中考復習-閱讀理解

*中考復習-一閱讀理解

A考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力

?此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對段落（或短文）的主題，主題思想，標題或目的，其主要提問方式是:

1）Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

2）Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?

3）Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat.

4）Thepassagetellsusthat.

5）Thispassagemainlytalksabout.

解體秘訣：抓主題句

1、主題句是用來表達文章或段落的中心思想的，通常在文章第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句

等處出現(xiàn)，閱讀時要特別注意。

2、進行整體閱讀，抓文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。文章主題出現(xiàn)的位置對應于文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個部分，而在中考

閱讀中以“總一分一總”結(jié)構(gòu)類型題居多。所以重讀文章首、尾兩段以及每段首句，對把握文章結(jié)

構(gòu)和主旨理解有很大幫助。

如何獲取段落的主旨和大意？

在一篇短文或一個段落中，大部分主題句的情況有三種：

（1）主題句在段首或篇首。

主題句在段首或篇首的情況相當普遍。?般新聞報道、說明文，議論文大都采用先總述，后分述的敘事方

法。例如：2008年陜西省英語中考試題閱讀材料B的第一段：

Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustlive

inagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesoneliving

thingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinorderto

live,andtogethertheyformafoodchain（食物鏈）。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthe

linksdisappears.

在這篇短文之后有一道考杳主題的閱讀理解題：

59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThings

第?句即是主題句。這個句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都離不開其它的生物，

后面講述了大量的事實，“大部分動物必須成群的生活，甚至一種植物也要和其它同類的植物靠在一起生

長。有時利生物殺死另?種生物，一種生物吃另種生物，而另，種生物被吃”。在列舉了大量的事實

之后，作者指出：如果這些食物鏈中的一個鏈環(huán)消失，所有的食物都會斷掉。所有這些事實都是圍繞第一

個句子展開的。（C）

（2）主題句在段末或篇末。

用歸納法寫文章時，往往表述細節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。這種位于段末或篇末的

主題句往往是對前面細節(jié)的總結(jié)，歸納或結(jié)論。例如2007年陜西省中考試題閱讀材料A的最后一段：

Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgood

evenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoes

notmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,someless

expensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.

這段文章前面列舉了兩件事實：如果你買一些制作優(yōu)良的衣服，你會省錢，因為這些衣服能穿得時間長一

些。即使他們洗了很多次，仍然看起來很好。有時有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味著這些衣服做得更好。

最后一句話是對這兩個事實的概括：有些價錢便宜的衣服比價錢貴的衣服更好看，更合身。段末這個句子

就是主題句。

（3）無主題句

首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個中心來展開的，或者說是來說明一個問題

的。這個中心或這個問題就是這篇文章的主題或中心意思。

請看2007年江西省中考試題閱讀理解A:

KillerbeesstartedinBrazil1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomake

morehoney（蜂蜜）.Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred（繁殖）and

madeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn'twanttomakemorehoney.

Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty-sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilian

beesoutside.

Scientistscouldnotcontrol（控制）theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBrazilto

Venezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390

milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfive

years.

Whyarepeopleafraidofkillerbees?Peopleareafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting（叮）many

moretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Second,

killerbeesattackingroups.Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.

Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead.NowkillerbeesareinTexas.Inafewyearstheywillreachall

overtheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.

在這篇短文的后面就出了一道這樣的閱讀理解題:

59.Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A.HowtomakemorehoneyB.Killerbees

C.AfoolishscientistD.Howtofeedkillerbees

這篇短文表面看起來沒有主題句，那末怎樣來確定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的說明，我們先找出每一段

的大意：第一段講的是“killerbees”的產(chǎn)生。第二段講的是“killerbees”的急劇增加。第三段講的是人們害

怕“killerbees”的原因。第四段講的是“killerbees”己經(jīng)殺死的人數(shù)和將來的狀況。從這幾段的大意可以看

出這篇文章自始至終都是圍繞“killerbees”這一中心展開的。換句話說，“killerbees”就是這篇文章的主題。

訓練：（-）

Itseemstobestrangetoyouthereisablindspot（盲點）ontheeyes.Hereisaninteresting

experiment（實驗）thatcanmakesomethingdisappear,whenoneeyeisopen.

