2022年湖南省岳陽市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級

2022年湖南省岳陽市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

SomeexpertsthinktheFremontwaspushedoutbyotherpeoples,whileotherexpertsbelievethattheymovedsouthbecauseofsome______.

2.AccordingtoDr.Joseph,journalinghelpsunemployedpeople______.

A.haveanobjectivecommentonthemselves

B.healfromthehurtfeelingscausedbythelayoff

C.haveaninsightonthesituationofthejobmarket

D.becomeignorantofothers'opinionsonthem

3.

AccordingtoRolandHwang,wecaninferthat______.

A.Theelectricvehicleswilltakeuptheautomotivemarketgradually.

B.Theelectricvehicleswillquittheautomotivemarketgradually.

C.Theconventionalcarisbetterthantheelectricvehicles.

D.Theelectricvehiclesencountersomechallenges.

4.

Forsomepeople,itmaybebetter______.

5.

Fiber-opticsystemshouldbebackedupby______.

6.

Evenentry-levelsalespositionsdemandprevioussalesexperience,especiallytheexperiencesellinginthehealthcareindustry.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Peopleresumedtheirinterestinnaturalgasasafuelasaresultof__________ofthelate1960sandearly1970s.

8.TheScienceofLastingHappiness

ThedayImeetSonjaLyubomirsky,shekeepsgettingcallsfromherToyotaPriusdealer.Whenshefinallypicksup,sheisexcitedbythenews:shecanbuythecarshewantsintwodays.Lyubomirskywondersifherenthusiasmmightcomeacrossasmaterialism,butIunderstandthatsheisbuyinganexperienceasmuchasapossession.Twoweekslater,inlateJanuary,the40-year-oldLyubomirsky,whosmilesoftenandseemstoapproachlifewithzestandgoodhumor,reportsthatsheis"totallylovingthePrius."Butwillthefeelingwearoffsoonafterthenew-carsmell,orwillitlast,makinganaturallyhappypersonevenmoreso?

ThePossibilityofLastingHappiness

Anexperimentalpsychologistinvestigatingthepossibilityoflastinghappiness,Lyubomirskyunderstandsfarbetterthanmostofusthefollyofpinningourhopesonanewcar—oronanygoodfortunethatcomesourway.Wetendtoadapt,quicklyreturningtoourusuallevelofhappiness.Theclassicexampleofsuch"hedonicadaptation"(享樂適應(yīng))comesfroma1970sstudyoflotterywinners,whoayearaftertheirwindfall(意外橫財)endedupnohappierthannonwinners.Hedonicadaptationhelpstoexplainwhyevenchangesinmajorlifecircumstances—suchasincome,marriage,physicalhealthandwherewelive—dosolittletoboostouroverallhappiness.Notonlythat,butstudiesoftwinsandadopteeshaveshownthatabout50percentofeachperson'shappinessisdeterminedfrombirth.This"geneticsetpoint"alonemakesthehappinessglasslookhalfempty,becauseanyupwardswinginhappinessseemsdoomedtofallbacktonearyourbaseline."There'sbeenatensioninthefield,"explainsLyubomirsky'smaincollaborator,psychologistKennonM.SheldonoftheUniversityofMissouri-Columbia."Somepeoplewereassumingyoucanaffecthappinessif,forexample,youpickedtherightgoals,buttherewasallthisliteraturethatsuggesteditwasimpossible,thatwhatgoesupmustcomedown."

TheHappinessPie

Lyubomirsky,Sheldonandanotherpsychologist,DavidA.SchkadeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,puttheexistingfindingstogetherintoasimplepiechartshowingwhatdetermineshappiness.Halfthepieisthegeneticsetpoint.Thesmallestsliceiscircumstances,whichexplainonlyabout10percentofpeople'sdifferencesinhappiness.Sowhatistheremaining40percent?"Becausenobodyhadputittogetherbefore,that'sunexplained,"Lyubomirskysays.Butshebelievesthatwhenyoutakeawaygenesandcircumstances,whatisleftbesideserrormustbe"intentionalactivity,"mentalandbehavioralstrategiestocounteractadaptation'sdownwardpull.

