高考英語高難度閱讀理解15篇(含詳解)

高考英語高難度閱讀理解15篇1.Almosteverydaywecomeacrosssituationsinwhichwehavetomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Choice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld.Inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,somethingwonderfulbuthardtoget,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,afalseideacreatedbycompaniesandadvertiser,hopingtoselltheirproducts.Theendlesschoicegivesbirthtoanxietyinpeople’slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitem(商品)thatisnotreallywanted.RecentstudiesinEnglandhaveshownthatmanyelectricalgoodsboughtinalmosteveryfamilyarenotreallyneeded.Moredifficultdecision-makingistheneitheravoidedortrustedintothehandsoftheprofessionals,lifestyleinstructors,oradvisors.Itisnotjusttheavailabilityofthegoodsthatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewtypesofproductscomeonthemarket.AdvancesindesignandproductionhelpquickentheprocessProductsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Thetypicalexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostout-of-dateoncetheyarebought.Thisindeedmakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwithcaseintoashopandbuyonething;nochoice,noanxiety.72.WhatdoestheauthortrytoargueinParagraph1?

A.Theexerciseofrightsisaluxury.

B.Thepracticeofchoiceisdifficult.

C.Therightofchoiceisgivenbutataprice.

D.Choiceandrightexistatthesametime.73.Whydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxiety?

A.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct.

B.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.

C.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.

D.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherageofchoice.74.Byusingcomputersasanexample,theauthorwantstoprovethat

.A.advancedproductsmeettheneedsofpeopleB.productsofthelatestdesignfoldthemarketC.competitionsarefierceinhigh-techindustryD.everydaygoodsneedtobereplacedoften75.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Thevarietyofchoicesinmodernsociety.B.Theopinionsonpeople’srightindifferentcountriesC.TheProblemsabouttheavailabilityofeverydaygoods.D.Thehelplessnessinpurchasingdecisions2.Iarrivedatmymother’shomeforourMondayfamilydinner.Thesmellsoffoodflewoverfromthekitchen.Motherwaspullingoutquilt(被子)afterquiltfromtheboxes,proudlyshowingmetheirbeauties.ShewaspreparingforaquiltshowattheElmhurstChurch.Whenwebegantofoldandputthembackintotheboxes,Inoticedsomethingatthebottomofonebox.Ipulleditout.“Whatisthis?”Iasked.“Oh?”Momsaid,“That’sMama’squilt.”Ispreadthequilt.Itlookedatifagroupofschoolchildrenhadpiecedittogether;irregulardesigns,childishpictures,acrookedlineontheright.“Grandmothermadethis?”Isaid,surprised.Mygrandmotherwasamasteratmakingquilts.Thiscertainlydidn’tlooklikeanyofthequiltsshehadmade.“Yes,rightbeforeshedied.Ibroughtithomewithmelastyearandmadesomechanges,”shesaid.“I’mstillworkingonit.See,thisiswhatI’vedonesofar.”Ilookedatitmoreclosely.Shehadmadestraightacrookedline.Atthecenterofthequilt,shehadstitched(縫)apieceofclothwiththesewords:

“Mymothermademanyquilts.Shedidn’tgetalllinesstraight.ButIthinkthisisbeautiful.Iwanttoseeitfinished.Herlastquilt.”“Ooh,thisissonice,Mom,”Isaid.Itoccurredtomethatbycompletingmygrandmother’squilt,mymotherwashonoringherownmother.Irealized,too,thatIheldinmyhandsafamilytreasure.Itstartedwiththelovinghandsofonewoman,andcontinuedwiththelovinghandsofanother.56.Whydidtheauthorgotomother’shome?

A.Toseehermother’squilts.

B.Tohelpprepareforashow.

C.Togettogetherforthefamilydinner.

D.Todiscusshergrandmother’slife.57.Theauthorwassurprisedbecause

.

A.thequiltlookedverystrange.

B.hergrandmotherlikedthequilt.

C.thequiltwasthebestshehadseen.

D.hermotherhadmadesomechanges58.Theunderlinedwood“crooked”inthepassagemostprobablymeans

.