MakeacardaboutthesizeofapostcardandwritetwoEnglishlettersLandRonit,Lontheleft

andRontheright.First,holdthecardabout80cmawayandyouseeboththeletters.Thencloseyour

righteyeandlookattheletterRonlywithyourlefteye.Andnow,asyoumovethecardslowlytowards

you,youllfindtheletterLdisappearing.Butifyoumovethecardnearertoyourface,theletterwillbe

seenagain.Nowdothesameexperimentwithyourlefteyeclosed,youllfindtheletterRdisappearing.

Whydoestheletterdisappear?Itisbecausethereisablindspotontheeye.Whentheimage（影

像）oftheletterfallsontheblindspot,itwon'tbeseen.Thatiswhyeitherofthelettersdisappears.

5.Thepassagemainly（主要）tellsus.

A.howtofindtheblindspotB.aninterestingexperiment

C.wheretheblindspotisD.thereisblindspotontheeye

（二）

Henrywasanofficeworkerinabigcity.Heworkedveryhardandenjoyedtravelinginhisholidays.

Heusuallywenttotheseaside,butoneyearhesawanadvertisementinanewspaper."Enjoy

countrylife.SpendafewweeksatWestHillFarm.Goodfood.Freshair.Horseriding.Walking.Fishing.

Cheapandinteresting."

"Thissoundsagoodidea,"hethought."I’llspendamonthatWestHillFarm.IthinkIcanenjoy

horseriding,walkingandfishing.Theyllmakeachangefromsittingbytheseasideandswimming."

Hewrotetothefarmer.IntheletterhesaidthathewouldliketospendallofJulythere.Thenon

thefirstofJuly,heleftforWestHillFarm.

Butfourdayslater,hereturnedhome.

"WhatwaswrongwithWestHillFarm?"hisbestfriend,Ed,askedhim."Didn'tyouenjoycountry

life?1

"Countrylifewasverygood,"Henrysaid."Buttherewasanotherproblem.M

“Oh.What?'

"Well,"hesaid,"thefirstdayIwasthereasheepdied,andwehadroastmuttonfordinner."

wWhat'swrongwiththat?'Edasked.uFreshmeatisthebest.”

Hlknow,butontheseconddayacowdied,andwehadroastbeeffordinner."

**Luckyyou!"

?'Youdon'tunderstand；*Henrysaid."Onthethirddayapigdiedandwehadroastporkfordinner."

UAdifferentmeateveryday,“Edsaidloudly,uandyouarecomplaining!M

“Letmefinish,"Henrysaid.uOnthefourthdaythefarmerdied,andIdidn'tdare（敢）stayfor

dinner!11

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Whatabeautifulfarm!B.Haveagoodtime.C.AshortholidayD.Henryandthefarmer.

（三）

In1998,WorldCupFootballMatchheldinFrancetookupanewrule.Insteadoftheusualblack

andwhiteball,acolorfulballwasusedinthegame.Thenewballwasmadeupof32piecesofthree

colors:red,blueandwhite.Interestinglyenough,theFrenchnationalflaghappenedtobeinthree

colors,too.Besides,32teamstookpartinthecomingWorldCup.Butearlyfootballwasmadeupof

eightpiecesofleather.Astimewentby,morepiecesofleatherwereused,from12piecesto18to26

andthento32now.

Aboutthreemillionsuchnewfootballsweremade.Andthensomeplayerswereplayingthenew

ballintheirtraining.Themakershavewarnedthegoalkeeperthatthenewballfliesinadirectlineata

fastspeed.