Lyubomirskyhasbeenstudyingtheseactivitiesinhopesoffindingoutwhetherandhowpeoplecanstayabovetheirsetpoint.Intheory,thatispossibleinmuchthesamewayregulardietandexercisecankeepathletes'weightbelowtheirgeneticsetpoints.ButbeforeLyubomirskybegan,therewas"ahugevacuumofresearchonhowtoincreasehappiness,"shesays.Thelotterystudyinparticular"madepeopleshyawayfrominterventions,"explainseminentUniversityofPennsylvaniapsychologistMartinE.P.Seligman,thefatherofpositivepsychologyandamentortoLyubomirsky.Whensciencehadscrutinized(細察)happinessatall,itwasmainlythroughcorrelationalstudies,whichcannottellwhatcamefirst—thehappinessorwhatitislinkedto—letalonedeterminethecauseandeffect.Findingoutthatindividualswithstrongsocialtiesaremoresatisfiedwiththeirlivesthanloners,forexample,begsthequestionofwhetherfriendsmakeushappierorwhetherhappypeoplearesimplylikeliertoseekandattractfriends.

Lyubomirsky'sResearch

Lyubomirskybeganstudyinghappinessasagraduatestudentin1989afteranintriguingconversationwithheradviser,StanfordUniversitypsychologistLeeD.Ross,

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Agoodexerciseforpeoplewhoareregaininganormalconditionafteraninjurymaybe

10.

Accordingtothepassage,thebestwaytomakeupforsleepdeficitis______.

A.totakenapseveryday

B.tohavemoresleepovertime

C.togotobedearly

D.todrinkacupofmilkbeforebedtime

11.NewHopesforPreventingAIDS

Thesuccessofanti-retroviral(抑止腫瘤病毒)drugsintreatingHIVisgettingresearchersatthe16thInternationalAIDSconferenceexcitedattheprospectthatthepotentmedicinesmightbeexploitedtoperform.doubleduty.WhynotusethepoweroftheseARVstopreventanHIVtransmissionorinfectionfromtakingholdinthefirstplace?BillandMelindaGatesaskedthatprovocativequestionontheopeningdayoftheconference,andarecommittingtheirconsiderablefinancialresourcestowardfindingananswer.Intheirremarks,theyhighlightedtheneedtodevelopmicrobicidesandoral-preventiondrugswhilewewaitforavaccine.AndtheywillgettheirfirsthintathowsmarttheirdecisionwasthisThursday,whenscientistsfromWestAfricareporttheinitialresultsfromthefirsttrialstudyinganoralpreventiondrug.

SohowrealisticaretheGatesinexpectingevenmorefromtheARVs?"Idothinktherangeofpreventionoptionswehavewithinthenextdecadewillgreatlyexpand,"saysDr.HeleneGayle,PresidentofCareUSAandco-chairoftheconference."Thebiologicplausibilityforbothmicrobicidesandoral-preventiondragsissogreat."Dr.MarkDybul,U.S.GlobalAIDSCoordinator,saidthatifamicrobicideorpreventiondrugbecomesavailabletoprotectpeoplefrominfections,theywouldbefundedunderthePresident'sEmergencyPlanforAIDSReliefifcountrieschosetousethem."Wewouldsupportallofthat;itwouldbeperfectlywithinourmandatetodoallthat,"hetoldTIME.

PreventingHIVistheonlywaytokeepthenumberofnewinfectionsthatoccureachyear--4million--fromgrowing.Andyetpreventionstrategies,alwaystheuglystepsistertotreatmentprograms,havenotreallytakenholdinthedevelopingnationswheretherateofinfectionishighest.Aneffectivevaccine,ofcourse,istheultimatepreventionweapon,butastheGates'pointedout,anHIVshotisstillalongwayoff.Inthemeantime,microbicidescouldbeonewaytoco-optARVsintothepreventionwar;thesearechemicalcompounds,usuallyintheform.ofagelorcream,thatwomencanusevaginallypriortointercoursetostopthetransmissionofHIV--it'sthesameideabehindspermicides(殺精子劑),whicharechemicalbarrierstospermenteringthevaginaandcausingpregnancy.It'sanelegantlysimpleapproach,madeevensimplerbythefactthatresearchersdidn'treallyhavetostartfromscratchtocomeupwithnewanti-HIVcompounds;theyalreadyhavethemintheARVs,whichnowinterruptthevirusfrominfectingcellsatvariouspointsinitslifecycle.