A.unfinished

B.broken

C.bent

D.unusual59.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AQuiltShow

B.Mother’sHome

C.AMondayDinner

D.Grandmother’sQuilt3.

Whileallmyclassmatesseentobecrazyaboutaone-waytickettoMars(火星),I’drathersayMarsistotallyunsuitableforhumanexistence.Peoplewon’thaveenoughfoodsuppliesthere,andtheterribleenvironmentwouldmakeitimpossibleforthemtolivealonglife.Besides,thejourneywon’tbesafe.CananybodyexplaintomejustwhypeoplewouldgotoMars,nevertoreturn?SteveMinear,UKHerearethethingsyoucanthinkof:thedesiretoexploreaforeignanduniqueenvironment,theexcitementofbeingthefirsthumanstoopenupanewworld,theexpectationoffameandglory…Forscientiststhereisanotherreason.Theirobservationsandresearchwillprobablyleadtogreatscientificachievements.DonalTrollop,CanadaTherearealreadytoomanypeopleontheEarth.Ithinkthatsometimebeforetheendofthecentury,therewillbeahumancolony(殖民地)onMars.Itwillhappenwhenpeoplefinallyrealizethattow-waytripstotheredplanetMarsareunnecessary.MostofthedangerofspaceFlightisinthelaunches(發(fā)射)andlandings.Cuttingthetriphomewouldthereforereducethedangerofaccidents,savealotofmoney,andopenthewaytobuildinganeverlastinghumansettlementonanotherworld.Enoughsuppliescanbesentonahead.Andeverytwoyearsmoresuppliesandmorepeoplewillneeds,andMarsisfarmorepleasantthantheotherplanetsintheouterspace.PaulDavies.USA60.ThemainpurposeofSteveMinear’swritingis

.

A.toreporthisclassmates’discussion

B.toinviteananswertohisquestion

C.toexplainthenaturalstateofMars

D.toshowhisagreementongoingtoMars61.WhichofthefollowingbeststatesDonalTrollop’sidea?

A.ThereisaplantosendhumanstoMars.

B.TherearemanyreasonsforgoingtoMars.

C.ScientistsbecomefamousbydoingresearchonMars.

D.ItispossibletobuildanEarth-likeenvironmentonMars.62.PaulDaviespointsoutthat

.

A.humansneedonlyaone-waytickettoMars.

B.two-waytripstoMarswillbemadesafesoon

C.itiseasytoreducethedangerandcostofflightstoMars

D.itischeaptobuildaneverlastinghumansettlementonMars63.WhatdoesPaulDaviesthinkofhumanexistenceonMars?

A.HumanswillhavetobringalltheyneedfromtheEarth.

B.HumanswillfindMarstotallyunsuitableforliving.

C.Humanscanproduceeverythingtheyneed.

D.HumanscanlivelongerinthecolonyonMars.4.Celebrity(名人)hasbecomeoneofthemostimportantrepresentativesofpopularculture.Fansusedtobecrazyaboutsspecificfilm,butnowthepublictendstobaseitsconsumption（消費(fèi)）ontheinterestofcelebrityattachedtoanygivenproduct.Besides,fashionmagazineshavealmostabandonedthepracticeofputtingmodelsonthecoverbecausetheydon’tsellnearlyaswellasfamousfaces.Asaresult,celebritieshaverealizedtheirunbelievablypowerfulmarketpotential,movingfromadvertisingforothers’productstodevelopingtheirown.

Celebrityclothinglinesaren’tacompletelynewphenomenon,butinthepasttheyweretypicallyaimedattheordinaryconsumers,andlimitedtoafewTVactresses.Todaythey’restartedbyfirst-classstarswhoseproductsenjoyequalfamewithsomeworldtopbrands.Themostsuccessfulstart-upshavebeenthosebycelebritieswithspecificpersonalstyle.Ascelebritiesbecomemoreandmoreexperiencedatthemarket,theyexpandtheirproductionscalerapidly,coveringalmostalltheproductsofdailylife.