Aftertryingtheballforsometime,afootballersaidthattheballwasquitedifferentfromthe

traditional（傳統(tǒng)的）blackandwhiteone,andthatthegoalkeeperwouldfindithardertocatchthem.

Anotherfootballersaidthattherewouldbemoregoals.uFortheplayerontheground,thenewballis

easiertocontrolasitflies.Agoodplayercanshootinmoregoals,“hesaid.

1.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.FootballofNewKindB.98WorldCupFootballMatch

C.GoalkeepersandPlayersD.Three-colorHagofFrance

B考查把握文章的事實和細節(jié)的能力

?此類考查事實和細節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對文章的細節(jié)設(shè)計的，其主要提問方式是:

1）Whichofthefollowingisright?

2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

3）WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?

4）Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

5）Fromthispassageweknow.

解題方法（找細節(jié)）：

解題要點是找到問題中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)所劃的關(guān)鍵詞到原文中找對應詞：指出文章中與題中所劃關(guān)鍵詞

的意思相反或相近對應詞。該對應詞可能與關(guān)鍵詞相同也可能不同。對應詞所在的句子或句子部分極

可能包含解題信息的信息句。將該句認真閱讀后，再將四個答案與此句內(nèi)容對照后，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)有?答案的

信息與信息句的信息大致相同，則該答案即為正確答案。

訓練：（-）

Ifyoulookattheskyonenightandseesomethingmovingandshiningthatyouhaveneverseenbefore,

itmightbeacomet（彗星）.

Acometsometimeslookslikeastar.Likeaplanet,acomethasnolightofitsown.Itshinesfrom

thesunlightitreflects（反射）.Liketheearth,acometgoesroundthesun,butonamuchlongerpath

（軌道）thantheearthtravels.

Ifacometisn'tastar,whatisitthen?

Somescientiststhinkthatalargepartofacometiswaterfrozenintopiecesoficeandmixedwith

ironandrockdustandperhapsafewbigpiecesofrock.Whensunshinemelts（融化）theiceinthe

comet,greatcloudsofgasgotrailingafterit.Theseclouds,togetherwiththedust,formalongtail.

Manypeopleperhapshaveseenacomet.Howevernooneknowshowmanycometsthereare.

Theremaybemillionsofcomets,butonlyafewcomecloseenoughforustosee.

AnEnglishmannamedEdmundHalley,wholivedfrom1656to1742,foundoutalotaboutthe

pathsthatcometstakethroughthesky.Somecometsmoveoutofoursightandnevercomeback.

Otherskeepcomingbackatregulartimes.AbigcometthatkeepscomingbackwasnamedafterHalley

becausehewastheonewhoworkedoutwhenitwouldcomebackagain.Maybeyouhaveeverseen

Halley*sCometsbecausethelasttimeitcameclosetothesunandtheearthwasintheyear1986.

Thenpeopleallovertheworldwereoutsideatnighttolookatit.Youwillprobablybeabletosee

Halley'sCometswhenitcomesneartheearthagain.

1.Acometislike.

A.sunB.moonC.sunlightD.theearth

2.Alargepartofacometis.

A.waterandrockB.waterfrozenintopiecesoficeandmixedwithiron

C.ice,ironandrockdustD.onlyafewbigpiecesofrock

3.Maybemanypeople.

A.haven*tseenanycometsB.haveseenallcomets

C.haveseenacometatdaytimeD.haveseenacomet

4.Somecometskeepcomingback.

A.atanytimeB.atnoonC.atregulartimesD.atdaytime

5.Halley'sCometscameback.

A.in1990B.in1980C.in1986D.in1989

(-)

OnNovember18th,1908,threemenwentupinaballoon.TheystartedearlyinLondon.The

headmanwasAugusteGaudron,andtheothertwomenwereTannarandMaitland.Theyhadabig

balloon,andtheywerereadyforalongway.

Soontheyheardtheseabelowthem.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope,anditwashangingdown

fromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater.