Thekeydifferenceisthatinamicrobicide,thedrugsarebeingusedinhealthypeopleratherthaninthoseinfectedwithHIV.WhenARVsareusedfortreatment,bothdoctorsandpatientsarewillingtotolerateahigherlevelofsideeffects--afterall,ifthechoiceisbetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects,mostpatientsoptforthelatter.Ifthedrugsaretobeusedtopreventinfection,however,everythingchanges;understandably,healthypeoplearen'taslikelytoacceptthesamelevelofsideeffectsandtoxicitiesasthosealreadyinfected.

That'swhyclinicaltrialsaresosignificant.Sofar,thereare30to40differentmicrobicidecandidatesbeingtestedinanimals,andfivetrialsinGhana,Nigeriaandotherdevelopingnationsatthemostadvancedstagesoftestinginwomen.Dr.GitaRamjee,oftheHIVPreventionResearchUnitinDurban,SouthAfrica,hasworkedwithallfive,andishopefulthattheywillproveeffectiveandmakeanimpactonthedisease.BecausetheselatestmicrobicidesarereformulatedARVs,however,theproblemofthevirusbecomingresistanttothemisapotentialdrawback.Dr.PeterPlot,ofUNAIDS,suggestsbasingmicrobicidesonlyonthedrugsdonotmakeitthroughthepharmaceuticalpipelinemanyarerejectedbecaus

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

AccordingtoDr.DorisMccubbrey,dietingis______forweightcontrol.

A.inessentialB.necessaryC.harmlessD.helpful

13.

Consumersareencouragedtobuylow-fatmilkratherthan______.

14.

Nexttocoal-burningpowerplants,______arethesecondlargestU.S.sourceofcarbondioxidepollution.

15.

Theonlyproblemthestudentsarefacingatgraduationisthedismaljobmarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Whenreservingahotelroomwithyourcheckcard,youhavetodecidehowmuchmoneyinyouraccounthastobeonhold.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.Underyourdurablepowerattorney,ifyouareunable,apersoncanbegiventheauthorityto______.

18.Inordertomeet______,low-incomeshoppersmustconsideralotoffactorswhenselectingfoodproducts.

19.

Whenanearthquakewithlevel7inRichterscaleratingisreporteditmeansthatitsamplitudeis______timesstrongerthanalevel6earthquake.

20.

InEngland,corruptiononlybecameunfashionablewhen_______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.【B9】

22.(29)

A.ComfortableTouch.

B.Smile.

C.WondersofTouch.

D.KeepinTouch,

23.(28)

A.Acompany'snumber.

B.Abank'snumber.

C.Anaccountnumber.

D.Achecknumber.

24.(31)

A.Theworkersontheundergroundplatformswerereplacedbymachines.

B.Itbecamethefirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayintheworld.

C.Acompletelyautomaticlinewasaddedtoitsnetwork.

D.Computersbegancontrollingthetrainsontheline.

25.(34)

A.Achangeinthestatusofeducated.

B.Achangeinthenatureofreading.

C.Anincreaseinthenumberofbooks.

D.Anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders.

26.

【B10】

27.(21)

A.Canreceivethecallsbutalwayscutoffhalfway.

B.Canmakecallsbutthesignalisnotclear.

C.Cannotreceiveormakecallssinceitmakesabusysignal.

D.Canreceivebutnotmakeanycalls.

28.聽力原文：W:Haveyoubeentothatnewrestaurantyet?

M:Youmeanthecampuscomer?

W:Yeah.That'stheone.It'srightacrossthestreetfromtheentrancetotheschool.

M:No.I'venevereatenthere.Iusuallyhave6metogohomeforlunchbetweenclasses.

W:Areyouagoodcook?

M:I'mquitehandyinthekitchenmyself.LastsemesterItookacourseinChinesecooking.AndImustsayIthinkIdidratherwell.