However,foreverysuccessstory,there’sarelatedwarningtaleofacelebritywhoovervaluedhisconsumerappeal.Nomatterhawfamoustheproduct’soriginsis,ifitfailstoimpressconsumerswithitsownqualitiesitbeginstoresembleanexerciseinself-promotionalmarketing.Andoncetheinitial（最初的）attentiondiesdown,consumerinterestmightfade,loyalty(忠誠)returningtotried-and-truelabels.Today,celebritiesfaceevermoresevereembarrassment.Thepop-culturalcirclemightbebiggerthanever,butitsrateofturnoverhasspeededupaswell.Eachmisstepthreatenstoreduceacelebrity’sshelflife,andthesamenewspaperormagazinethatoncebroughthimfamehasnoproblempickinghimtopieceswhentheopportunityappears.Still,theego’s（自我的）potentialforexpansionislimitless.Havingalreadyachievedgreatwealthandpublicrecognition,manycelebritiesseefashionasthenextfrontiertobeconquered.Asthesayinggoes,successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.Theirsuccessasdesignersmightlastonlyashorttime,butfashion-likecelebrity–hasalwaysbeentemporary.69.Fashionmagazinestoday________.

A.seldomputmodelsonthecover

B.nolongerputmodelsonthecover

C.neednotworryaboutcelebrities’marketpotential

D.judgethemarketpotentialofeverycelebritycorrectly70.Achangeintheconsumermarketcanbefoundtodaythat_______.

A.priceratherthanbrandnameismoreconcerned

B.producersprefermodelstocelebritiesforachievements

C.producerspreferTVactressestofilmstarsforadvertisements

D.qualityratherthantheoutsideofproductsismoreconcerned71.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4indicatesthatanywrongstepwillpossibly______.

A.decreasethepopularityofacelebrityandthesalesofhisproducts

B.damagetheimageofacelebrityintheeyesofthegeneralpublic

C.cutshorttheartisticcareenofacelebrityinshowbusiness

D.influencethepriceofacelebrity’sproducts72.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.

A.celebrityandpersonalstyle

B.celebrityandmarketpotential

C.celebrityandfashiondesign

D.celebrityandclothingindustry5.Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively（被動(dòng)地）.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,it’snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers.Unfortunately,passivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor(謠言).DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn’tshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.That’swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelistenimperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stamping（打上標(biāo)記）itwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.48.Accordingtothepassage,passivelearningmayoccurin_______.

A.doingamedicalexperiment

B.solvingamathproblem

C.visitinganexhibition

D.doingscientificreasoning49.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto_____.

A.activelearning

B.knowledge

C.communication

D.passivelearning50.TheauthormentionsthegameRumortoshowthat_____.

A.amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedon

B.amessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentways

C.peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearing

D.peopletendnottobelieveinwhattheyknowasrumor51.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Activelearningislessimportant.

B.Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.

C.Activelearningoccursmorefrequently.

D.Passivelearningisnotfoundamongscholars.6.

Theliteralmeaningofphilosophyis“l(fā)oveofwisdom”.Butthismeaningdoesnottellusverymuch.Unliketheotherdisciplines（學(xué)科）,philosophycannotedefinedbywhatyoustudy,becauseitisactuallyunlimited.

Anythingcanbethesubjectmatterofphilosophy:are,history,law,language,literature,mathematics,andinfact,theotheracademicdisciplinesaredirectlyrelatedtophilosophy.ForthisreasonyougetaDoctorate（博士學(xué)位）ofPhilosophy(Ph.D.)inbiochemistry,orcomputerscience,orpsychology.

Twobroadsub-fieldsofphilosophyarelogicandthehistoryofphilosophy.Logicisthescienceofargumentanderiticalthinking.Itprovidessoundmethodsfordistinguishinggoodfrombadreasoning.Thehistoryofphilosophyinvolvesthestudyofmajorphilosophersandpersuadeinthedevelopmentofphilosophy.

