（2023年）河北省邯鄲市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)

（2023年）河北省邯鄲市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.Writing(10題)1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononChangeofTelevisionandRadioAudiences.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbasingonthefollowingchart.Yourcompositionshouldincludethepointsbelow.

1.Abriefsummaryofthischart

2.Thechangeoftelevisionandradioaudiences

3.Aconclusion

Figure:TelevisionandRadioAudiencesinacity,October-December,2006

ChangeofTelevisionandRadioAudiences

2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageinthetitleofMyViewsonTeleeducation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.許多人贊成遠程教育，是因為......

2.也有人認為遠程教育效果不明顯。

3.你的觀點。

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashortessayentitledEnergyCrisis.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinEnglish:

1.Energycrisisisoneofthemainproblemsfacingtheworldtoday.

2.Importanceofenergy.

3.Conservingenergy.

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:AwayfromNet-barCampaign.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.新聞媒體披露，徐州某中學(xué)1000多名學(xué)生簽名，莊嚴承諾“遠離網(wǎng)吧”

2．分析“遠離網(wǎng)吧”運動的原因

3．做出對比和評論

AwayfromNet-barCampaign

5.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWhatDoYouThinkofChallenge?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.挑戰(zhàn)的意義

2.如何迎接挑戰(zhàn)

3.我的看法

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheMarvelsofMedicineintheTwentiethCentury.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.Introduction:Advancesinmedicalscience—themostimportantachievementsmadeinthetwentiethcentury

1.Developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics

2.Discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods

3.Adventofgeneticengineering,anewbranchofbiology

Concludingremarks:Evengreaterwonderstobewroughtinthe21stcentury

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed3OminutestowriteALettertotheEditorofaCampusMagazinetopresentyourviewaboutwhethertheextremesportsshouldbebannedandwhetherpeopleshouldbeallowedtorisktheirlives.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheguidelinesgivenbelowinChinese:

1.TomGranger，19歲，是一所大學(xué)極限運動俱樂部(TheUniversityExtremeSportsClub)的成員。他在一次進行高空彈射特技表演時，因設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障，不幸身亡。這一慘劇在校園內(nèi)外引起了廣泛爭議。請你給編輯寫一封信，表明你對這件事的看法。信中必須包括以下內(nèi)容：

--事情的起因和你對此事的態(tài)度，是支持大學(xué)生從事極限運動，還是反對大學(xué)生從事極限運動

--闡明你持有這種看法的理由

--結(jié)論

ALettertotheEditorofaCampusMagazine

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageofatleast150wordsinthetitleofForeignFastFood.Pleasefollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.洋快餐受到了許多人(特別是青少年)的歡迎，這是因為......

2.許多人反對吃洋快餐，是因為......

3.你的觀點。

9.Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyViewonChoosingtheRightCareer.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.選擇適合自己的職業(yè)的重要性；

2.如何選擇適合自己的職業(yè)；

3.我的看法

10.1.舉例說明水對人類的重要性

2.舉例說明我國所面臨的水資源問題

3.為了生存和發(fā)展人們要……

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10題)11.Visawillintroduceanew"waveandpay"cardinLondonforpurchases______.

A.under$25B.under￡10C.abroadD.intraveling

12.

Aboutthebuzzingprodigies,peopleargue______.

13.

Differentfromwhatmostpeopleexpect,theresearchshowsthatanincreaseinreadingratemayleadto______.

14.

Manycompaniesencouragetheiremployeesto______,withIBMoneofthem.

15.

Theelectrostaticprecipitatorhasgotridof______frommanufacturingprocesses.

A.severeemissions

B.ozone-layerdepletion

C.manypollutants

D.toxicsubstances

16.

Inthesummer,thewindcurrentwillbereversedbecausethetemperatureoftheairoverthelandturnshigherthan______.

17.

Trustisamatterof______ratherthanoftechnique.

18.

Inhistoricalrecord,waterusedemandcaused______.

19.

WhatisthereasonthatTatabenefitinold-fashionedindustriesremarkably?