W:Well,inthatcaseI'llcertainlyhavetotaketheadvantageofouracquaintance.DoyouthinkyoucouldteachsomethingaboutChinesecooking?

M:That'sagreatidea.Say,whydon'tyoucomehomewithmeaftergeometryclass?I'llmmdinnerintoacookinglesson.

W:OK.Ifyouaresureit'snottoomuchtrouble.

M:Notatall.I'llteachyouwhatI'velearntinthecookingclass.Justremindmctostopbythegrocerystoreafterclass.Ihavetopickupacoupleofingredients.

W:Ihopethisisn'tturningintoahugeproject.

M:Noway.Iliketocook.Besideswehavetoeatanyway,right?

W:Youarefight.IguessIhaven'tthoughtofitthatway.

M:Oh,thereistheprofessor.You'dbettergositdown.

W:OK.Seeyouafterclass.

(20)

A.Attheoffice

B.Inthestreet

C.Inaclassroom

D.Inarestaurant

29.

【B5】

30.聽力原文：M:MathsDepartment,DoctorWinstonspeaking.

W:Hello,Prof.Winston.ThisisElizaSmithcalling.I'mlivingtwodoorsdownfromyourteachingyoubecausehelosthisvoiceandcan'ttalktoyouhimself.

M:Losthisvoice?Oh,whatashame!IsthereanythingIcandoforhim?

W:Well,hehasaclassthisafternoonfrom2:30to4:00andhewon'tbeabletoteachit,buthedoesn'twanttocanceliteither.

M:Wantmetotrytofindsomebodyelsetoteachtheclass?

W:No,notexactly.Whathewantstodoistogetsomeonetogoinforhim,justtopassbackthemid-termexams.He'salreadymarkedthemandtheyareonthedeskinhisoffice.Thewholethingwouldn'ttakemorethantenminutes.

M:Hisclassisat2:30,eh?WellatthattimeIamgoingtobeoncampusanyway;soIcandoitforhim.Whatroomishisclassin?

W:Building4,Roomtwo-fourteen.Willyouneedhisofficekeytogettheexams?He'sgivenittomeandIcouldbringittoyou.

M:Actually,thatwon'tbenecessary.Wehaveamasterkeyinthemathsdepartment.SoIcangetintohisofficeifnecessary.

W:Thanksverymuch,Prof.Winston.Daviddoesn'thaveanotherclasstoteachuntilTuesday,andhopefully,hewillbeabletotalkbythen.He'llcallyouassoonashecan.Oh,yes,Ialmostforgot.Couldyouputthenextassignmentontheboard,too?It'salltheproblemsonPage45,andtheyaredueatthenextclass.

M:Notroubleatall.ThanksforpassingallthenewsaboutDavid,andpleasetellhimnottoworryaboutanything.

(23)

A.Hecan'tfindhisofficekey.

B.Hehasmisplacedsomeexams.

C.Heisunabletospeak.

D.Hedoesn'tlikehisclassroom.

31.聽力原文：W:Oh,Jack.I'mgladIcaughtyou.IwanttotellyouIhavetoskipthehistorystudygroupsessiontonight.

M:Really?That'stoobad.Aren'tyoufeelingwell?

W:Oh,it'snothingbad.There'sgoingtobeapublicmeetingdownthetownhall.Thestatesenatorfromthisareaisgoingtobethere.Shehasthismeetingthreeorfourtimesayeartospeakwithherconstituency.

M:Isthatwhatyou'dliketodowithyourevening,goingtolistentoapolitician's...

W:Actually,it'saclassassignment.ProfJackson,he'steachingthatpoliticalscienceseminarI'mtaking.Hetoldallofusintheseminartogotohearwhatthesenatorhastosaytonightandalsowriteupareportabouttheissuespeoplebringup.

M:Oh,likemedicalcare,andtaxand...?

W:Right,aslongasI'mthere,IthinkI'dliketobringupgovernmentfundingforstateuniversities.Thetuitionkeepsgoingupandit'sgettingharderandharderforalotofstudentstoaffordit.

M:Tellmeaboutit.