Ofwhatuseisphilosophy?Firstitisusefulineducationaladvancement.Itisnecessaryforunderstandingotherdisciplines.Onlyphilosophyquestionsthenatureoftheconceptsusedinadiscipline,anditsrelatingtootherdiscomposes.Andthoughtthestudyofphilosophy,onedevelopssoundmethodsofresearchandanalysisthatcanbeappliedtoanyfield.

Thereareanumberofgeneralusesofphilosophy.Itstrengthensone’sabilitytosolveproblems,tocommunicate,toorganizeideasandissues,topersuade,andtotakewhatisthemostimportantformalargequalityofdata.

Thesegeneralusesareofgreatbenefitinthecareerfield,notnecessarilyforobtainingone’sfirstjobaftergraduation,butforpreparingforpositionsofresponsibility,managementandleadershiplateron.Itisveryshortsiteafterall,totakeacourseofstudiesonlyforthepurposeofgettingone’sfirstjob.

Theusefulskillsdevelopedthoughtthestudyofphilosophyhavesignificantlong-termbenefitsincareeradvancement.Nootherdisciplinesystematicallyfollowstheidealsofwisdom,leadership,andcapacitytoresolvehumanconflict.72.AccprdomgtoParagraph1.Philosophycanbestbedescribedasthestudyof

.A.socialsciences

B.naturalsciencesC.bothsocialandnaturalsciences

D.thesubjectmatterofpolitics73.Withthestudyofphilosophy,youcan

.A.becomeagreatleaderB.succeedineverythingC.findagoodjobsoonaftergraduationD.makeprogressinyourcareerdevelopment74.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Philosophyisanindependentdiscipline.B.Logichelpsyoutobecomeabetterthinker.C.Thestudyofphilosophybringsyouimmediatebenefits.D.Themeaningofphilosophyistoolimitedtodefine.75.Fromthepassage,wecanconclude

A.notallthesubjectshavetodowithphilosophyB.apersonwillgetaPh.D.

ifhe/shestudiesphilosophyC.philosophycanbehelpfulforthestudyofanyothersubjectsD.philosophyistheonlysolutiontoalltheproblemstheworld7.Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.Sodohumans.Whenyouseeanappleorapieceofchocolateyouknowthatthesearethingsyoucaneat.Youcanalsouseothersenseswhenyouchooseyourfood.Youmaylikeitbecauseitsmellsgoodorbecauseittastesgood.Youmaydislikesometypesoffoodbecausetheydonotlook,smellortasteverynice.Differentanimalsusedifferentsensestofindandchoosetheirfood.Afewanimalsdependononlyoneoftheirsenses,whilemostanimalsusemorethanonesense.Althoughtherearemanydifferenttypesoffood,someanimalsspendtheirliveseatingonlyonetype.Thegiantpanda（大熊貓）eatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo（竹子）.Otheranimalseatonlyonetypeoffoodevenwhengiventhechoice.Akindofwhitebutterfly（蝴蝶）willstayontheleavesofacabbage,eventhoughthereareplentyofothervegetablesinthegarden.However,mostanimalshaveamorevarieddiet（多樣化飲食）.Thebeareatsfruitsandfish.Thefoxeatssmallanimals,birdsandfruits.Thedietoftheseanimalswillbedifferentdependingontheseason.Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodernlife.60.Wecaninferfromthetextthathumansandanimals_________.

A.dependononesenseinchoosingfood

B.

arenotsatisfiedwiththeirfood

C.choosefoodinsimilarways

D.eatentirelydifferentfood61.Whichofthefollowingeatsonlyonetypeoffood?

A.Thewhitebutterfly.

B.Thesmallbird.

C.Thebear.

D.Thefox.62.Certainanimalschangetheirchoiceoffoodwhen___________.

A.theseasonchanges

B.thefoodcolorchanges

C.theymovetodifferentplaces

D.theyareattractedbydifferentsmells63.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat__________.