Oritcouldbeempty.Sotheywereabletochangeitsweight.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsof

sand.

Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000meters,andtheairwasverycold.

Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen*sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnow

ontheground.Therewasalsosomesnowontheballoon,andthatmadeitveryheavy.Itbegantogo

downtowardstheground.Thementriedtothrowoutsomemoresand;butitwashard.Theytriedto

breaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling;

sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakebelowandmadeablack

holeintheice.

Atlasttheypulledtheboxintothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;sotheyclimbedtogetawayfrom

thesnow.Theyroseto5,100meters!Everythingbecameicy.Theywereso81dthattheydecidedto

land.TheycamedowninRolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtraveled1,797kilometersfromLondon!

1.Threemenflewinaballoon.

A.morethanacenturyagoB.tovisitPoland

C.fornearly1,800kilometersD.toanothercity

2.Themetalboxwasusedfor.

A.changingweightB.carryingropesofthebasket

C.keepingdrinkingwaterD.carryingthebagsofsand

3.Whentheballoonwentuphigher,.

A.theysawthesungodown

B.thetemperatureoftheballoonbegantofall

C.theycouldseeablackholeontheground

D.theymadeaholeinthebasketwiththeirknives

4.Theballoonlanded.

A.inaforeigncountryB.onalakeC.inLondonD.onthesea

5.Thethreemenhadtolandbecause.

A.theywereveryhungryB.theyhadnotenoughsand

C.theypulledtheboxintothebasketD.theyfelttoocold

（三）

Ifyougetintotheforestwithyourfriends,staywiththemalways.Ifyoudon't,youmaygetlost.If

youreallygetlost,thisiswhatyoushoulddo.Sitdownandstaywhereyouare.Don'ttrytofindyour

friends—letthemfindyoubystayinginoneplace.

Thereisanotherwaytohelpyourfriendsorothernearbypeopletofindyou.Givethemasignal

（信號）byshoutingorwhistling（吹口哨）threetimes.Anysignalgiventhreetimesisacallforhelp.

Keepupshoutingorwhistlingalwaysthreetimestogether.Whenpeoplehearyou,theywillknow

thatyouarenotjustmakingnoiseforfun.Theyw川letyouknowthattheyhaveheardyoursignal.

Theygiveyoutwoshouts,twowhistles,ortwogun-shots（槍聲）.Whensomeonegivesyouasignal,it

isananswertoacallforhelp.

Ifyoudon'tthinkthatyouwillgethelpbeforenightcomes,trytomakealittlehouse—coverupto

theholeswithbranches（樹枝）withlotsofleaves.Makeyourselfasoftbedwithleavesandgrass.

Whatshouldyoudoifyougethungryorneeddrinkingwater?Youwouldhavetoleaveyourlittle

housetolookforariver.Don'tjustwalkaway.Pickoffsmallbranchesanddropthemasyouwalkso

thatyoucanfindyourwayback.Themostimportantthingtodowhenyouarelostis—stayinone

place.

1.lfyoulostintheforest,youshould.

A.staywhereyouareandgivesignalsthreetimes

B.walkaroundtheforestandshoutsothatyourfriendscouldhearyou

C.trytofindyourfriendsassoonaspossible

D.trytogetoutoftheforestandshoutforhelp

2.Ifyouwanttoletpeoplebelievethatyouarenotjustmakingnoiseforfun,youshould_.

A.tellpeoplethatyouarelostB.keepupshoutingorwhistling

C.shoutatthetopofyourvoiceD.shoutorwhistlethreetimes

3.Whenyouheartwoshouts,orwhistles,orgunshots,.

A.youshouldshoutmoreloudlyB.youcanwhistlethreetimes

C.itisananswertoyourcallforhelpD.youshouldtrytoruntothem

4.Whenyouwanttoleaveyourplacetogetdrinkingwater,youshould.