W:Anyway,Iwanttodoareallygoodjobonthisreport.IneedtogetaletterofrecommendationfromProfJacksonforgraduateschool.SoIguessI'dbettershowuptheretonightandseewhat'sgoingon.

M:Yeah,but,whataboutthehistorytest?

W:Well,Ialreadyputsometimeinonthatthismorning.SoIthinkbytomorrowafternoon,I'llbeready.

(23)

A.Shehasseenadoctorrecently.

B.She'sconcernedaboutmedicalcare.

C.She'sunabletoattendthestudysession.

D.Shementionstheneedforsomemedicaltests.

32.聽力原文：W:Ifeelhorrible.MarywasfuriousthatIlosthernotes.DoyouthinkIshouldapologizeagain?

M:IfIwereyou,I'dlethercooloffafewdaysbeforeItalkedtoher.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

(14)

A.ApologizewhenMaryislessangry.

B.ReturnMary'snotesinafewdays.

C.WriteMaryanoteofapology.

D.LethertalktoMaryaboutthesituation.

33.聽力原文：W:Howaboutgoingtotheartgallerytoday?Theyarehavingaspecialexhibitoflocalartistsincludingyourfavoritepainter.

M:I'dloveto,ifIcangetthistermpaperoutofmyway.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Heenjoyedthepaintingstoo.

B.Hecan'tfinishhistermpaperthatday.

C.Hehastofinishhistermpaperfirst.

D.Hehaslearnedsomethingabouttheartists.

34.聽力原文：W:DoyouknowifNickhasgotenoughmoneyforhisstudy?

M:Yes.IfNickhadn'tworkedinthesteelplantlastsummer,hewouldn'thaveearnedmoneyforhislivingexpensesduringhissenioryear.

Q:WhatdoesthemanmeanaboutNick?

(13)

A.Nickcan'tgoonstudyingbecausehehastoworkinasteelplant.

B.Nickhasearnedenoughmoneyfor,hissenioryear.

C.Nickprefersworkinginasteelplanttostudying.

D.Nickdoesn'thaveenoughmoneysohe'llworkduringhissenioryear.

35.(36)

A.Theywanttostayhomeanddothehousework.

B.Theydon'thaveenoughmoney.

C.Theyhavetoomuchworkandnotmuchfreetime.

D.Theyhavemorefreedomthaninthepast.

36.聽力原文：M:Canyouspareamoment,dear?Iwantyoutolistentothisletter.

W:Goahead,then.

M:Sir,mywifeandIarrivedhomelastnightafteraholidayarrangedbyyourfirm,inJersey.Westayedatthehoteldescribedinyourbrochureasacomfortable,medium-sizedhotel,withamagnificentviewofthesea,offeringcourteous,old-fashionedserviceandexcellentfood,servedinarelaxedfriendlyatmosphere.

W:Yes,that'swhatthebrochuresaid.

M:Infactthehotelissituatedatleasthalfamilefromthesea.Ourroomoverlookedacarpark...

W:Throughthegatesofwhichmotorvehicleswereconstantlyarrivingordeparting.

M:Yes,that'sgood.Thefoodwasstrictlybeefburgersandchipsorfishandchips.Winewasavailable,butatexorbitantprices,andasforthecourteous,old-fashionedservice,themajorityofthestaffwereforeignandvirtuallyincapableofspeakingorunderstandingtheEnglishlanguage.

W:Yes,that'squitetrue.

M:Inadditiontothis,weweremostunhappywiththearrangementsforourjourneyhome.Wewereinstructedtocatchthe11:00a.m.ferry...

W:Wasn'tit12:00?

M:No,11:00...butthiswasapparentlydelayedandwedidnotgetawaytill6o'clockintheevening.Nowthatourholidayisover,itseemsfairlypointlesswritingthisletter,butIshouldlikeyoutoknowthatweweremostdisappointedwiththehoteltravelarrangementsandshallcertainlynotbebookinganyfutureholidaysthroughHappyTours.Yoursfaithfully,HerbertWilson.

M:Yesdear,that'saverygoodletter.

(20)

A.Motorvehicleswereconstantlyarrivingordeparting.

B.Tastyfood.

C.Acomfortable,medium-sizedhotel.

