高二英語人教版必修八講義UNIT4SECTIONⅠ

依據(jù)蔣勝男同名小說改編的長篇古裝電視劇?羋月傳?由鄭曉龍執(zhí)導，敘述了中國歷史上第一位女政治家羋月極為曲折傳奇的人生故事。LegendofMiYueLegendofMiYue,basedonapopularonlinenovelwrittenbyJiangShengnan,tellsthestoryofMiYueandherlifeconnectedwithpolitics,warandromance.MiYue,arealhistoricalfigurewholivedduringtheWarringStatesperiod,wasthefirstempressdowager①inChina.MiYuelivedinChuduringtheWarringStatesperiod.ShewassenttoQinasaconcubine②andpartofhersisterMiShu'sdowry③.YingSi,thekingofQin,passesawaywhilehissonsarestillbattlingforthethrone,andultimately,YingDangesoutasthesuccessor.MiYueisbanished④toYanwithherson.However,YingDangsuddenlydies,leavingQininastateofchaos.MiYuegetsthehelpofYiQu'sarmy,successfullyreturningtoQin,puttinganendtopoliticalrevolts⑤andmakeshersonYingJisucceedtothethrone.Thus,MiYuebeesthefirstempressdowagerinChinesehistory.The81-episodeTVseriesisthelatestproductionofmainlanddirectorZhengXiaolong,whosepreviouscostumedrama,LegendofZhenHuan,wasabighitin2011.[閱讀障礙詞]①empressdowager皇太后②concubinen．妾③dowryn．嫁妝④banishv．流放⑤revoltn．叛亂Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．classicA．tolookoverfromahigherplace2．classifyB．ofthehighestclass,esp.inartorliterature3．overlookC．expressstrongdisapprovalof4．remarkD．toarrangesth.ingroupsaccordingtofeaturesthattheyhaveinmon5．condemnE．a(chǎn)statementthatexpressesapersonalopinionorbelief6．promiseF．a(chǎn)personthatyouknowwhoisnotaclosefriend7．betrayG．toignoreone'sprinciplesorbeliefsinordertogainsth.8．a(chǎn)cquaintanceH．a(chǎn)nagreementinwhicheachsidegivesupsomeofthethingstheywant9．hesitateI．conformingtofactandthereforeworthyofbelief10．a(chǎn)uthenticJ．tobeslowtoact,speakordecide答案：1～5BDAEC6～10HGFJIⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Shepassedherselfoffasanexpertonmodernliterature.冒充成……2．Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.就……來說，從……角度3．ItwasatMary'sbirthdaypartythatIfirstmadehisacquaintance.與某人相識4．Generallyspeaking,cancercanonlybecontrolled,notcured.一般來說5．Hemadeafortunebysellingfriedchickeninthemarket.發(fā)財Lookatthetwopicturesandfillintheblankswithproperwords.Fromtheabovepictures,wemayknowthatthefilmMyFairLady(中文名：?窈窕淑女?)wasadoptedfromthedrama,Pygmalion(中文名：?賣花女?/?皮格馬利翁?),whosewriterisGeorge_Bernard_Shaw,_afamousBritishplaywright.Ⅰ.Fast-readingReadthetextquicklyandfillintheblanks.Theplayismainlyaboutapoorflowergirlwhoisluckytoeacrossaprofessorwhomighthelphertoimproveherlife.Ⅱ.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．ThistextismainlyaboutthefirstexperienceofElizameetingwith________.A．ProfessorHigginsB．ColonelPickeringC．ProfessorHigginsandColonelPickeringD．a(chǎn)gentleman2．Elizagreetedtothegentlemaninorderto________.A．a(chǎn)skhimtobuysomeflowersfromherB．talkwithhimC．a(chǎn)skhimtoteachherD．begsomemoneyfromhim3．Elizabegantocrybecause________.A．shethoughtProfessorHigginswouldarrestherB．thegentlemandidn'tgiveheranymoneyC．PickeringbeatandscoldedherD．therewasnoreason4．ProfessorHigginsbelievedthathecouldjudgepeopleby________.A．theirappearances B．theiractionsC．theirconversations D．theirmanners5．Fromthetext,wecaninferthatProfessorHigginsisamandescribedbelowEXCEPTthat________.A．hedoesn'tcareaboutmoneyB．heisanexpertinphoneticsC．heisproudD．heisgreedy答案：1～5CAACDⅢ.