A.Thecentrallyplanned"licenceraj".

B.Governmentpolicies.

C.Nofirmswereallowedtoproduce.

D.Fewcompetitors.

20.

Depression,thebestknownandmostcommonmentalillnesses,takestheform.of______.

A.extremeconfidenceinthemselves

B.emotionalbreak-outwhenitiscold

C.emotionalblowsindaylight

D.hopelesssadnessandthoughtsofsuicidesometimes

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10題)21.(35)

A.TootherEuropeancountries.

B.Totheremoteareasandsuburbs.

C.Tothenaturalparksforbirds.

D.Backtotheirnests.

22.【B5】

23.(36)

A.StayingatHome

B.WorkandHappiness

C.WorkandProductivity

D.AmericansandEuropeans

24.(38)

25.

【B8】

26.

【B6】

27.(22)

A.Theyarehappytochattohim.

B.Theyonlygiveone-wordanswers.

C.Theyhaveinterestingstoriestotell.

D.Theydisliketaxidrivers.

28.聽力原文：W：Didyouturnoffthelightsandcheckthelocksonallthedoors?

M：Yes,ItoldtheJohnsonswe'vegonefortwoweeks.Theypromisetokeepaneyeonthehouseforus.

Q：Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?

(16)

A.Stayawayforacoupleofweeks.

B.Checkthelockseverytwoweeks.

C.LookaftertheJohnsons'house.

D.Movetoanotherplace.

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forinstance,inAmericanculture,thesmileistypicallyanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotherfunctions.Asmilemayshowaffection,conveypoliteness,ordisguisetruefeelings.Itisalsoasourceofconfusionacrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevensuspiciousbehavior.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplace;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoveremotionalpainorembarrassment.

Ourfacesrevealemotionsandattitudes,butweshouldnotattemptto"read"peoplefromanothercultureaswewould"read"someonefromourownculture.Thedegreeoffacialexpressivenessoneexhibitsvariesamongindividualsandcultures.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturalrestraintsontheamountofnon-verbalexpressivenesspermitted.

Ifwejudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionsaredifferentaccordingtoourownculturalnorms,wemaymakethemistakeof"reading"theotherpersonincorrectly.

(27)

A.Themeaningoffacialexpressionsdependsonsituations.

B.Facialexpressionscancausemisunderstandingacrossculture.

C.Peoplefromoneculturemaylackfacialexpressionsbecausetheyexperiencelessemotion.

D.Facialexpressionsmaydisguisetruefeelings.

30.聽力原文：I'dliketosharewithyoutodaymyexperiencewithanewapproachtobuildingahouse.It'scalledEnvelopBuilding.Essentially,Whatitmeansisthatasyouarebuildingahouse,youtrytoleavethelandscapefeatureontheland,especiallythevegetationintheoriginalcondition.Sowhatyouarenotdoing'istheusualpracticeofland-scraping.BywhichImeanliterallyscrapingorcleaningthelandofanyandalltheoriginalplants.WhyistheapproachcalledEnvelopBuilding?Becauseinsteadofclearingeverythingaway,youletyouroriginallandscapeelementsenveloporsurroundyourhouse.Letthevegetationphysicalfeaturessuchashillsandslopesorinterestingrockformations,constitutedasignificantpartofthecharacterofthebuildingsight:Thedesignofthehouseshouldtakethesefeaturesofthepropertyintoaccount.Actuallyintegratingyouroriginalwildlandscapewithahouseisnotthatnew.ThefamousAmericanarchitectWrightwasdoingitabout65yearsago.Soweareingoodcompany.EnvelopBuildingisnotaseasyasitsoundsthough,It'snotjustthatyoubuildyourhouseandleavethelandalone.Bybuilding,youarealreadydamagingtheoriginallandscape.Butasarchitects,weshouldtrytoworkwithenvironment,notagainstit.Acreativearchitectcanfindwaystoincorporatenaturallandscapeintotheoveralldesign.Forexample,Wrightusedthemassivebouldersonthesideofoneofthemostfamoushousesaspartofthehousefoundation.

