilintherefrigerator.Compost(堆肥)isanecessityaswell.Nolla(meaning“zero”inFinnish)inHelsinki,Finlandisgivingcomposttoitssuppliersaswellasitsdiners.Nollaalsohasfood-trackingsoftwaremorecommonlyusedamongcorporatefoodservicecompaniestokeeptrackofwhatsellsandwhatrots.Sometimesrestaurantscallthemselvesenvironmentallyfriendly,buttheymightjustbeusingthelabel.Calvinofferssomepointersonwhattolookfortomakesurearestaurantistrulycommittedtosustainability.28.WhatdoesMargotfeature?A.Itslargesize. B.Itsopeninghours.C.Itszero-wastegoal. D.Itsplasticgarbagecans.29.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waysofpackagingfood.B.Theissueofinvestinginservices.C.Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.D.Effortsofsomerestaurantstoreducerubbish,30.WhichofthefollowingdoesNollatrytodo?A.Onlyserveasetmenu.B.Hardlyuserefrigerators.C.Supplycomposttoitscustomers.D.Keeptrackofdiners’preferences.31.WhatdoesCalvinthinkrestaurantsshoulddo?A.Expandfoodbusiness.B.Useeco-friendlylabels.C.Savemoneyondealingwithkitchengarbage.D.Contributetosustainabledevelopmentofthefoodindustry.【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界各地的餐飲業(yè)在減少食物垃圾方面為食品業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展所做出的努力。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Itdoesn’tneedonebecauseMargotsimplydoesn’tcauseanythingtogetthrownaway.Therestaurantdoesn’tallowanytypeofsingleuseplastic.Margot,whichopenedlastyear,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingrestaurantsaroundtheworldaimingtoavoidnotonlyfoodleftovers,butalsoanygarbage.(它不需要垃圾桶，因?yàn)镸argot根本不會(huì)導(dǎo)致任何東西被扔掉。這家餐廳不允許使用任何類型的一次性塑料。去年開業(yè)的Margot是世界上小型但不斷增長(zhǎng)的餐廳之一，不僅旨在避免剩菜，也旨在避免任何垃圾。)可知Margot的特點(diǎn)是它的零浪費(fèi)的目標(biāo)。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“RestaurantsfromMcDonald’stoStarbucksareaddressingthisissuewith“nostrawMondays”andlimitsonsingle-servingplastic,butahandfulofrestaurateursaretryingtogetridofrubbishentirely.There’salsoeconomiccasetobemadeforwastereduction.Onestudyshowsthatrestaurantssavesevendollarsforeverydollarinvestedinanti-wastemethods.(從麥當(dāng)勞到星巴克，許多餐館都在用“星期一沒有吸管”和對(duì)一次性塑料的限制來解決這個(gè)問題，而一些餐館老板正試圖完全清除垃圾。減少浪費(fèi)也有經(jīng)濟(jì)理由。一項(xiàng)研究表明，餐館在反浪費(fèi)方法上每投資1美元，就能節(jié)省7美元。)”可知文章第三段主要講的是一些餐館在減少垃圾方面所做出的努力。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Compost(堆肥)isanecessityaswell.Nolla(meaning“zero”inFinnish)inHelsinki,Finlandisgivingcomposttoitssuppliersaswellasitsdiners.Nollaalsohasfood-trackingsoftwaremorecommonlyusedamongcorporatefoodservicecompaniestokeeptrackofwhatsellsandwhatrots.(堆肥也是一種必需。芬蘭赫爾辛基的Nolla(芬蘭的意思是“零”)正在為其供應(yīng)商和食客提供堆肥。)”可知Nolla努力提供堆肥給它的顧客。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Hesaysthatfoodwastecontributestoreleasingthegreenhousegas,sothereisstrongmotivationtoreducewasteandhelptheenvironment.(他說，食物浪費(fèi)導(dǎo)致釋放溫室氣體，所以我們有強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)力來減少浪費(fèi)和幫助環(huán)境。)”以及最后一段“Calvinofferssomepointersonwhattolookfortomakesurearestaurantistrulycommittedtosustainability.(Calvin就如何確保一家餐廳真正致力于可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了一些建議。)可知Calvin認(rèn)為餐廳應(yīng)該對(duì)食品工業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。DTheScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil(STFC)andUniversityofCentralLanca-shire(UCLan)sharefindingsofaprojecttoimprovestudentengagementwithscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM).It’slongbeenacknowledgedthatstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsareunder-representedinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.Now,researchconductedbyUCLanandfundedbySTFCshowsthecausesofthisproblemandpointstoinnovativesolutions.TheBlackpoolPhysics;Inspire,Engage,Research(PIER)projectfoundthatprimaryschoolchildrenfromlowsocio-economicareasarejustasinterestedinsciencebutlackknowledgeaboutpossiblesciencecareers.ThePIERprojectisfollowingagroupofpupilsastheyprogressfromGrade6toGrade9,usingsurveys,interviewsandotherassessmentstomeasureinterestinscience.Theseinitialfindingssuggestthatattemptstoincreasescienceparticipationamongyoungpeopleshouldnotsimplypromotethesubjectas“fun”or“interesting”.Instead,greaterimpactcouldbeachievedbydemonstratingclearlyhowsciencecanopenpossiblefuturecareeropportunities.Manyofthepupilstakingpartinthestudyunderstoodthatstudyingsciencecouldbeusefulbutfewcouldexplainwhy,suggestinganeedforgreatereducationaboutSTEMcareers.Aswellasbroadeningourunderstandingoftheissue,thePIERprojectissolvingtheproblemheadon.Theteamhascarriedoutavarietyofactivitieseachyearfortheparticipants,including“meetthescientists”events,tripstoUCLan’sAlstonObservatoryaswellasfamilyscienceeventsatschool.LeadResearcherandSTFCFellowinPublicEngagement,ProfessorRobertWalsh,said,“Muchgovernmentpolicytowardsboostingscienceinhighereducationfocusesonanassumedlackofinterestanddesireinlow-socioeconomicgroups.”However,theenthusiasmisalreadythereandthis“hiddenscienceidentity”needstoberevealedandtranslatedintoreal-lifeprospectsfortheseyoungpeople.We’rerecommendingthatprogramsinsteadallowyoungpeopletoexploretheirscienceidentitymorefullyandprovideinnovativewaystodiscoverthejobsthatstudyingsciencemayleadto.32.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutpoorstudents?A.TheyhavenointerestinSTEMcareers.B.Theyarenotengagedenoughinscience.C.Theyaremorerepresentativeofscience.D.Theyhavemanycharacterdisadvantages.33.WhatdoesthePIERprojectpaymoreattentionto?A.Assessingpupils’performance.B.Increasingthesurveysofpupils.C.Demonstratingthepotentialvalueofscience.D.Promotingthesubjectas“fun”or“interesting”.34.Whydoestheteamconductvariousactivities?A.Toboostsciencedevelopment.B.Tomeetthepupils’needsforschoolevents.C.Topromoteteachingrelatedcareers’development.D.Toimprovestudents’understandingofSTEMcareers.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatIstheDefinitionofPIER?B.IncreasePupils’LearningAwarenessC.HowDoesthePIERProjectComeintoBeing?D.ThePIERProjectHelpsPoorPupilsEngageinScience【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為了幫助來自貧窮地區(qū)學(xué)生更多參與對(duì)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)的參與度而展開的ThePIER項(xiàng)目。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’slongbeenacknowledgedthatstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsareunder-representedinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.(長(zhǎng)期以來，人們一直認(rèn)為，來自弱勢(shì)背景的學(xué)生在科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的代表性不足。)”可知人們通常認(rèn)為一些弱勢(shì)背景的學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)的參與度不夠。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theseinitialfindingssuggestthatattemptstoincreasescienceparticipationamongyoungpeopleshouldnotsimplypromotethesubjectas“fun”or“interesting”.Instead,greaterimpactcouldbeachievedbydemonstratingclearlyhowsciencecanopenpossiblefuturecareeropportunities.(這些初步發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，增加年輕人科學(xué)參與的嘗試不應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)單地將這一主題推廣為“令人愉快的”或“有趣的”。相反，通過清楚地展示科學(xué)如何打開未來可能的職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，可以獲得更大的影響。)可知PIER項(xiàng)目將注意力更多地放在去展示科學(xué)的潛在價(jià)值上。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Manyofthepupilstakingpartinthestudyunderstoodthatstudyingsciencecouldbeusefulbutfewcouldexplainwhy,suggestinganeedforgreatereducationaboutSTEMcareers.Aswellasbroadeningourunderstandingoftheissue,thePIERprojectissolvingtheproblemheadon.Theteamhascarriedoutavarietyofactivitieseachyearfortheparticipants,including“meetthescientists”events,tripstoUCLan’sAlstonObservatoryaswellasfamilyscienceeventsatschool.(許多參與這項(xiàng)研究的學(xué)生理解學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)可能很有用，但很少有人能解釋為什么，這表明需要對(duì)STEM職業(yè)進(jìn)行更多的教育。除了擴(kuò)大我們對(duì)這個(gè)問題的理解外，PIER項(xiàng)目也在正面解決這個(gè)問題。該團(tuán)隊(duì)每年為參與者開展各種活動(dòng)，包括“與科學(xué)家見面”活動(dòng)、前往烏克蘭的奧爾斯頓天文臺(tái)以及在學(xué)校舉辦的家庭科學(xué)活動(dòng)。)”可知這支團(tuán)隊(duì)舉辦各種活動(dòng)的目的是為了提高學(xué)生對(duì)STEM職業(yè)的理解。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheScienceandTechnologyFacilitiesCouncil(STFC)andUniversityofCentralLanca-shire(UCLan)sharefindingsofaprojecttoimprovestudentengagementwithscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics(STEM).