初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子成分講解

Grammar

sentences2021/5/91句子成份★句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：主語(yǔ)部分（subjectgroup）謂語(yǔ)部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·謂·賓·表補(bǔ)定·狀·2021/5/92Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

主·賓·表賓補(bǔ)定·狀·2021/5/931)主語(yǔ)（subject）Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由擔(dān)任,常置于句首。2)謂語(yǔ)（predicate）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。

Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞

或從句名詞,主格代詞動(dòng)詞2021/5/943)賓語(yǔ)（object）4)表語(yǔ)（predicative）Hewonthegame.Onthedesk表示vt.的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.Heisastudent.用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由n.或adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。2021/5/95

除了be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞:2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞:3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,stay等。2021/5/965)賓補(bǔ)（objectivecomplement）補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。Theymadehimking.?

?Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.?

?6)定語(yǔ)（attributive）對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。Theblackbikeismine.()2021/5/97說(shuō)明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)

我告訴他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.

說(shuō)明2：不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。

這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。ThestudentsintheroomareinClassNine.

2021/5/987)狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))2021/5/99句子類(lèi)型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句2021/5/910Ⅰ.簡(jiǎn)單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)2021/5/911Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice?

?主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)2021/5/912Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.2021/5/913名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句Ⅲ.復(fù)合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.2021/5/914狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類(lèi)：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等2021/5/9152)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因狀語(yǔ)從句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since2021/5/9164)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,so…that,such…that

5)目的狀語(yǔ)從句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,inorderthat2021/5/9176)條件狀語(yǔ)從句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though,although,evenif,eventhough,7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.2021/5/918常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度狀語(yǔ)從句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.2021/5/919名詞性從句1)主語(yǔ)從句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

2021/5/9202）表語(yǔ)從句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.2021/5/9213)賓語(yǔ)從句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.2021/5/9224)同位語(yǔ)從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise2021/5/923注意！*that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。