(33)

A.Eliminatingtheoriginalvegetationfromthebuildingsite.

B.Markingthehousesinanareasimilartooneanother.

C.Decidingwhereahousewillbebuilt.

D.Surroundingabuildingwithwildflowersandplants.

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3題)31.

Whydoresearchersexposenewbornstofilteredrecordingsintheirstudy?

A.Becauselisteningtofilteredsoundsislikelisteningtoastereonextdoor.

B.Becausefilteredsoundsresemblethesoundsbabieshearinthewomb.

C.Becausefilteringremovesthecrisp,clearfrequenciesfromthesounds.

D.Becausefilteringkeepssuchfeaturesofsoundsasrhythm,melody,pitch,andintonation.

32.(55)

33.

Theselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

A.wildlifeofallkindsreturningtolargecitiestolive

B.falconsinNewYork,Baltimore,Philadelphia,andNorfolk

C.moosestumblingintoplate-glassstorefronts

D.foxesreturningtoLondon

五、5.ErrorCorrection(3題)34.

【S4】

35.Themoststrikingsinglefactaboutchimpanzeesisflexibilityof【S1】______

theirsociallife,thelackofanyrigidform.oforganization.Itrepresents

aboutsofaradeparturefromthebaboontypeoforganizationasone【S2】______

canfindamongthehigherprimates(靈長目),andservesemphasizing【S3】______

thegreatvarietyofprimateadaptations.Chimpanzeesaremorehuma

thanbaboons(狒狒),orrathertheyaccordbetterbythewayweliketo【S4】______

pictureourselves,asfree—wheelingindividualswhoaretendtobe【S5】______

unpredictable,donottakereadilytoanyform.ofregimentation,andare

frequentlycharming.Tworesearcheshavedescribedwhattheyfound

duringmorethaneightmonthsspendingamongchimpanzeesintheir【S6】______

naturalhabitat,theforest:"Wewerequitesurprisedtoobservewhat【S7】______

thereisnosingledistinctsocialunitinchimpanzeesociety.

Notonlyisthereno'family'organization;soistherea'troop'【S8】______

Organization—thatistosay,noparticularchimpanzeeskeep

permanentlytogether.Onthecontrary,individualsmoveaboutatwill,

aloneorinsmallgroupsbestdescribedasbands,thatsometimesform【S9】______

intolargeaggregations.Theyleavetheirassociatesiftheywantto,and

oinupwithnewoneswithconflict.【S10】______

【S1】

36.

【S2】

六、6.ErrorCorrection(3題)37.

【S3】

38.

【S9】

39.【S6】

參考答案

1.ChangeofTelevisionandRadioAudiencesThisgraphindicatesthechangeinthepercentageofthepopulationover18yearsoldinCityAthatlistenedtoradioorviewedtelevisionshowsinadayduringtheperiodfromOctobertoDecember2005.Accordingtothisgraphtelevisionaudiencesareatalowintheearlymorninghoursbutrisegraduallytoabout10percentfrom8to10a.m.Afteraslightdroparoundlunchtimeaudiencesbeginafairlysteadyclimbtothepeakaudienceshipinthehoursfrom6to10p.m.atapproximately40-45percent.Asharpdeclinefollowstotheover-nightlowofabout5percentbetween2to4a.m.Differentfromtelevisionaudiencesradioaudiencesinthiscitypeakinthemorningwithabout30percentofthepopulationover18yearstuning-intoradiobroadcastsat8a.m.Theaudienceshipdropsgraduallyfromthispeakandat2p.m.itbeginstofalllowerthantelevisionaudienceshipitcontinuestodeclinethroughouttheeveninguntilreachingalowpointat2p.m.Thisgraphdemonstratesthedominanceoftelevisionamongtheelectronicmedia.Duringatypicaldaythepercentageoftelevisionviewersishigherthanthatofradiolistenersexceptinthemorning.Thisdeservesaspecialattentionfromthosewhoareinvolvedinmediumusing.ChangeofTelevisionandRadioAudiencesThisgraphindicatesthechangeinthepercentageofthepopulationover18yearsoldinCityAthatlistenedtoradioorviewedtelevisionshowsinadayduringtheperiodfromOctobertoDecember2005.Accordingtothisgraph,televisionaudiencesareatalowintheearlymorninghours,butrisegraduallytoabout10percentfrom8to10a.m.Afteraslightdroparoundlunchtime,audiencesbeginafairlysteadyclimbtothepeakaudienceshipinthehoursfrom6to10p.m.atapproximately40-45percent.Asharpdeclinefollowstotheover-nightlowofabout5percentbetween2to4a.m.Differentfromtelevisionaudiences,radioaudiencesinthiscitypeakinthemorning,withabout30percentofthepopulationover18yearstuning-intoradiobroadcastsat8a.m.Theaudienceshipdropsgraduallyfromthispeakandat2p.m.itbeginstofalllowerthantelevisionaudienceship,itcontinuestodeclinethroughouttheeveninguntilreachingalowpointat2p.m.Thisgraphdemonstratesthedominanceoftelevisionamongtheelectronicmedia.Duringatypicalday,thepercentageoftelevisionviewersishigherthanthatofradiolistenersexceptinthemorning.Thisdeservesaspecialattentionfromthosewhoareinvolvedinmediumusing.