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Nearbyaflowergirlwearingdarkgarmentsandawoollenscarfisalsoshelteringfromtherain.[句式分析]句中現(xiàn)在分詞短語wearingdarkgarmentsandawoollenscarf作后置定語，修飾girl。[嘗試翻譯]四周一個穿著黑色衣裙、圍著羊毛圍巾的賣花姑娘也在躲雨。2．Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.[句式分析]everytime“每次〞，形式上是一個名詞短語，但實際上具有連詞的功能，引導一個時間狀語從句。[嘗試翻譯]但是他們一張嘴就會露出馬腳(暴露自己的身份)。3．But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgardenparty.[句式分析]本句為主從復合句，once引導一個條件狀語從句，省略了主語及系動詞thatgirlis。[嘗試翻譯]不過，先生，(傲慢地)要是一旦有人教她把英語說好了，她就可以在三個月以內(nèi)冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園晚會了。[對應同學課下力量提升(十三)]閱讀理解AWhengoingthroughmajorlifechanges,likechangingcareers,IwouldchangethepeoplewithwhomIspentthemosttime.We'veallgonethroughperiodswhenthepeopleinourliveshavechanged—graduation,movingtoanewcity,gettinganewjob,joininganewclub,etc.Idon'tthinkIneedtoconvinceyoujusthowmuchinfluenceotherpeoplecanhaveoveryouridentity.Ifyou'veeverexperiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironment,thenyouknowthatyouchangesaswell.Mostpeopledon'tmakethesechoicesconsciously(意識到地)though.Youmightconsciouslydecidetospendmoretimewithacertainfriend,oryoumayasksomeoneoutonadatetobeginanewrelationship.Butfewpeoplechoosetheirexistingfriendshipsdeliberately.There's_no_“getting_rid_of_people〞.Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother'slives.Associationsgrowintofriendships,andfriendshipsfadeintoassociations.Youdon'tgetridofanyone.Thetruthisthatinordertomakeroomfornewpeopleandnewexperiences,youmayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections.Whataboutloyalty(忠誠)?Shouldn'tyoualwaysbeloyaltoyourfriends?Onceyouhaveaclosefriend,eveniftheirinfluenceonyouisslightlyharmful,shouldn'tyoustickbythem?Loyaltytoafriendsometimesmeanshavingtoletgo.Itmeansbeingloyaltotheirhighestandbestaswell.Ifsomeoneisdestroyinghishealthbysmoking,forexample,youaren'tshowingloyaltybysmokingrightalongwithhim.Trueloyaltysometimesrequiresthatyoubreakdamagingconnections,getyourselfbackonsolidground,andthendecidewhatyoucanreallydotohelpyourfriend.Itcantakealotofcouragetotellsomeone,“I'msorry,butIcan'thaveyouinmylifeanymore.〞Buteventhoughthismightseemlikeaselfishactattimes,it'softenthebestthingfortheotherpersontoo.Ifarelationshipisholdingyoubackinsomeway,understandthatit'salsohurtingtheotherperson.Forexample,ifyouworkforaviolentboss,youracceptanceofthatsituationisconsideredtobesilentapproval,encouragingyourbosstocontinuetobehaveviolently.語篇解讀：人們發(fā)生重大生活變化的時候，人際環(huán)境也會變化，這就涉及交往過程中伴侶關(guān)系的處理，怎么做才是對伴侶的忠誠，作者給出了自己的看法。1．Whenexperiencingmajorlifechanges,peoplemay________.A．joinanewsocialmunityB．influencetheirfriendsaroundC．choosetheirfriendshipspurposelyD．havetheirpeopleenvironmentchanged解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句話(當我經(jīng)受主要生活變化時，比方換工作，我總是會變換和我大局部時間在一起的人。)可知，當人們經(jīng)受重大生活變化時，可能會轉(zhuǎn)變他們的人際環(huán)境。2．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean?A．Everyonehasatleastonefriend.B．Itisunnecessarytomakenewfriends.C．Friendshipstillexiststhoughthere'slessconnection.D．Yououghttotreatyouroldandnewfriendequally.解析：選C句意理解題。依據(jù)畫線句子后面的描述可知，人們之間深化的交往可以變成友情，曾經(jīng)的友情也會隕落成簡潔的交往，但是我們不行能擺脫任何人。C項和文章意思吻合，應選C項。其他選項在本段中沒有信息示意。