A.foodischosenforagoodreason

B.FrenchandBritishfoodisgood

C.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffood

D.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydiet

8.mostancient.Withaclearsymbolicmeaning.theflaginthetraditionalformisstillusedtodaytomarkbuildings,shipsandothervehiclesrelatedtoacountry.Thenationalflagasweknowittodayisinnowayaprimitive（原始的）artifact.Itis,rather,whichtheearlierservedtoshowwinddirection.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.Evenaftertheyhadlearnedhowtoplantgrains,theystillneededhelpfromnaturetoensuregoodharvests.Thereforetheyfearedanddependedonthepowerofthewind,whichcouldbringwarmthfromonedirectionandcoldfromanother.Usingasimplepieceofclothtiedtothetopofaposttotellthedirectionofthewindwasmoredependablethanearliermethods,suchaswatchingtherisingofsmokefromafire.Theconnection

oftheflagwithheavenlypowerwas

thereforereasonable.Earlyhumansocietiesbegantofixlongpiecesofclothtothetopsoftotems(圖騰)beforecarryingthemintobattle.Theybelievedthatthepowerofthewindwouldbeaddedtothegoodwishesofthegodsandancestorsrepresentedbythetotemsthemselves.71．Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe

.

A．DevelopmentoftheNationalFlag.

B．PoweroftheNationalFlag.

C．Typesof

Flags

D．UsesofFlags72．Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3means

.

A．impossibletomakesureof

B．likelytobeprotected

C．easytodamage

D．difficulttofind73．Theearliestflagswereconnectedwithheavenlypowerbecause

.

A．theycouldtellwinddirection

B．theycouldbringgoodlucktofighters

C．theywerehandeddownbytheancestors

D．theywerebelievedtostandfornaturalforces74．Whatdoestheauthorknowofthefirstnationalflag?

A．HeknowswhenitwassenttoEurope.

B．HebelievesitwasmadeinEgypt.

C．HethinksitcamefromChina.

D．Hedoubtswhereitstarted.75．Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?

A．TheroleofChinainthespreadofthenationalflag.

B．Thesecondancestorofthenationalflag

C．TheuseofmodernflagsinEurope.

D．Theimportanceofmodernflags.9.PITTSBURGH–Formostpeople,snakesseemunpleasantoreventhreatening.ButHowieChosetseesintheirdelicatemovementsawaytosavelives.The37-year-oldCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorhasspentyearsdevelopingsnake-likerobotshehopeswilleventuallyslidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafternaturaldisastersorotheremergencies.DanKaraispresidentofRoboticsTrends,aNorthboro,Mass.-basedcompanythatpublishesanonlineindustrymagazineandrunsroboticstradeshows.Hesaidthereareothersnake-likerobotsbeingdeveloped,mainlyatuniversities,butdidn’tknowofonethatcouldclimbpipes.TheCarnegieMellonmachinesaredesignedtocarrycamerasandelectronicsensorsandcanbecontrolledwithajoystick(操縱桿).Theymovesmoothlywiththehelpofsmallelectricmotors,orservos,commonlyusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanes.Builtfromlightweightmaterials,therobotsareaboutthesizeofahumanarmorsmaller.Theycansensewhichwayisup,butareonlyasgoodastheirhumanoperators,Chosetadded.SamStover,asearchtermmanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencybasedinIndiana,saidsnake-typerobotswouldoffergreatermobilitythanequipmentcurrentlyavailable,suchascamerasattachedtoextendableroles.“Itjustallowsustodosomethingwe’vebeenabletodobefore,”Stoversaid,“Weneededthemyesterday.”Hesaidsnifferdogsarestillthebestsearchtoolforrescueworkers,butthattheycanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenworkershaveaccesstodamagedbuilding.Stover,amongtherescueworkerswhohandledtheaftermath(后果)ofHurricaneKatrina,saidsnakerobotswouldhavehelpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesinthatdisaster.Chosetsaidtherobotsmaynotbereadyforuseforanotherfivetotenyears,dependingonfunding.72.WhichinstitutionisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofChoset’srobots?A.RoboticsTrends.

B.PittsburghCityCouncil.C.CarnegieMellonUniversity.