2.MyViewsonTele-educationWiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologytele-educationhasspedupinourcountry.Whilemanypeoplespeakhighlyofitsadvantagesothersseemoredisadvantagesderivingfromit.Theadvocatesoftele-educationgivetheirargumentsasfollows.Foronethingtele-educationmakesitpossibleforpeopleinremoteareastolearnthesubjectstheyareinterestedin.Foranotherpeoplehaveawiderrangeofchoicesastoteachersandlessonsthroughtele-educationbecausetheycanlistentothebestlessonsbythebestteachersinthecountryorevenintheworld.Justas"everycoinhasitstwosides"theopponentsbelievethatnotallthepeoplehaveaccesstoteleeducationbecausemanyarepoor.Besidesthestudentscannotcontactteachersbutinterpersonalrelationsareimportanttotheirstudy.Inadditionstudentsmayeasilygiveupbeforetheyfinishthewholecoursewhichishazardoustotheiroverallunderstandingofthecorrespondingknowledge.AsfarasIamconcernedwe'dbetterdeveloptele-educationmorerapidlytobenefitmorestudents.Meanwhilewecandesignsomeprogramstohelpteachersandstudentstocontacteachother.MyViewsonTele-educationWiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,tele-educationhasspedupinourcountry.Whilemanypeoplespeakhighlyofitsadvantages,othersseemoredisadvantagesderivingfromit.Theadvocatesoftele-educationgivetheirargumentsasfollows.Foronething,tele-educationmakesitpossibleforpeopleinremoteareastolearnthesubjectstheyareinterestedin.Foranother,peoplehaveawiderrangeofchoicesastoteachersandlessonsthroughtele-education,becausetheycanlistentothebestlessonsbythebestteachersinthecountry,orevenintheworld.Justas"everycoinhasitstwosides",theopponentsbelievethatnotallthepeoplehaveaccesstoteleeducationbecausemanyarepoor.Besidesthestudentscannotcontactteachers,butinterpersonalrelationsareimportanttotheirstudy.Inaddition,studentsmayeasilygiveupbeforetheyfinishthewholecoursewhichishazardoustotheiroverallunderstandingofthecorrespondingknowledge.AsfarasIamconcerned,we'dbetterdeveloptele-educationmorerapidlytobenefitmorestudents.Meanwhile,wecandesignsomeprogramstohelpteachersandstudentstocontacteachother.

