學(xué)考語法復(fù)習(xí)名詞和冠詞

GrammarrevisionArticlesandNounsUsagesof“a&an”表示“一個”，意為one；表示單位Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.

用在Mr./Mrs./Miss+姓氏前，表示acertainAMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.代表一類人或物。

Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.用在quite,rather,many,half,what,such等詞后。

Manyaboyisswimming.Thevillageishalfanhour’swalkfromhere.

用在so(as/too/howetc.)+形容詞之后

Howinterestingafilmitis!(Howinterestingthefilmis!)Heisnotso/asgoodadriverasyou.用a/an+抽象名詞，表示“一件…的事,“一個….的人”

Asadoctor,heisagreatsuccess.Thepartywehadplannedlongturnedoutafailure.用a/an+物質(zhì)名詞，表示“一點(diǎn)、一份、一些”等。

forceasmile;makeanoise;haveaneffecton;I’dliketohaveanice-creamandtwocoffees,please.setphrasesandidioms

alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apileof/agreatmany/manya/asamatteroffact/ataloss/keepsbatadistance/inaway/inahurry/inaminute/inawordinashortwhile/afterawhile/forawhile/haveacoldlendsb.ahand/haveawordwith/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden/makealiving/takeawalk(rest/bath)/takeaninterestin/takeachance(risk)Usagesofa&anUsagesof“the”特指談話雙方都明白的人或物

Takethemedicineandyouwillfeelbettersoon.Mary,youarewantedonthephone.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示一家人或者夫婦二人

theGreens;theObamas

上文提到過的人或事：

Heboughtahouse.I’vebeentothehouse.表示世界上獨(dú)一物二的事物名詞thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth但是此類名詞前面如果有修飾成分，也可加a/anafullmoon,agreenedearth,abluesky用于有限制性定語修飾的名詞前

Thesupperthatyoutreatedmetowasunbelievablydisgusting.Usagesof“the”用在年代、朝代名詞以及逢十的數(shù)詞前theTangDynasty,theSpringandAutumnPeriod,intheearly/middle/late1990s與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人或者事物：Thelivingshouldcarryonwiththeunfishedcauseofthedead.

用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級以及及形容詞only,very,same等前

That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.

與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，特別是在表示發(fā)明物的名詞詞前

AlexanderGrahamBellisbelievedtohaveinventedthephonein1876.Usagesof“the”

用在表度量衡的名詞前面，表示“按…計(jì)算”EggsinChinaaresoldbythekilogramwhileinBritainbythebox.“動詞+sb+介詞+the+身體某一部位”中的the不可以用人稱代詞代替Tomygreatsurprise,hecaughtmebythearm.用在表示樂器的名詞之前

Inherleisuretime,sheisfondofplaythepiano.用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前theGreatWall,theNATO,theUNESCO,表示江河，山川，群島，海峽海灣前面theDeadSea,thePersianGulf,theSahara,theAlps,theStraitofTaiwanUsagesof“the”

用于形容詞的比較級前表示“兩者中較…的”；同時注意與1）固定句型“Themore…,themore….”;2）alargerone的區(qū)別Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAmerica?用在習(xí)慣用語中：

intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),

theotherday,atthesametime,bytheway,intheendinthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),onthewhole,inthelongrun,totellyouthetruth,forthetimebeing,ontheradio,ontheotherhandetc.Usagesof“zeroarticles”不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時Iwillturntomyfatherforadvicewhenintrouble.Theconsumptionofpetrolhasrisenrecently.在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)假日、星期等表示時間的名詞前

Itrarelysnowsinwinterinmyhometown-WenZhou.但注意:Thesummerthatyouspentwithmewascoolandfantastic.

