2022年醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語：影像X射線常用詞匯

2022年醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語：影像X射線常用詞匯清楚clear

肺門陰影增大enlargementofhilarshadows

肺紋理增粗increaseoflungmarkings

鈣化灶calcified

空洞cavitation

球形病灶circularlesion(coinlesion)

小塊陰影區(qū)aminimalareaofdensity

散狀的點(diǎn)(片)狀陰影scatteredspot(plaque-like)shadows

邊界不清的片狀陰影apoorlydefinedpatchydensity

圓形致密影arounddensity

胸膜增厚pleuralthickening

肋膈角模糊(變鈍、消逝)haziness(blunting,obliteration)ofthecostophrenicangle

橫膈抬高、活動(dòng)受限elevationofdiaphragmwithlimitationofmovement

包裹性胸腔積液encapsulatedpleuraleffusion

液氣胸hydropneumothorax

縱膈移位mediastinaldisplacement

肺門模糊hilarhaze

肺門密度增高increaseofpulmonaryhilardensity

肺淤血(栓塞)pulmonaryvenousstasis(infarction)

陰影性狀shadow

淡的haziness

云霧狀clouding

線裝streaky

絮狀patcky

結(jié)節(jié)狀nodular

塊狀massive

粟粒狀miliary

融合狀confluent

勻稱的homogeneous

二、心臟Heart

左(右)房(室)增大left(right)atrial(ventricular)enlargement

主動(dòng)脈屈曲延長atortuousandprolongedaorta

主動(dòng)脈型(二尖瓣型)心臟“aortictype”(“mitralvalve”)heart

肺動(dòng)脈段突出bulgingpulmonaryarterysegment

肺動(dòng)脈擴(kuò)張adilatationofthepulmonaryartery

心影普遍增大generalenlargementoftheheartshadow

左(右)心室增大left(right)ventricularenlargement

左(右)心房增大left(right)atrialdilatation

靴形心臟boot-shapedheart

主動(dòng)脈鈣化calcificationofaorta

心腰部waistofheart

垂位(狹長形;無力形;橫位;斜位)心vertical(slender;asthenic;horizontal;oblique)heart

三、腹部平片KUBfilm

結(jié)石calculus

鈣化影calcifiedshadow

階梯型液平fluidlevelswithstepladderpattern

液氣平面gas-fluidlevel

膈下游離氣體subphrenicfreeair

四、胃腸道鋇劑檢查bariumenemaexamination

胃腸造影gastroenterography

雙重比照造影doublecontrastradiography

食管蠕動(dòng)征esophagealperistalsissign

十二指腸曲(壓跡)duodenalflexure(impression)

小腸黏膜皺襞影mucosalfoldshadowofsmallintestine

結(jié)腸蠕動(dòng)與排空征peristalsisandemptingsignsofcolon

胃排空時(shí)間延長delayedgastricemptyingtime

胃空腹潴留液fastingretentionofstomach

充盈缺損fillingdefect

黏膜皺襞消逝disappearanceofthemucosalfolds

張力減低(增高)hypotonicity(hypertonicity)

球部激惹現(xiàn)象irritablecap

蠕動(dòng)增加vigorousperistalticactivity(hyperperistalsis)

蠕動(dòng)減弱bradydiastalsis

蠕動(dòng)消逝aperistalsis

排空加快(減緩)accelerated(reduced)evacuation

跳動(dòng)現(xiàn)象skippingphenomenon

黏膜增寬和迂曲broadenedandtortuousmucosalfold

黏膜皺襞平坦flatmucosalfold

五、膽道biletract

口服膽囊造影oralcholecystography

靜脈膽管膽囊造影intravenouscholecysto-cholangiography

經(jīng)T形管膽囊造影trans-T-tubecholecystography

經(jīng)皮肝穿刺膽管造影percutaneoustranshepaticcholangiography(PTC)

膽總管擴(kuò)張dilatedcommonduct

膽囊濃縮功能良好gallbladderconcentratedsatisfactorily

膽囊顯影不好，濃縮功能差gallbladderwithfaintshadow,concentratedinadequately

收縮功能contractibility

六、骨骼skeleton

骨皮質(zhì)增厚corticalthickeningofbone

洋蔥皮樣轉(zhuǎn)變“onionskin”appearance

骨膜反響periostealreaction

骨質(zhì)疏松osteoporosis(rarefaction)

骨化ossification

畸形deformity

縮短shortening

移位displacement

脫位luxation

半脫位subluxation

連接不正malunion

青枝骨折greenstickfracture

多發(fā)性骨折multiplefracture

病理性骨折pathologicalfracture

關(guān)節(jié)間隙jointspace

椎間隙intervertebralspace

肋軟骨鈣化影calcificationshadowofcostalcartilage

骨質(zhì)軟化osteomalacia(osteomalacosis)

骨質(zhì)增生硬化hyperostosisosteosclerosis

死骨sequestrum

骨質(zhì)壞死bonenecrosis

關(guān)節(jié)腫脹(破壞;退行)swelling(destruction;degeneration)ofjoint

關(guān)節(jié)強(qiáng)直ankyloses

骨骺分別epiphysealseparation

對(duì)線良好goodalignment

對(duì)位良好goodapposition

七、泌尿系統(tǒng)urologicalsystem

靜脈腎盂造影intravenouspyelography(IVP)

逆行腎盂造影retrogradepyelography

萎縮atrophy

移位deformity

扭曲distortion

充盈缺損fillingdefect

狹窄stricture

不透光的(透光的)結(jié)石opaque(translucent)stone

八、X線檢查位置

前后位anteroposteriorprojection

后前位postero-anterior(PA)projection

側(cè)位lateralprojection

立位uprightposition

斜位obliqueprojection

右(左)前