D.Old-fashionedservice.

37.聽力原文：IthasbeenreportedthatincollegesacrosstheUnitedStates,thedaytimeserialdramaknownasthesoapoperahassuddenlybecome"in"amongthestudents.Betweenthehoursof11:00a.m.and4:30p.m.,collegetelevisionloungesarefilledwithsoapoperafanswhocan'twaittoseethenextepisodeinthelivesoftheirfavoritecharacters.

Actually,soapoperasaremorethanacollegefavorite;they'reayouthfavorite.Whenschoolisout,highschoolstudentsareinfrontoftheirTVsets,waitingfortheprograms.Oneyoungworkingwomanadmittedthatsheturneddownahigherpayingjobratherthangiveupwatchingherfavoriteserials.Thesoapoperashavebecomepartofpeople'slives.Duringthe1960s,itwasuncommonforyoung*peopletowatchsoapoperas.Themoodofthesixtieswasverydifferentfromnow.Itwasatimeofseriousness,andtalkwasaboutsocialissuesofgreatimportance.

Now,scri0usnesshasbeenreplacedbyfun.Youngpeoplewanttobehappy.Itmayseemstrangethattheyshouldturntosoapoperas,whichareknownforshowingtroubleinpeople'slives.Butsoapoperasareenjoyment.Youngpeoplecanidentifywiththesoapoperacharacter,who,likethecollege-ageviewer,islookingforhappylove,andprobablynotfindingit.Andsoapoperasgiveyoungpeopleachancetofeelclosetopeoplewithouthavingtobearanyresponsibilityfortheirproblems.

(33)

A.Playsbasedonsciencefictionstories.

B.Playsbasedonnon-fictionstories.

C.ThedaytimeserialdramasonTV.

D.PopulardocumentaryfilmsonTV.

38.(44)

39.聽力原文：M:Igotsomebadnewstoday.Duetotheeconomiccrisis,thecompanywheIworkislayingoffstaff．

W:Oh,no!Aretheygoingtoletyougo?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?

(19)

A.Wherethemanheardthenews.

B.Howthemanfeelsaboutthenews.

C.Ifthemanisgoingtolosehisjob.

D.Ifthemanisgoingtothecompany.

40.聽力原文：M：Icertainlyhopethatthefilmisworthwhile．Myfeetarefreezing，andIcan'tstandthecoldmuchlonger．

W：Ihatestandinginlineanyway.Ifwedon'tgetinsoon.let'sjustforgetitandgosomewhereelse．

Q：Wherearethemanandwomanatthismoment?

(14)

A.Inthesubway.

B.Inthemoviehouse.

C.Inlineoutside.

D.Somewhereelse.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

What'stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

42.

Thephrase"gounder"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

43.

Thesubjectofthesymposiumwas______.

44.Universities'effortstoattractstudentsindicatethat______.

A.thereisanexcesssupplyinsomeBritishuniversities

B.Britishstudentsshownointerestingoingtocolleges

C.theaveragetuitionfeeswillgodownunderpressure

D.topschoolslosetheedgeoverneweronesintheenrollment

45.

Thetonetakenbytheauthortowardsthesedefendersofcrimeinthepassageis.

A.ironicalB.criticalC.agitatedD.controversial

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

EconomistssayconfidenceintheU.S.economyhasimprovedsincethefinancialcrisisbegan,butitisstillataverylowlevel.Thisweek,theNewYork-basedConferenceboardsaiditsconsumerconfidenceisabouthalfofwhatitwasthistimelastyear.Aspeoplestruggletodealwithjoblossesanddwindlingretirementfunds,theiroutlookofthecountry'seconomicsituationremainspessimisticduringthebiggestconsumerspendingtimeoftheyear.

ClaireRusk,ashopperinAlexandria,Virginia,sayssheischangingherholidayspendinghabitsthisyearbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis,eventhoughhernine-year-oldsonexpectsChristmasasusual.

"Hislistislongerthanever,solwaslisteningtohowyoutellhimthathislistbetterbeshorterthisyear,"shesaid.

Rusksaysthecrisisisforcinghertothinkhardaboutherpurchases.