D.FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.73.Chosetbelievesthathisinvention______.A.

canbeattachedtoanelectronicarmB.

canbeusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanesC.

canfindvictimsmorequicklythanasnifferdogD.

cansenseitswaynobetterthanitsoperators74.Bysaying“Weneededthemyesterday”(paragraph7),Stovermeansthatsnake-likerobots_____.A.

couldhelphandletheaftermathofHurricaneKatrinaB.

wouldhavebeenputtouseinpastrescueworkC.

helpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesyesterdayD.

wereingreaterneedyesterdaythantoday75.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Snake-likerobotsusedinindustries.B.

Snake-likerobotsmadetoaidinrescues.C.

Thedevelopmentofsnake-likerobots.D.

Theworkingprinciplesofsnake-likerobots.10.Attitudeisaninternal(內(nèi)在的)statethatinfluencesthechoicesofpersonalactionmadebytheindividual(個(gè)人).Someresearchersconsiderthatattitudescomefromdifferencesbetweenbeliefsandideas:othersbelievethatattitudescomefromemotionalstates.Here,wefocusontheeffectsofattitudesuponbehavior,thatis,uponthechoicesofactionmadebytheindividual.Thekindsofactionstakenbyhumanbeingsareobviouslyinfluencedgreatlybyattitudes.Whetheronelistenstoclassicalmusicorrock,whetheroneobeysthespeedlimitwhiledriving,whetheroneencouragesone’shusbandorwifetoexpresshisorherownideas－allareinfluencedbyattitudes.Theseinternalstatesareacquired(獲得)throughoutlifefromsituationsoneisfacedwithinthehome,inthestreets,andintheschool.Ofcourse,thecourseofactionchosenbyanindividualinanysituationwillbelargelydeterminedbytheparticularsofthatsituation.Anindividualwhohasastrongattitudeofobeyinglawsmaydrivetoofastwhenheisinahurryandnopolicecarsinsight.Achildwhohasastrongattitudeofhonestymaystealapennywhenshethinksnoonewillnotice.Buttheinternalstatewhichremainsunchangedoveraperiodoftime,andwhichmakestheindividualbehaveregularlyinavarietyofsituations,iswhatismeantbyanattitude.Attitudesarelearnedinavarietyofways.Theycanresultfromsingleincidents,aswhenanattitudetowardsnakesisacquiredbyanexperienceinchildhoodatthesuddenmovementofasnake.Theycanresultfromtheindividual’sexperiencesofsuccessandpleasure,aswhensomeoneacquiresapositiveattitudetowarddoingcrosswordpuzzlesbybeingabletocompletesomeofthem,Andfrequently,theyarelearnedbycopyingotherpeople’sabletocompletesomeofthem,Andfrequently,theyarelearnedbycopyingotherpeople’sbehavior,aswhenachildlearnshowtobehavetowardforeignersbyobservingtheactionsofhisparents.Regardlessofthesedifferences,thereissomethingincommoninthelearningandmodification(修正)ofattitudes.52．Accordingtothepassage,attitudes__________.

A．comefromdifferentsituationsinone’slife

B．a(chǎn)relargelyaffectedbyone’sbehavior

C．remainunchangedinone’sdailylife

D．couldbechosenaccordingtoone’swill53．TheauthorusestheexamplesinParagraph3toshow______.

A．peopleoftenmakemistakeswhentheyarenotnoticed

B．peoplewithgoodattitudesmaysometimesdobaddeeds

C．particularsofasituationmayinfluenceanindividual’saction

D．a(chǎn)nindividualmaychangehisorherattitudefairlyeasily54．WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutthelearningofattitudes?

A．Attitudesareonlylearnedthroughone’ssuccess.

B．Attitudeslearnedindangerwilllastlonger.

C．Copyingothers’behaviorisnotagoodidea.

D．Attitudescanbelearnedfromone’s

parents.55．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．DifferencesofAttitudes.

B．NatureofAttitude.

C．ChoicesofAttitudes.

D．ModificationofAttitude.

11.

SusanSontag(1933--2004)wasoneofthemostnoticeablefiguresintheworldof

literature.Formorethan40yearsshemadeitmorallynecessarytoknowever