3．Whatistheauthor'sopinionontheloyaltytofriends?A．Neverbetrayyourclosefriendswhateverhappens.B．Correcttheirmistakeswhileyouguardtheirgoodness.C．Stickbyyourfriendseventhoughtheydoharmtoyou.D．Breakupwithyourfriendsimmediatelyiftheysmoke.解析：選B推理推斷題。倒數(shù)其次段最終一句話表達了作者對忠誠的理解：真正的忠誠有時要求你打破有破壞性的聯(lián)系，堅持你自己的立場，然后再打算你能做什么去關(guān)心你的伴侶。這和B項意思全都，應選B項。4．Howshouldwebehavewhenemployedbyaviolentboss?A．Weshouldacceptwhatwearetoldtodo.B．Weshouldstaysilentandbeinfavorofit.C．Weshouldbravelydisobeyhimifheiswrong.D．Weshouldgiveourbosscouragetocontinue.解析：選C推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，假如不阻擋暴力老板的行為，就意味著默許，這會讓老板連續(xù)暴力下去。雖然張口指出其錯誤需要很大的士氣，但是這看似自私的行為對雙方是最好的。BIn1947agroupoffamouspeoplefromtheartworldheadedbyanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternationalfestivalofmusic,danceandtheatreinEdinburgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.ItquicklyattractedfamousnamessuchasAlecGuinness,RichardBurton,DameMargotFonteynandMarleneDietrichaswellasthebigsymphonyorchestras(交響樂團).ItbeesafixedeventeveryAugustandnowattracts400,000peopleyearly.Atthesametime,the“Fringe〞appearedasachallengetotheofficialfestival.Eighttheatregroupsturnedupuninvitedin1947,inthebeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperform,andtheydidsoinapublichousedisusedforyears.Soon,groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversity,andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge,DurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatrebylittle-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofEdinburgh.Todaythe“Fringe〞，oncelessrecognized,hasfaroutgrownthefestivalwitharound1,500performancesoftheatre,musicanddanceoneveryoneofthe21daysitlasts.Andyetasearlyas1959,withonly19theatregroupsperforming,somesaiditwasgettingtoobig.Apaidadministrator(行政人員)wasfirstemployedonlyin1971,andtodaythereareeightadministratorsworkingallyearroundandthenumberrisesto150duringAugustitself.In2004therewere200placeshousing1,695showsbyover600differentgroupsfrom50differentcountries.Morethan1.25millionticketsweresold.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。1947年一群藝術(shù)界的聞名藝術(shù)家在一位奧地利指揮家的帶著下，打算在愛丁堡舉辦國際藝術(shù)節(jié)來使整個歐洲在二戰(zhàn)后再團結(jié)起來。沒想到這個藝術(shù)節(jié)得到了很多人的青睞，并快速開展。5．WhatwasthepurposeofEdinburghFestivalatthebeginning?A．TobringEuropetogetheragain.B．TohonorheroesofWorldWarⅡ.C．Tointroduceyoungtheatregroups.D．ToattractgreatartistsfromEurope.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段最終一句可知，舉辦愛丁堡藝術(shù)節(jié)的目的是讓歐洲人民在二戰(zhàn)后再團結(jié)起來。6．WhydidsomeuninvitedtheatregroupsetoEdinburghin1947?A．Theyownedapublichousethere.B．Theycametotakeupachallenge.C．Theythoughttheywerealsofamous.D．Theywantedtotakepartinthefestival.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。由第三段其次句可知，8個劇組于1947年在未受到邀請的狀況下參與了這次音樂節(jié)，他們是帶著每個人都有權(quán)表演的信念來的。D項符合文意。7．Whojoinedthe“Fringe〞afteritappeared?A．Popularwriters.B．Universitystudents.C．Artistsfromaroundtheworld.D．Performersofmusicanddance.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。由第四段可知，先是愛丁堡高校的同學，后來是牛津、劍橋、達勒姆和伯明翰高校的同學，他們紛紛來到蘇格蘭首府表演。故此題選B。8．WemaylearnfromthetextthatEdinburghFestival________.A．hasbeeanon-officialeventB．hasgonebeyondanartfestivalC．