"I'mjustgoingtobemorecareful.I'mgoingtomakealist.I'mnotgoingtorandomlyshop,"shenoted."Iusuallyjustgooutandshop,butI'mgoingtohaveaplanbeforeIgooutthisyear."

AndRuskisnotalone.KilmerCaban,ashopperatthePentagonCityMalloutsideWashington,D.C.,saysheisgoingtotrytospendthesameamountforgiftsaslastyear,butheknowssomeofhisfamilymembersarecuttingback.

"Mysisterandherhusbandsaytheywillnotbespendingasmuch,duetothecostofgasandtheeconomyandeverything,"heexplained.

Someretailstoreowners,whonormallymakethebulkoftheirprofitsthistimeofyear,arehopefulthattheholidayshoppingseasonwillstillbeabletopullthemoutoftherecentslump.VictoriaBirkett,theownerof'Embellishments,agiftstoreinAlexandria,Virginia,saysshe'salittleworried,butsheislookingforwardtotheholidayrush.

"InthisretailbusinessIhavecutmyorderdownalittlebitfromprioryears,butIcanseepeoplearebeingalittlemorecautiousintheirspending,"shesaid."I'malittleconcerned,butitisjustbeforeThanksgiving,soI'mhopefulthatthingswillpickupjustafterThanksgiving."

BirkettsayshergiftshophasnotfelttheeffectsoftheeconomiccrisisasmuchasotherstoreownerssheknowsbecauseitisclosetoWashingtonD.C.andbenefitsfromtourism.

AlexanderMcCall,amanageratGameStop,inthePentagonCityMallremainsoptimisticaswell.

"Peoplearealittlebitmorecarefulwiththeirmoneynow,thespendinghasgonedownalittle,butIthinkallinallitsgoingtobeagoodbusinessholidayforeverybody,"hesaid.

DespitetheslumpinconsumerconfidenceMcCallstillexpectsdemandforsomeitemstorisenextmonth.

Howaretheretiredpeopleinfluencedbytheeconomicsituation?

A.Theyareforcedtoretireatanearlierage.

B.Theyhavetocopewithreducedpensions.

C.Theirspendingpowerhasincreasedtorecordhigh.

D.Theirconfidencehasdroppedtothelowestlevel.

47.(59)

48.What'sthedarksideofAmericanconsumers'savingmoreandspendingless?

A.Thejobandhousingmarketswillbecomeevenweaker.

B.ThereislittlehopethattheAmericaneconomywillrecoversoon.

C.Moreandmoreretailersandmarketerswillhavetogobankrupt.

D.It'spossiblethattheAmericaneconomywillreboundsooner.

49.

Tostrengthenmoralinstruction,parentsshouldfixintotheirchildren'smindasenseof______.

50.

Whyiselectronicmailwidelyusedinbusiness?

A.Becauseitcanspeedupthesendingofmessages.

B.Becauseitisafashionablegadgettothebusinessman.

C.Becauseitischeapandefficient.

D.Becauseitisapartofbusinesslife.

51.

TheauthormentionsaboutCharlieChaplin'searlyfilmsbecause______.

A.theycanamusepeople

B.theyareveryinstructive

C.theyshowthatcertaincomicstereotypesattractalltheworld

D.theyshowthatpeopleallsharethesameabilitytolaugh

52.AscivilwarseruptedthroughouttheRomanRepublicinthe1stcenturyB.C.,countrydwellersmayhavefledtocities.Beforetheyleft,somepeopleburiedtheirvaluablestohidethemfromarmies.Nowsocialscientistshavestudiedthesecoinstorestoansweralong-standingRomanmystery.

HistorianshavelongdebatedRome'spopulationsizeduringthe1stcenturyB.C.Startingin28B.C.,censuses(人口普查)conductedundertilefirstRomanemperorshowedthepopulationatabout5million--a10-foldincreaseoverthatoftheRomanRepublicacenturyearlier.AboutathirdofthisjumpcanbeexplainedbytheextensionofcitizenshiptoRomanalliesacrossItaly.Butwheredidtherestofthepeoplecomefrom?Somehistorianssaytheanswerissimplypopulationexplosion.Othersarguethattheempireincluded