中考英語閱讀理解05事物介紹

閱讀理解（五）事物介紹

A[2019?原創(chuàng)]

Wikieisa14-year-oldwhalelivinginFrance.Sheisanorca（虎鯨），orakillerwhale.Killerwhalesare

verysmart.Theycanevenbetrainedto“speak"thehumanlanguage.

Wikieisoneofthosesmartkillerwhales.AgroupofinternationalresearchershavetaughtWikieto

repeathumanwords.Nowshecansaywordslike“hello"，“bye-bye"andthename“Amy”.Shealso

repeatsnumbersaswellassoundsmadebyhumans.Wikieisaquicklearner.Sheisabletomimic（模仿）a

wordorsoundafterjust10tries.

AlthoughWikieisabletomimichumanwordsandsounds,thatdoesnotmeanshecanunderstandthem.

JosepCallistheco-authorofthestudy.HetoldTheGuardianthatthereisnoevidence（證據(jù)）thatWikie

understandswhat“hello"standsfor.

Inthewild,killerwhalesliveingroups.Eachgroupusesdifferentsoundsandcallstocommunicatewith

eachother.Toeveryone'ssurprise,onekillerwhaleevenlearnttocommunicatewithadolphinwhileliving

withit.

Killerwhalescanstillmakeasoundthatcomesclosetowhatotherdifferentanimalscanmake.Only

humanbeingshavethisability.Thediscoveryisamazing.

Scientistssaythatthismimickingabilityisveryimportant.Animalscangetusedtochangesmoreeasily

andincreasetheirchancesofsurvival（生存）.

l.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnaboutkillerwhalesare.

A.thinB.smartC.lazyD.useful

2.WhatcanWikiedoaccordingtothepassage?

A.Shecandancetomusic.

B.Shecanrepeathumanwords.

C.Shecanunderstandhumanwords.

D.Shecanmimichuman'saction.

3.Fromthethirdparagraph,wecaninfer（推斷）.

A.Wikiecan'tunderstandthemeaningofhumanwords

B.Wikiejustcanrepeatsomehumanwords

C.Wikiecancommunicatewithsomehumanwords

D.Wikiecanmimichumanactions

4.Whichdiscoveryisamazing?

A.Killerwhalescanmimicotherdifferentanimals'sound.

B.Killerwhaleslikelivingingroups.

C.Killerwhalesgetusedtochangesmoreeasily.

D.Killerwhalescancommunicatewithhumanbeings.

5.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Wikie'sunusualability

B.Astudyaboutkillerwhales

C.Theimportanceofmimickingability

D.Howtocommunicatewitheachother

B[2019?原創(chuàng)]

Whatcolorisatennisball?Askyourclassmates,andtheymightgiveyousomesurprisinganswers.

TheUSmagazineTheAtlanticasked30,000peoplethisquestion.Amongthem,52percentsaidtennis

ballsaregreen,42percentsaidtheyareyellow,and6percentwentwithothercolors.

AccordingtotheInternationalTennisFederation,tennisballsareyellow.Sowhydidsomanypeoplesay

thatthey'regreen?

Whenwefirstseeanobjectinnaturallight,ourbrainsrecognizeitstruecolor.Eveniftheobjectisseen

indifferentkindsoflightlater,ourbrainscanstilltellitstruecolor.Scientistscallthiscolorconstancy（'恒

常性）.Forexample,weknowthatChina'sflagisred.Whenweseeitduringsunsetorunderpurplelight,we

stillknowthatitisred,evenifitlookslikeadifferentcolor.

However,thecolorofatennisballisnotaspure（純的）astheflag.Itappearstobeacombination（結(jié)合）

ofyellow,a“warm”colorandgreen,a“cool”color.

AccordingtoTheAtlantic,whenourbrainstrytofigureoutwhatcolortheballis,somepeopleignore（忽

略）“cool”colors,suchasgreen,blueandpurple.Sotheyseetheballasbeingyellow.Butothersignore

“warm”colors,suchasred,yellowandorange.Theyseetheballasbeinggreen.

Itisnotjusttennisballsthathavesuchaconfusingcolor.In2015,agirlpostedapictureofadress

online.Somepeoplebelievedthedresswasblackandblue—butothersthoughtitwasgoldandwhite.They

haddifferentopinionsbasedonwhethertheyignored“cold”or“wamTcolors.

1.ofpeoplesaidtennisballsaregreenaccordingtothesurvey.

A.52percentB.42percent

C.32percentD.6percent

2.Whencanourbrainsrecognizetheobject'struecolor?

A.Whenweseetheobjectagainandagain.

B.Whenwefirstseetheobjectinnaturallight.

C.Whenweseetheobjectatlast.

D.Whenwediscusswithothersatfirst.

3.Thecoloroftennisballisthecombinationofkindsofcolors.

A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five

4.What，sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“figureout”inChinese?

A.相配B.假設(shè)C.描述D.斷定

5.Whycandifferentpeopleseedifferentcolorsforthesameobject?

A.Becausetheireyesaredifferentinsize.

B.Becausetheyhavedifferentsenses.