givesshowsallyearroundD．keepsgrowingrapidly解析：選D推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)其次段可知，該節(jié)日曾經(jīng)不被成認，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為持續(xù)21天，每天都有約1500種表演的盛大的藝術(shù)節(jié)了。CTheearthprovidesuswithalmosteverythingthatweneedtoeat,sleep,workandentertain.Todoallthis,weusetheearth'sresources.Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.Atthesametime,wealsocreateagreatdealofwasteandpollution.Sowealsoneedtothinkabouthowmuchlandweusetodealwiththatwaste.Thentwothingshappen:first,largenumbersoftheworld'spopulationgetmuchlessresourcesthantheyneedtolive;second,theearthisdamaged.Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.Theyshowwhoselifestylesareaburdenontheearthandwhoselifestylesarenot.Becauseafewpeopleeatupmostoftheearth'sresources,themajorityhavetobeartheconsequences—likepollution.Thisistheecologicalfootprintsthattheearthkeepsinitsmemory.Someyearsago,afamousexpert,calledWilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.Today,thisideahasbeelikeamagnifyingglass(放大鏡).Itallowsustoseewhetherwearelivinglivesinawaythatkeepstheearthinareasonablygoodshape.Oncetheearthgoesoutofshape,thereisnohopeforhumanbeings.CountriesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadahavebigecologicalfootprints.ReescalculatedthattheaverageamountofenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyaCanadianiswhatalandof4.3hectarescanproduce.Indiahasafootprintof0.4.ThismeansthattheenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyanIndianiswhat0.4hectaresoflandcanproduce.Butifwelookmorecarefully,wewillfindthatevenwithinIndia,thefootprintsofthecityIndianaremuchlargerthantheruralIndian.語篇解讀：本文是一篇談論文。我們消費及鋪張的能源數(shù)量就是留在地球上的腳印，腳印越多說明消費的資源越多，給地球造成的負擔就越重。一旦把地球踩得變了形，那人類就沒有了生存的盼望。9．Accordingtothetext,richpeople________.A．shouldgivemoremoneytothepoorB．a(chǎn)reusingtoomanyresourcesC．a(chǎn)rehelpingthepoortolivebetterlivesD．shouldliveinruralareaswiththepoor解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段第三句“Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.〞可知，有更強購置力的人使用的資源超過了他們的實際需要，即富人消耗的資源太多。故答案選B。10．Ourfootprintsontheearthreferto________.A．thecitieswebuildB．thecultureswecreateC．themarksweleaveonroadsbehindusD．theresourcesweuseandthewasteweproduce解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句和最終一句可知，地球上的腳印指的是我們消費的能源數(shù)量以及我們所產(chǎn)生的鋪張。故答案選D。11．WecanlearnfromthetextthatRees________.A．putforwardtheideaoftheecologicalfootprintsB．thoughthighlyoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaC．thoughtIndiawasanextremelypoorcountryD．thoughtrichpeoplemadegreatcontributionstosociety解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Someyearsago...WilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.〞可知，答案選A。12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A．FootprintsontheEarthB．HowtoProtecttheEarthC．FootprintsofWildAnimalsD．HowtoReducePollutionontheEarth解析：選A標題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，其次段是本文的主題段。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.〞并結(jié)合下文中屢次提到的“footprints〞可知，A項“地球上的腳印〞適合做標題。故答案選A。