(科學(xué)和技術(shù)設(shè)施委員會(huì)和中央蘭卡郡大學(xué)分享了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)現(xiàn)，以提高學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)(stem)的參與度。)”以及最后一段““Muchgovernmentpolicytowardsboostingscienceinhighereducationfocusesonanassumedlackofinterestanddesireinlow-socioeconomicgroups.”However,theenthusiasmisalreadythereandthis“hiddenscienceidentity”needstoberevealedandtranslatedintoreal-lifeprospectsfortheseyoungpeople.We’rerecommendingthatprogramsinsteadallowyoungpeopletoexploretheirscienceidentitymorefullyandprovideinnovativewaystodiscoverthejobsthatstudyingsciencemayleadto.(“政府促進(jìn)高等教育科學(xué)的政策都集中在低社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)群體興趣和欲望的缺乏上。”然而，這種熱情已經(jīng)存在，這種“隱藏的科學(xué)身份”需要被揭示出來，并轉(zhuǎn)化為這些年輕人的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活前景。我們建議這個(gè)項(xiàng)目讓年輕人更充分地探索他們的科學(xué)身份，并提供創(chuàng)新的方式來發(fā)現(xiàn)研究科學(xué)可能帶來的工作。)”以及其他三段的主要內(nèi)容可知文章主要是在圍繞著PIER項(xiàng)目如何幫助貧窮的學(xué)生更多地從事科學(xué)活動(dòng)展開的。D項(xiàng)“PIER項(xiàng)目幫助貧困學(xué)生從事科學(xué)研究”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyouevergonetoamuseumorashowandbeencompletelyblownawaybyapiece?Ifyouhaven’t,gooutandgetcultured.I’mastudentattheCollegeofVisualandPerformingArtswherewecreateallkindsofarteveryday.____36____ButIdon’tthinkthosepeopletrulyknowthedifficultiesandstrugglesintheprocessofmakingart.Firstofall,weneedtobeinspired.Youmaythinkthat’seasy.Infact,anythingcanserveasaconceptofaworkofart.____37____Sometimeswewillneedpeople,volunteers,bodiestodosoandfindingwillingpeopletoworkishard.Othertimeswehaveaclearideaofwhatwewantbutwedon’tknowhowtomakeotherpeoplefullyunderstandwhatwe’retryingtogetat.____38____Weneedaspacetobeabletobecreativeandthatcanbetrickytoacquire.Sometimesweneedartsuppliesorcertainequipmentandcostumesandthatcancostmoney.Evenifwedoacquirewhatweneed,visionschangeandmistakeshappensowemightnotendupusingtheresources.Theprocesscantakeweeks,months,andevenyearstobefullyrealized.Oncecompleted,weneedtoshareitandfindanaudienceandprovideanenvironmenttodisplayourwork.____39____Whatifnobodylikeswhatwecreated?Whatifourvisionisn’twhatwethoughtthoughcompleted?Creatingartisanartinitself.Itisreallynotaseasyasmanypeoplethink.____40____It’showweexpressourselvesandhowwecommunicatewiththerestoftheworld.A.Outsidersthinkourjobseasy.B.Weshouldbequietandcreative.C.Wemightchooseotherfieldsaswell.D.Resourcesarealsoahugefactorinmakingart.E.Thehardpartcomeswhenweputourideasintoreality.F.Andthenegativethoughtslovetooverpowerourminds.G.Ittakestime,patienceandspacewhenthingsdon’tgoasexpected.【答案】36.A37.E38.D39.F40.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章開篇提出很多人認(rèn)為藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的工作很簡(jiǎn)單，但作者認(rèn)為這些外行人士不懂藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的艱難之處，并從藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的靈感、資源、時(shí)間等方面論述藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作工作的不易，最后總結(jié)出藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作本身就是一件藝術(shù)，需要耐心、時(shí)間、空間?！?6題詳解】上文“I’mastudentattheCollegeofVisualandPerformingArtswherewecreateallkindsofarteveryday.(我是一名視覺與表演藝術(shù)學(xué)院的學(xué)生，每天都在創(chuàng)作各種各樣的藝術(shù)作品)”，下文“ButIdon’tthinkthosepeopletrulyknowthedifficultiesandstrugglesintheprocessofmakingart.(但是我認(rèn)為那些人并不是真正了解藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作過程中的艱辛。)”，說明中間設(shè)空處需要填一個(gè)意思與其相反相對(duì)的表達(dá)。A項(xiàng)“Outsidersthinkourjobseasy.(外人認(rèn)為我們的工作很容易。)”恰好與之對(duì)應(yīng)，下文的thosepeople指代A項(xiàng)中的Outsiders，下文的difficult也與A項(xiàng)中的easy對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Firstofall,weneedtobeinspired.Youmaythinkthat’seasy.Infact,anythingcanserveasaconceptofaworkofart.(首先，我們需要靈感。你可能認(rèn)為這很容易。事實(shí)上，任何東西都可以作為藝術(shù)作品的概念。)”提到了藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作需要靈感，而任何東西都可以作為藝術(shù)作品的概念，這是容易的部分。而下文“Sometimeswewillneedpeople,volunteers,bodiestodosoandfindingwillingpeopletoworkishard.(有時(shí)我們需要人、志愿者、人模來做這些，而找到愿意做這些工作的人很難。)”提到很難找到愿意