2023屆高三英語閱讀拓展訓(xùn)練4：算盤（含解析）

高中英語閱讀拓展訓(xùn)練4：算盤閱讀訓(xùn)練：閱讀短文，從題中所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AbacusTheabacuswasinventedonthebasisthatChineseusedthecounting-rod(算籌)foralongperiod.Inancienttimes,peopleusedsmallstickstocount.Later,withthedevelopmentofproductivity,theamountrequiringcalculationwasgreater,andcalculationwithcounting-rodslimitedthecalculation.Thus,peopleinventedamoreadvancedcounter—theabacus.Theabacusisrectangularwithwoodenframeonthefoursidesandsmallrodsfixedinsidestrungwithwoodenbeads(珠子);agirder(橫梁)acrossthemiddleseparatestheabacusintotwoparts:eachrodhastwobeadsonitsupperpart,eachrepresentingfive,andfivebeadsonthelowerpart,eachrepresentingone.Withtheapplicationoftheabacus,peoplesummarizedmanyabacusrhymes,increasingthecalculatingspeed.BythetimeoftheMingDynasty(1368AD—1644AD),peoplecouldusetheabacusinaddition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision,whichwerewidelyusedincalculatingweight,amount,spaceandvolume.Sinceitissimpletomakeanabacusandcheaptobuyone,anditiseasytorememberabacusrhymes,simpleandconvenienttocalculatewithanabacus,itiswidelyusedinChina.Therearemanyexpertsintheuseoftheabacusinalltradesandprofessions,andsomepeoplecanuseanabacuswithtwohandsatthesametime.LatertheabacusgraduallyspreadintoJapan,Korea,America,andcountriesandregionsinSoutheastAsia.Peoplefindthatusinganabacuscanimprovethinkingandpracticalabilitiesinadditiontoprovidingconvenientcalculation.Sinceitrequirescooperationofthemind,eyesandhand,itisagoodwaytoimprovethecomprehensivereactionability.1.Whatwastheabacusinventedbasedon?A.Thecalculator.B.Thecounting-rod.C.Thesticks.D.Thecounter.2.Whydidpeoplesummarizeabacusrhymes?A.Becausetheyhelpedintereststudentsintheabacus.B.Becausetheyhelpedincreasethecalculatingspeed.C.Becausetheyhelpedreducethecostoftheabacus.D.Becausetheyhelpedpromotetheuseoftheabacus.3.Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageoftheabacus?A.Itissimpletomakeanabacus.B.Itischeaptobuyanabacus.C.Itiseasytorememberabacusrhymes.D.Itisdifficulttobreakanabacus.4.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.TheabacusisusedonlyinChina.B.Usinganabacuscanreducethinking.C.Theabacuscanprovideconvenientcalculation.D.Usinganabacusdoesharmtoeyes.變式訓(xùn)練1：語法填空在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式并說明原因。AbacusTheabacus1.________(invent)onthebasis2.________Chineseusedthecounting-rod(算籌)foralongperiod.Inancienttimes,peopleusedsmallsticks3.________(count).Later,withthe4.________(develop)of5.________(produce),theamountrequiringcalculationwasgreater,andcalculationwithcounting-rodslimitedthecalculation.Thus,peopleinventedamoreadvancedcounter—theabacus.Theabacusisrectangularwith6.________(wood)frameonthefoursidesandsmallrods7.________(fix)insidestrungwithwoodenbeads(珠子);agirder(橫梁)acrossthemiddleseparatestheabacus8.________twoparts:eachrodhastwobeadsonitsupperpart,eachrepresentingfive,andfivebeadsonthelowerpart,eachrepresentingone.Withthe9.