A.justgototheriver

B.findsomeglassesorbottlesbeforeyougo

C.makeafiresothatyoucanhavesometea

D.leavemarkssothatyoucanfindyourwayback

5.Thispassagemainlytellsyou.

A.whenyouhearasignalalwaysthreetimes,itisacallforhelp

B.Whatyoushoulddoifyougetlostinaforest

C.anysignalgiventwicemeansananswertoacallforhelp

C考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力

?此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義。其主要提問方式是：

1)Theword"inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto.

3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword"…”means.

4)Here“it”means.

解題秘訣：上下文推理

①代入替換法。把四個選項分別代入題干，據(jù)語言邏輯判斷哪個更加符合上下文的邏輯意思。

②在上下文中尋找同詞性的詞或詞組。做這類題的關(guān)鍵是：該單詞本身并不重要，重要的是該單詞的上下

文

③利用語法和邏輯“有時根據(jù)上下文提代的線索或者其他方法，仍然不能得到唯一答案，就可以利用語?法

和邏輯方面的規(guī)則來判斷，符合語法和邏輯規(guī)則的可能為正確答案，反之則不是正確答案。

(1)根據(jù)并列、同位關(guān)系猜測詞義。

例1：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.

假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從

句中不難看出pineapples,coconutsfllbananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水

果，準確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。

例2：Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.Itisona

largeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.

Whatdoestheword“steam"meaninChinese?

A.自來水B.大氣C.冰川D.蒸汽

從語法上看，steam和hotwater是并列關(guān)系，我們就以斷定這兩種東西是相關(guān)的，是同一類第物質(zhì)。在

所給第四個選項中只有“蒸汽”有這種可能。

(2)根據(jù)同義、反義關(guān)系猜測詞義。

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，iuhappyandgay,即使我們不認識gay這

個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思：二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，

M1：manhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsvenus,mars,andjupiterwiththehelpof

spaceships.

此句中的venus(金星)、mars(火星)、jupiter?(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬

于“行星”這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,howeve「等；二

是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：

例2：heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.

根據(jù)notatall…h(huán)andsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

(3).通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞

在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解

乂有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了?些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，如前綴un-表反義詞,

如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important>unimportant等；名詞后?ful構(gòu)成形容詞，如

careful,useful;名詞后-less表沒有，如careless,friedless;后綴-ment表名詞，如develop、development,

state、statement,argue>argument等；后綴?er、-or或?ist表同源名詞；如calculate、calculator,

visit、visitor,law>lawyer,wait、waiter,sci-ence>scientist,art>artist等，這些問題便不難解決了。

(4)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義。

通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如

because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：Youshouldnlhaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是‘責備”。

(5)根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義或通過描述猜詞

例1：Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.

從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought,由此可見

drought意思為"久旱"，"早災"。而adryperiod和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,

thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號等來表示。

描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。

例2：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.

Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.

從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。

例3：Abagisusefulandtheword"bagrsuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短語).Oneis

“toletthecatoutofthebag."Itisthesameas**totellasecret"...

Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag.”

John"letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe.

A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacat

C.buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag

在這篇文章里，“l(fā)etthecatoutofthebag”雖然是一個新H；現(xiàn)的短語，但緊接著后面就給出解釋Itisthe

sameas"totellasecret.根據(jù)這一解釋，我們就可判斷出正確答案應為A。

(6)根據(jù)情景和邏輯進行判斷。

例如：

Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethe

childrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theycutanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillask

thepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.They

knowallthestreetsandroadswell.

文章后面有這樣?道題：

53.Inthetext,“Dutanendto”means"

A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly

根據(jù)文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到仃人在打架，他們肯定會去制止。因為制止打架斗毆是警察的職責。

根據(jù)這?推理，答案應該是A。

D考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力

?此類題目主要考查的是句語句之間，短語短之間的邏輯關(guān)系，其主要提問方式是：

1）Manyvisitorscometothewriter'scityto.