C.Becausetheyignore“cold"or“warm"colors.

D.Becausetheyareinterestedindifferentcolors.

C[2019?原創(chuàng)]

Chinesepeopleareeatingtoomuchsalt.Onaverage,peopleinChinaeatabout10.5gramsofsalteach

day,muchhigherthanthe6gramsrecommended（建議）byChineseDietaryGuidelines（2016）.

Chinanowhasoneofthehighestsaltintakes（攝入量）intheworld.Tofixthis,Chinahadthefirstsalt

reduction（減少）guideforitsfoodindustry.

Iftheguideisfollowedproperly,theaveragesaltintakeforChinesepeoplewilldropby20percentby

2030.Theguidecallsforfoodcompaniestolowerthesaltcontentintheirproductsbyimprovingtheir

productiontechniques（技術(shù)）andadjusting（調(diào)整）flavors.

Thesaltwetakeinmainlycomesfromprocessed（力口工的）food.Forexample,a104-gramcanofLay，

sclassicpotatochipshasabout0.66gramsofsaltinit,whichaccountsforover10percentofthe

recommendeddailysaltintake.A100-grambagofKangshifuinstantnoodleshasnearly2gramsofsalt.

“Asmallamountofsaltmakesfoodtastebetterandisimportantforgoodhealth,buteatingtoomuch

increasestheriskofhighbloodpressure,heartattacks（心臟?。゛ndstrokes（中風(fēng)）theXinhuaNews

Agencyreported.

Lesssaltleadstobetterhealth.Andthere?snoneedtoworrythatfoodwillbelesstastyinthefuture.A

studybytheMonellChemicalSensesCenterintheUnitedStatesfoundthatit'seasyforpeopletoreduce

theirsaltintake.Althoughyoumaythinkyourfoodisnotsaltyenoughatfirst,yourtastebuds（味蕾）will

graduallygetusedtoitandyouwillfeelthatyourfoodtastesthesameasitdidbefore.

1.Chinesepeopleeatgramsofsaltonaverageeachday.

A.6B.8C.10.5D.0.66

2.Howdoesthefirstsaltreductionguideaskthefoodcompaniestolowerthesaltcontent?

a.Byaddingsomeproducts.

b.Byimprovingtheirproductiontechniques.

c.Byadjustingflavors.

d.Bygivingawaysomemoney.

A.abB.bcC.acD.cd

3.Fromthefourthparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A.saltisbadforourbody

B.processedfoodhasmuchsalt

C.processedfoodisdelicious

D.saltmainlycomesfromChina

4.Whatcanhappenifpeopleeattoomuchsalt?

A.Itcausessomeillnesses.

B.ltisbetterforourhealth.

C.Itmaymakeusrunfaster.

D.Itwillhelpusimproveourskills.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Chinanowhasoneofthelowestsaltintakesintheworld.

B.Chinesepeopleloveeatingsaltverymuch.

C.Weusuallylikebuyingsweetfood.

D.Peopleshouldeatlesssalt.

參考答案

A［主旨大意］本文是一篇說明文，講述了科學(xué)家對虎鯨的研究。科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)虎鯨具有模仿人類語言的能力，但是虎鯨

并不明白這些人類語言的意思。

1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句"Killerwhalesareverysmart.”可知,虎鯨很聰明。故選B。

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"AgroupofinternationalresearchershavetaughtWikietorepeathuman

words.”可知,Wikie可以重復(fù)人類的詞語。故選B。

3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"AlthoughW汰ieisabletomimichumanwordsandsounds,thatdoesnot

meanshecanunderstandthem."可知,W汰ie不理解那些單詞的意思。故選A。

4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Killerwhalescanstillmakeasoundthatcomesclosetowhatotherdifferent

animalscanmake.Onlyhumanbeingshavethisability.Thediscoveryisamazing."可知,虎鯨能發(fā)出其他動(dòng)物

發(fā)出的叫聲，這讓人很驚奇。故選A。

5.B標(biāo)題歸納題。Astudyaboutkillerwhales意為"一項(xiàng)關(guān)于虎鯨的研究：通讀全文可知，本文講述了虎鯨的一些模

仿能力，這種能力是科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選民

B［主旨大意］本文是一篇說明文。講述了對待混合顏色的物體，不同的人能看出不同的顏色。根本原因是這些人在判

斷物體顏色的時(shí)候,忽視了“冷色”或“暖色”中的一方面。

1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段第二句"52percentsaidtennisballsaregreen”可知，百分之五十二的人說網(wǎng)球

是綠色的。故選A。

2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第四段第,徇"Whenwefirstseeanobjectinnaturallight,ourbrainsrecognizeits

truecolor."可知,當(dāng)我們在自然光下第一次看到一個(gè)物體時(shí)，我們的大腦能夠識別出它真正的顏色。故選B。

3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第五段第二句"Itappearstobeacombinationofyellow,a'warm'colorandgreen,

a'cool'color.”可知，網(wǎng)球顏色是兩種色系的結(jié)合。故選A。

4.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文信息可知，一些人忽略“冷色”，?些人忽略暖色，這是大腦在試圖判斷球的顏色。故