3.EnergyCrisisOneofthemainproblemsfacingtheworldtodayistheenergycrisis.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculturetheworldhasconsumedagreatamountofenergy.Butallthisenergyhasgoneforever.Thereforeenergysuppliesarebecomingfewerandfewer.Thismakesitpossiblethatallformsofenergywillbeexhaustedinthefuture.Howeverenergyisofgreatimportancetoman.Wecanhardlyimaginehowmancouldliveinaworldwithoutenergy.Wewouldn'tbeabletodriveourcarsandlistentoourfavoritesongs.Moreoverthenightwouldbecomedarkallthetime.Inshortoncemanlosesalltheenergyresourceshewillnotbeabletoexistintheworld.Thereforeconservingourenergyisanimportanttask.Wemusttakeactivemeasurestoprotectourenergyresources.Ontheonehandweshoulduseourenergyreasonably;ontheotherhandweshouldeducateouryoungpeoplenottowasteenergy．Thenwewillbeabletosendagoodgift—energytoournextgeneration．EnergyCrisisOneofthemainproblemsfacingtheworldtodayistheenergycrisis.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,theworldhasconsumedagreatamountofenergy.Butallthisenergyhasgoneforever.Therefore,energysuppliesarebecomingfewerandfewer.Thismakesitpossiblethatallformsofenergywillbeexhaustedinthefuture.However,energyisofgreatimportancetoman.Wecanhardlyimaginehowmancouldliveinaworldwithoutenergy.Wewouldn'tbeabletodriveourcarsandlistentoourfavoritesongs.Moreover,thenightwouldbecomedarkallthetime.Inshort,oncemanlosesalltheenergyresources,hewillnotbeabletoexistintheworld.Therefore,conservingourenergyisanimportanttask.Wemusttakeactivemeasurestoprotectourenergyresources.Ontheonehand,weshoulduseourenergyreasonably;ontheotherhand,weshouldeducateouryoungpeoplenottowasteenergy．Thenwewillbeabletosendagoodgift—energytoournextgeneration．

4.AwayfromNet-barCampaignIthasbeenreportedthatamiddleschoolinXuzhouCityhasrecentlylaunchedacampaignnamed"AwayfromNet-bar".Morethanathousandstudentshavesignedfortheirsolemnpromisethattheywillnotspendasingleminuteinthenet-bars.Withthecomingofthesummervacationthiscampaignisespeciallymeaningfulforthehealthydevelopmentoftheminors.TheInternethasbroughtpeoplegreatconvenienceingettinginformationentertainingandcontactingeachotherandithasalsobenefitedsomebusinessmenespeciallytheownersofnet-bars.Whileitistruethatmostnet-barsarerunninglegallyitisalsotruethatsomeareofferingunhealthyprogramsthatinvolveviolenceandsexcontent.Sincemostmiddleschoolstudentsarepronetobeinfluencedandtheycanhardlytellwhichbarisdoingwellandwhichoneisnotitisonlyadvisablethattheyshouldstayawayfromall.Besidesstayingawayfromnet-hatsisalsogoodtostudents'physicalhealth.Bypassivelysittingtoolonginfrontofthecomputerscreenboththeireyesightandphysiquesuffer.ObviouslytheAwayfromNet-barsCampaignisanactivitythatisworthadvocatinganditmeritsotherschools'reference.AwayfromNet-barCampaignIthasbeenreportedthatamiddleschoolinXuzhouCityhasrecentlylaunchedacampaignnamed"AwayfromNet-bar".Morethanathousandstudentshavesignedfortheirsolemnpromisethattheywillnotspendasingleminuteinthenet-bars.Withthecomingofthesummervacation,thiscampaignisespeciallymeaningfulforthehealthydevelopmentoftheminors.TheInternethasbroughtpeoplegreatconvenienceingettinginformation,entertainingandcontactingeachother,andithasalsobenefitedsomebusinessmen,especiallytheownersofnet-bars.Whileitistruethatmostnet-barsarerunninglegally,itisalsotruethatsomeareofferingunhealthyprogramsthatinvolveviolenceandsexcontent.Sincemostmiddleschoolstudentsarepronetobeinfluencedandtheycanhardlytellwhichbarisdoingwellandwhichoneisnot,itisonlyadvisablethattheyshouldstayawayfromall.Besides,stayingawayfromnet-hatsisalsogoodtostudents'physicalhealth.Bypassivelysittingtoolonginfrontofthecomputerscreen,boththeireyesightandphysiquesuffer.Obviously,theAwayfromNet-barsCampaignisanactivitythatisworthadvocatinganditmeritsotherschools'reference.