2）SomeshopscanbebuiltDonfengSquaresothattheymay.

3）Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause.

4）WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation?

解題秘訣：依據(jù)原文認真比較選項

①絕大多數(shù)推理題是原文意思的同義表達.

②如果四個選項中有兩個或兩個以上的選項都是成立的推理步驟，那么與原文意思最接近、所用推理最少

的選項即是正確答案

ItwasMother'sDay.Johnwassobusywithhisworkthathecouldn'tgobackhome.Whenhepassed

byaflowershopintheevening,anideacametohismind,"I'llsendMumsomeroses（玫瑰）.“While

Johnwaspickinghisflowers,ayoungmanwentinside."HowmanyrosescanIgetforonlyfivedollars,

madam?'heasked.Theassistant（店員）wastryingtotellhimroseswereasexpensiveasfortydollarsa

dozen（一打）.Maybehewouldbehappywithcarnations（康乃馨）.

“No,Ihavetohaveredroses/5hesaid."MymumwasbadlyilllastyearandIdidn'tgettospendmuch

timewithher.NowIwanttogetsomethingspecial,ithastoberosesasroseisherfavourite/1

Afterhearingit,Johnsaidhewouldpaytherestofthemoneyfortheyoungman.Movedbybothof

them,theassistantsaid,"Well,lovelyyoungmen,thirtydollarsadozen,onlyforyou."Takingtheroses,

theyoungmanalmostjumpedintotheairandranoutoftheshop.Itwaswellworthtwenty-five

dollarsthatJohnpaidtoseetheexcitingmoment.ThenJohnpaidforhisdozenofrosesandtoldthe

assistanttosendthemtohismother.

Ashewalkedout,hefeltnice.Suddenlyhesawtheyoungmancrossingthestreetandgoingintoa

park.ButsoonJohnrealizeditwasnotaparkbutacemetery（墓地）.Crying,theyoungmancarefully

putdowntheroses,“Mum,oh,Mum,whydidn'tItellyouhowmuchIlovedyou?God,pleasehelpme

findmymumandtellherIloveher.”

Seeingthis,Johnturnedandquicklywalkedtotheshop.Hewouldtaketheflowershomehimself.

ITheassistanttriedtoasktheyoungmantobuycarnationsinsteadofrosesbecause.

A.carnationswerenicerthanrosesB.rosesweresavedforJohn

C.rosesweremoreexpensivethancarnationsD.carnationswerespecialflowersforMother'sDay

2.Johnspentaltogether（總共）intheflowershopthatday.

A.$5B.$25C.$30D.$55

I3.Theyoungmancriedatthecemeterybecausehe_.

A.hadspentallhismoneyontherosesB.wasn'tabletotellhismotherhelovedherhimself

C.feltsorrytoaskJohntopayforhisflowersD.hadn'tgotenoughmoneyforhissickmother

4.AtlastJohnchangedhismindandwenthomebecausehewantedto.

A.tellhismotherhelovedherhimselfB.askhismotherformoremoney

C.tellhismothertheyoungman'sstoryD.askhismotherifshelikedroses

5.Thewriterwritesthepassageinordertotellus

A.BuyrosesforyourmotherwhensheisillB.Letyourmotherknowhowmuchyouloveher

C.WorkhardtogetmoremoneyforyourmotherD.SendyourmotherflowersonMother'sDay

E考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應有的常識進行推理和判斷的能力

?此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是：

1）Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea.

2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

3)Fromtheletterswe*velearnedthatifsverytoknowsomethingaboutAmericansocial

customs.

4)Fromthestorywecanguess_____.

5)Whatwouldbehappyif...?

解題秘訣：

這種題目往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而必須根據(jù)上卜文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M行深層理解

后，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能獲得正確

答案。所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部

分，從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

在閱讀材料中，有這樣一段文字：

Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon'twanttoreadstoriesabout

everydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?

A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.

B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.

C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn'tbeencaught.