eq\a\vs4\al([課文對譯])PYGMALIONMAINCHARACTERS：ElizaDoolittle(E):apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimproveherselfProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequalityofaperson'sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsocietyColonelPickering(CP):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendofHiggins'whosetshimataskActOneFATEFULMEETINGS11：15pminLondon,Englandin1914outsideatheatre.Itispouringwithrainandcabwhistlesareblowinginalldirections.Amanishidingfromtherainlisteningtopeople'slanguageandwatchingtheirreactions.Whilewatching,hemakesnotes.Nearbyaflowergirlwearingdarkgarmentsandawoollenscarfisalsoshelteringfromtherain.Agentleman(G)passesandhesitatesforaE：eover'ere,cap'in,andbuymeflowersoffapoorgirl.G：I'msorrybutIhaven'tanychange.E：Icangiv'ouchange,cap'in.G：(surprised)Forapound?I'mafraidI'vegotnothingless.E：(hopefully)Oah!Oh,dobuyafloweroffme,Captain.Takethisforthreepence.(holdsupsomedeadflowers)G：(unfortably)Nowdon'tbetroublesome,there'sagoodgirl.(looksinhiswalletandsoundsmorefriendly)But,wait,here'ssomesmallchange.Willthatbeofanyusetoyou?It'srainingheavilynow,isn'tit？(leaves)E：(disappointedattheoute,butthinkingitisbetterthannothing)Thankyou,sir.(seesamantakingnotesandfeelsworried)Hey!Iain'tdonenothingwrongbyspeakingtothatgentleman.I'vearighttosellflowers,Ihave.Iain'tnothief.I'manhonestgirlIam！(beginstocry)H：(kindly)There!There!Who'shurtingyou,yousillygirl?Whatdoyoutakemefor？(givesherahandkerchief)E：Ithoughtmaybeyouwasapolicemanindisguise.H：DoItooklikeapoliceman?E：(stillworried)Thenwhydid'outakedownmywordsfor?HowdoIknowwhether'outookmedownright？'oujustshowmewhat'ou'vewroteaboutme!H：Hereyouare.(handsoverthepapercoveredinwriting)E：What'sthat?Thatain'tproperwriting.Ican'treadthat.(pushesitbackathim)H：Ican.(readsimitatingEliza)“eover'ere,cap'in,andbuymeflowersoffapoorgirl.〞(inhisownvoice)ThereyouareandyouwereborninLissonGroveifI'mnotmistaken.E：(lookingconfused)WhatifIwas?What'sittoyou?CP：(hasbeenwatchingthegirlandnowspeakstoHiggins)That'squitebrilliant!Howdidyoudothat,mayIask?H：Simplyphoneticsstudiedandclassifiedfrompeople'sownspeech.That'smyprofessionandalsomyhobby.Youcanplaceamanbyjustafewremarks.Icanplaceanyspokenconversationwithinsixmiles,andevenwithintwostreetsinLondonsometimes.CP：Letmecongratulateyou!Butisthereaninetobemadeinthat?H：Yes,indeed.Quiteagoodone.Thisistheageofthenewlyrich.PeoplebegintheirworkinglifeinapoorneighbourhoodofLondonwith80poundsayearandendinarichonewith100thousand.Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.Nowoncetaughtbyme,she'dbeeanupperclasslady...CP：Isthatso?Extraordinary!H：(rudely)LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish:theEnglishthatwillcondemnhertotheguttertotheendofherdays.But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgardenparty.PerhapsIcouldevenfindheraplaceasalady'smaidorashopassistant,whichrequiresbetterEnglish.E：What'sthatyousay?Ashopassistant?Nowthat'ssommatIwant,thatis!H：(ignoresher)Canyoubelievethat?CP：Ofcourse!IstudymanyIndiandialectsmyselfand...H：Doyouindeed?DoyouknowColonelPickering?CP：IndeedIdo,forthatisme.Whoareyou?H：I'mHenryHigginsandIwasgoingtoIndiatomeetyou.CP：AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!E：Whataboutme?How'llyouhelpme?H：Oh,takethat.(carelesslythrowsahandfulofmoneyintoherbasket)Wem