5.WhatDoYoungPeopleThinkofChallenge?Withthefastdevelopmentoftheworldmoreandmorechallengeisinstoreforus.Challengemeansnotonlyhardshipbutalsoopportunity.Sinceweareyoungpeopleandhavebrightfuturebeforeusweshouldhavearightattitudetowardschallenge.Bynaturechallengeisaninspirationtoourcreativepowerandanopportunitytoachievesuccess.Themostimportantthingistodealwithchallengeproperly.Firstyoumustbewellpreparedforachallengeatanytimebecauseyoucanneverinmostcasesexpectwhenitcomesexactly.Secondwhenitreallycomesyoushouldbecourageousenoughtotakeit.Nopainsnogains.Challengemeanshardwork.Onlythroughhardworkcanyouachievesuccess.Finallyadequateknowledgeiscalledfortomeetachallenge.Scienceandtechnologyisdevelopingatatremendousrateandthosewhocannotfollowitspacewillbeleftbehind.Intoday'smodemsocietynoonecanavoidchallenges.Wearethereforeobligedtoprepareourselvesadequatelyforthembyaccumulatingenoughknowledgeandbybuildingastrongbody.Onlywiththisstrongdeterminationcanweadaptourselvestoanynecessarychangesinthisever-changingworldwhichseemsfullofchallenges.WhatDoYoungPeopleThinkofChallenge?Withthefastdevelopmentoftheworld,moreandmorechallengeisinstoreforus.Challengemeansnotonlyhardship,butalsoopportunity.Sinceweareyoungpeopleandhavebrightfuturebeforeus,weshouldhavearightattitudetowardschallenge.Bynature,challengeisaninspirationtoourcreativepowerandanopportunitytoachievesuccess.Themostimportantthingistodealwithchallengeproperly.First,youmustbewellpreparedforachallengeatanytime,becauseyoucannever,inmostcases,expectwhenitcomesexactly.Second,whenitreallycomes,youshouldbecourageousenoughtotakeit.Nopains,nogains.Challengemeanshardwork.Onlythroughhardworkcanyouachievesuccess.Finally,adequateknowledgeiscalledfortomeetachallenge.Scienceandtechnologyisdevelopingatatremendousrateandthosewhocannotfollowitspacewillbeleftbehind.Intoday'smodemsociety,noonecanavoidchallenges.Weare,therefore,obligedtoprepareourselvesadequatelyforthembyaccumulatingenoughknowledgeandbybuildingastrongbody.Onlywiththisstrongdeterminationcanweadaptourselvestoanynecessarychangesinthisever-changingworld,whichseemsfullofchallenges.

6.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURYLookingbackthetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificandtechnologicachievementsandwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareasdevelopmentofvaccinesandantibioticsdiscoveriesofnewdiagnosismethodsandtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggermsinvadingthebodyandoffightingthemoncetheydidthequalityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgottendiseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Moderndiagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftimenewmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyearsultrasonicwavesmagneticresonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeenmovinginevenmorefundamentaldirections.Scientistshavefoundthatthebodymachineryisdirectedbythegenes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolvedintoanewbranchoflearning—geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950sthatscientistsdiscoveredthekindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheendofthetwentiethcenturythefirst"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewascompleted.Thiswasreferredtoasa"majorscientificmilestone"whichmightleadtoamorefullyunderstandingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptibletocancerAIDSParkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscoverythepracticeofmedicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvancesmadeinthetwentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplebutalsolaidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.AndIdobelievethatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreaterwondersintheareaofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatarenowcalled"incurable"diseases.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURYLookingback,thetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificandtechnologicachievements,andwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareas,developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods,andtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggermsinvadingthebody,andoffightingthemoncetheydid,thequalityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgottendisease,andvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Moderndiagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftime,newmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyears,ultrasonicwaves,magneticresonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medic