在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動和娛樂運(yùn)動的名稱前havebreakfast,playchess/bowling,但是注意:Shehadaquicklunchforlackoftime.表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞

Chinese,English但注意：theEnglish/Frenchlanguage.Usagesof“zeroarticles”名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞和名詞所有格等限制時ThisbeingmyfirsttravelinChina,Iwasbothcuriousandexcited.在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞作賓補(bǔ)、同位語或表語前；

TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.I,presidentoftheUS,iscommittedtoensuringtheworldpeace.成對使用的名詞并用時，常省去冠詞；sidebyside,fromeasttowest,heartandsoulby/on與交通工具連用，表示一種方式時bybus,bytrain,onfoot在表示顏色的名詞前不用冠詞agirlinblueUsagesof“zeroarticles”有些短語有無冠詞意思不同

(school,college,prison,market,hospital,bedtable,class,town,church,court,infrontof,taketheplaceof,incharge/possessionof,outofquestion,inthefutureetc.)

固定短語

atfirstsight,onsecondthoughts,cometolight/power,incaseof,aheadoftime,rankfirst,dayandnight,bymistake/chance/accident/coincidence,catchfire,everyfewdays,tillnight,indebt,atrisk,indanegr,withoutdelay/questionetc.Pluralforms以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-esglasses,boxes,watches,brushes但注意：stomach—stomachs以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的變“y”為“i”再加“-es”babies,ladies,flies以“o”結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加-estomatoes,potatoes,heroes但注意：以兩個元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞、縮略詞和部分外來詞中以o結(jié)尾的詞只加-s

radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos,tobaccos,tatoos以“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變“f”或“fe”為“ves”

thieves,wives,lives,knives,wolves,shelves,leaves

但注意：handkerchiefs,roofs,chiefs,gulfs,beliefs,proofs,scarfsPluralforms改變元音字母man—men,mouse—mice,foot—feet,woman—women,tooth—teeth,goose—geese,foot-feet

但是注意：ox—oxen,child—children,medium-media,phenomemon-phenomena,analysis-analyses單、復(fù)數(shù)同形

means,Chinese,aircraft,deer,fish,sheep,works,cattle復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1)brothers-in-law,passers-by,lookers-on2)go-betweens,grown-ups通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞trousers,pants,jeans,scissors,troops,compasses,shoes,belongings,savings,stairs,valuables,surroundings,remains,ashes,thanks,regards

etc.Pluralforms有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看做整體，復(fù)數(shù)看做集體的各個成員family,team,government,company,class,group,club,audience,crew,population作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞時含義有區(qū)別的名詞：hair,experience,glass,youth,paper,death,stone,iron,fruit,beautyetc.Mr.Smithisanexpertwithrichworkexperience.ItisquiteanexperiencetotraveltoNepal.抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似

乎可以體驗(yàn)到的動作、行為或類別haveabetterunderstandingof,aknowledgeof...,Itisawasteoftimetodosth,

Possesivecase用于表示時間、距離、價格、重量等的名詞后today’snewspaper,fiveminutes’walk(drive),5pounds’weight,10dollars’worthofcoffee用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后

theearth’splanet,theword’spopulation,China’sindustry,NewYork’sparks表示“部分”“之一”時，一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個表示數(shù)量的詞SomestudentsofMisterZhang’shavegonetocollege.Thatinventionofhishaschangedtheworld.Afriendofmyfather’swaswaitingforusattheairport.表地點(diǎn)、店鋪、家等建筑物

thebaker’s/atMr.White’s/atthetailor’s/atmysister’sUsedastheattribute英語中有些名詞沒有其對應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來作定語修飾另一個名詞

airpollution,coffeecup,etax,cigerattebutt,tennisball,songwriter,bodylanguage,roadaccident,NobelPrize,wintervacation,weatherforecast,collegestudents,schooltextbooks,entranceexamsetc.有些詞在用做定語時多以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)sportsmeeting,clothesshop,customsofficer,savingsaccount無生命的名詞用介詞to,of,for,with表示所有格

theentrancetothecinema; theticketforthefilm;thewaytosuccess;ajourneytoEurope;agiftforJim’sbirthday; theNobelPrizeforChemistry;abookwithagreencover;thegamesforchildren;SimilarnounsThepoliceareofferinga________toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.A.priceB.prizeC.rewardD.cashMy______ofthisweekend’sactivityisgoingoutwithsomegoodfriends. A.idea B.opinionC.mindD.thoughtOneoftheadvantagesoflivingonthetopfloorofahigh-riseisthatyoucangetagood______ofthelake. A.scenery