________(apply)oftheabacus,peoplesummarizedmanyabacusrhymes,increasingthecalculatingspeed.BythetimeoftheMingDynasty(1368AD—1644AD),peoplecouldusetheabacusinaddition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision,10.________werewidelyusedincalculatingweight,amount,spaceandvolume.Sinceitissimple11.________(make)anabacusandcheaptobuyone,anditiseasytorememberabacusrhymes,simpleandconvenienttocalculatewithanabacus,itis12.________(wide)usedinChina.Therearemanyexpertsintheuseoftheabacusinalltradesandprofessions,andsomepeoplecanuseanabacus13.________twohandsatthesametime.Latertheabacus14.________(gradual)spreadintoJapan,Korea,America,andcountriesandregionsinSoutheastAsia.Peoplefindthat15.________(use)anabacuscanimprovethinkingandpracticalabilitiesinadditiontoprovidingconvenientcalculation.Sinceitrequirescooperationofthemind,eyesandhand,itisagoodwaytoimprovethecomprehensivereactionability.變式訓(xùn)練2：翻譯句子1.算盤是長(zhǎng)方形的，四周是木框，里面固定著一根根小木棍，小木棍上串著木珠。2.隨著算盤的使用，人們總結(jié)出許多珠算口訣，加快了計(jì)算速度。3.由于算盤制作簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格便宜，珠算口訣便于記憶、運(yùn)算又簡(jiǎn)便，所以算盤在中國(guó)被廣泛使用。4.人們?cè)谑褂眠^程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用算盤，除了提供方便的運(yùn)算外，還能鍛煉思維能力和動(dòng)手能力。5.因?yàn)榇蛩惚P需要腦、眼、手的密切配合，是提升綜合反應(yīng)能力的一種好方法。語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國(guó)古代一項(xiàng)偉大的發(fā)明——算盤。參考譯文：算盤算盤是中國(guó)人在長(zhǎng)期使用算籌的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)明的。古時(shí)候，人們用小木棍進(jìn)行計(jì)算。后來，隨著生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，需要計(jì)算的數(shù)目越來越大，用小木棍計(jì)算受到了限制。于是，人們發(fā)明了更先進(jìn)的計(jì)算器——算盤。算盤是長(zhǎng)方形的，四周是木框，里面固定著一根根小木棍，小木棍上串著木珠，中間有一根橫梁把算盤分成兩部分：每根木棍的上半部有兩個(gè)珠子，每個(gè)珠子代表五；下半部有五個(gè)珠子，每個(gè)珠子代表一。隨著算盤的使用，人們總結(jié)出許多珠算口訣，加快了計(jì)算速度。到了明代（1368—1644），人們已能用算盤進(jìn)行加減乘除，這些運(yùn)算被廣泛用于計(jì)算物體的重量、數(shù)量、面積和體積。由于算盤制作簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格便宜，珠算口訣便于記憶、運(yùn)算又簡(jiǎn)便，所以算盤在中國(guó)被廣泛使用。中國(guó)各行各業(yè)都有一批打算盤的高手，而且有的人能用左右兩只手同時(shí)打算盤。算盤后來陸續(xù)流傳到了日本、朝鮮、美國(guó)和東南亞國(guó)家和地區(qū)。人們?cè)谑褂眠^程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用算盤，除了提供方便的運(yùn)算外，還能鍛煉思維能力和動(dòng)手能力。因?yàn)榇蛩惚P需要腦、眼、手的密切配合，是提升綜合反應(yīng)能力的一種好方法。詞匯積累：閱讀訓(xùn)練參考答案：1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“TheabacuswasinventedonthebasisthatChineseusedthecounting-rodforalongperiod.”可知，算盤是中國(guó)人在長(zhǎng)期使用算籌的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)明的。故答案為B。2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“Withtheapplicationoftheabacus,peoplesummarizedmanyabacusrhymes,increasingthecalculatingspeed.”可知，隨著算盤的使用，人們總結(jié)出許多珠算口訣，使計(jì)算的速度更快了。由此推斷，人們總結(jié)出珠算口訣的目的就是為了提高計(jì)算的速度。故答案為B。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Sinceitissimpletomakeanabacusandcheaptobuyone,anditiseasytorememberabacusrhymes,simpleandconvenienttocalculatewithanabacus,itis