D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.

根據(jù)這段文字，我們可以推斷：電視報道的新聞故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正確答案應為C。

訓練：

Areyoucarryingtoomuchonyourbackatschool?Ybu*renotalone.BackexpertsintheUnitedStates

areworriedthatyoungstudentsarehavingbackandneckproblemsasaresultofcarryingtoomuchin

theirbackpacks(schoolbags).

MlthurtsmybackwhenIrun,"saidOberlinReyes,astudentinVirginia."Ifshardtogetupthe

stairswithmybackpack,becauseifstooheavy.M

Oberlinisamongstudentswhosebackpackswereweighedforaweekinarecentstudy.

Theyhadregularbackpackswithtwostraps(帶子)tocarrythem,butanumberofstudentswith

heavyloadshadswitchedtorollingbackpacks（whichhavewheelsandcanrollontheground）.

ShirleyPark,whosebackpackweighed10kilograms,saidshechangedtoarollingbackpack

becauseshewasstartingtohavebackpain.

Howmuchistoomuch?Expertssaystudentsshouldcarrynomorethan10to15percentoftheir

ownbodyweight.

Afewstudentshadonesuggestiontolightentheload:lesshomework.

P.S.（附）Doctor'ssuggestion:

①Lightentheload.Qeanoutbinders（活頁材料）andtakehomeonlythebooksyouneedthat

night.

②Widestrapsarebetter.Theysendouttheweightoveryourshouldersmoreevenly（均勻）.And

besuretowearbothstrapsratherthanhangingthepackoveroneshoulder.

（3）Packsmart.Theheavierthingsshouldbepackedclosedtotheback.

④Bendbothkneeswhenyoupickupthepack,anddon'tjustbendoveratthewaist（腰）.

1.“"isthemainideaofthetext.

A.Theproblemofbackpacksisworthstudying

B.Theproblemmadebyheavybackpacks

C.Whatisthebestbackpackforastudent

D.Howtomakestudents'backpackslight

2.AccordingtoEnderlinReyesandShirleyPark,weknow.

A.studentshavetodotoomuchhomework

B.backpackshavetocarryheavybackpacks

C.backpackswithoutwheelsarebadforstudents

D.toomuchhomeworkleavesstudentsnofreetime

3.Theexpression"switchedto"inthetextperhapsmeans.

A.startedtouseB.turnedtoC.caughtupD.usedfor

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifsbetterforastudentof40kilogramstocarryabackpackofat

mostbythewordsofexperts.

A.10kgB.8kgC.6kgD.7kg

5.lfstudentsfollowthedoctor'ssuggestionsthey.

A.maylightentheirbackpacksB.canlearnhowtohelpthemselves

C.mayfeeltheirbackpacksarelighterD.willknowhowtowearbackpacks

F考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力

該題型主要考察學生對文中的有關(guān)語句、要點、細節(jié)、觀點等的理解能力。這種題要求在宏觀把握文章的

基礎(chǔ)匕作出合理判斷。這種題要求在宏觀把握文章的基礎(chǔ)I'.,選出作者對文章所談問題的態(tài)度，而不是

我們對某一問題的經(jīng)驗。這類題要求考生從文章的論述方法、語氣和遣詞造句中把握作者對人與事的好惡,

了解作者的態(tài)度和情感；這類題目需要多注意文章開頭、結(jié)尾等傳達作者感情傾向的地方。

1）HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?

2）Thewriterwritesthistextto.

3）Thewriterbelievesthat.

4）Thewritersuggeststhat.

一般作者的態(tài)度分為三大類：

①支持、贊同、樂觀②客觀、中立③反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀

解題秘訣：

①理解文章、合理推斷，切不可經(jīng)驗主義。

②找文中帶有感情色彩的名詞、動同、形容詞、副詞

③根據(jù)作者舉的例子判斷

堅持哦！--突破閱讀

星期一：（一）

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