2016中國(guó)的航天英文

China'sSpaceActivitiesin2016

TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublic

ofChina

December2016

FirstEdition2016

Contents

Preamble

Purposes,VisionandPrinciplesofDevelopment

MajorDevelopmentsSince2011

MajorTasksfortheNextFiveYears

PoliciesandMeasuresforDevelopment

InternationalExchangesandCooperation

Conclusion

Preamble

Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghi-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman'sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Currently,moreandmorecountries,includingdevelopingones,aremakingthedevelopmentofspaceactivitiesanimportantstrategicchoice.Thusspaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

TheChinesegovernmenttakesthespaceindustryasanimportantpartofthenation'soveralldevelopmentstrategy,andadherestotheprincipleofexplorationandutilizationofouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes.Overthepast60yearsofremarkabledevelopmentsinceitsspaceindustrywasestablishedin1956,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinthissphere,includingthedevelopmentofatomicandhydrogenbombs,missiles,man-madesatellites,mannedspaceflightandlunarprobe.Ithasopenedupapathofself-relianceandindependentinnovation,andhascreatedthespiritofChina'sspaceindustry.Tocarryforwardthisspiritandstimulateenthusiasmforinnovation,theChinesegovernmentsetApril24asChina'sSpaceDayin2016.

"Toexplorethevastcosmos,developthespaceindustryandbuildChinaintoaspacepowerisadreamwepursueunremittingly."InthenextfiveyearsandbeyondChinawillupholdtheconceptsofinnovative,balanced,green,openandshareddevelopment,andpromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofspacescience,spacetechnologyandspaceapplications,soastocontributemoretobothservingnationaldevelopmentandimprovingthewell-beingofmankind.

ToenabletheworldcommunitytobetterunderstandChina'sspaceindustry,wearepublishingthiswhitepapertoofferabriefintroductiontothemajorachievementsChinahasmadeinthisfieldsince2011,itsmaintasksinthenextfiveyears,anditsinternationalexchangesandcooperationefforts.

Purposes,VisionandPrinciplesofDevelopment

Purposes

Toexploreouterspaceandenhanceunderstandingoftheearthandthecosmos;toutilizeouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes,promotehumancivilizationandsocialprogress,andbenefitthewholeofmankind;tomeetthedemandsofeconomic,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,nationalsecurityandsocialprogress;andtoimprovethescientificandculturallevelsoftheChinesepeople,protectChina'snationalrightsandinterests,andbuildupitsoverallstrength.

Vision

TobuildChinaintoaspacepowerinallrespects,withthecapabilitiestomakeinnovationsindependently,tomakescientificdiscoveryandresearchatthecuttingedge,topromotestrongandsustainedeconomicandsocialdevelopment,toeffectivelyandreliablyguaranteenationalsecurity,toexercisesoundandefficientgovernance,andtocarryoutmutuallybeneficialinternationalexchangesandcooperation;tohaveanadvancedandopenspacescienceandtechnologyindustry,stableandreliablespaceinfrastructure,pioneeringandinnovativeprofessionals,andarichandprofoundspacespirit;toprovidestrongsupportfortherealizationoftheChineseDreamoftherenewaloftheChinesenation,andmakepositivecontributionstohumancivilizationandprogress.

Principles

China'sspaceindustryissubjecttoandservesthenationaloveralldevelopmentstrategy,andadherestotheprinciplesofinnovative,coordinated,peacefulandopendevelopment.

-Innovativedevelopment.Chinatakesindependentinnovationasthecoreofthedevelopmentofitsspaceindustry.Itimplementsmajorspacescienceandtechnologyprojects,strengthensscientificexplorationandtechnologicalinnovation,deepensinstitutionalreforms,andstimulatesinnovationandcreativity,workingtopromoterapiddevelopmentofthespaceindustry.

-Coordinateddevelopment.Chinarationallyallocatesvariousresources,encouragesandguidessocialforcestotakeanorderlypartinspacedevelopment.Allspaceactivitiesarecoordinatedunderanoverallplanofthestatetopromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofspacescience,spacetechnologyandspaceapplications,andtoimprovethequalityandefficiencyofoverallspacedevelopment.

-Peacefuldevelopment.Chinaalwaysadherestotheprincipleoftheuseofouterspaceforpeacefulpurposes,andopposestheweaponizationoforanarmsraceinouterspace.Thecountrydevelopsandutilizesspaceresourcesinaprudentmanner,takeseffectivemeasurestoprotectthespaceenvironmenttoensureapeacefulandcleanouterspaceandguaranteethatitsspaceactivitiesbenefitthewholeofmankind.

-Opendevelopment.Chinapersistsincombiningindependenceandself-reliancewithopeningtotheoutsideworldandinternationalcooperation.Itactivelyengagesininternationalexchangesandcooperationonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit,peacefulutilization,andinclusivedevelopment,strivingtopromoteprogressofspaceindustryformankindasawholeanditslong-termsustainabledevelopment.

.MajorDevelopmentsSince2011

Since2011China'sspaceindustryhaswitnessedrapidprogressmanifestedbymarkedlyenhancedcapacityinindependentinnovationandaccesstoouterspace,constantimprovementinspaceinfrastructure,smoothimplementationofmajorprojectssuchasmannedspaceflight,lunarexploration,theBeidouNavigationSystemandhigh-resolutionearthobservationsystem,andsubstantialachievementsinspacescience,technologyandapplications.

Spacetransportationsystem

From2011toNovember2016theLongMarchcarrierrocketseriescompleted86launchmissions,sendingover100spacecraftintotargetorbitwithasuccessrateof97.67percent,indicationofincreasingeffectivenessandhigh-densitylaunchingcapabilityofcarrierrockets.TheLongMarch5(CZ-5),China'snewestgenerationofcarrierrocketswithamaximumcarryingcapacity,madeitsmaidenflight,andincreasedthediameterofliquidfuelrocketfrom3.35mto5m,withamaximumpayloadcapacityofabout25tonstolowearthorbitandabout14tonstogeostationarytransferorbit,significantlyimprovingthecarryingcapacityoftheLongMarchrocketfamilyandbecomingasymboloftheupgradingofChina'scarrierrockets.Thedevelopmentofthe120-tonliquidoxygenandkeroseneenginewastestfired,whichpoweredLongMarch6andLongMarch7ontheirmaidenflights.TheLongMarch11,asolid-fuelcarrierrocket,alsomadeasuccessfulmaidenlaunch,furtherenrichingtheLongMarchrocketfamily.

Man-madesatellites

Earthobservationsatellites.ThefunctionoftheFengyun(WindandCloud),Haiyang(Ocean),Ziyuan(Resources),Gaofen(HighResolution),Yaogan(Remote-Sensing)andTianhui(SpaceMapping)satelliteseriesandconstellationofsmallsatellitesforenvironmentanddisastermonitoringandforecastinghasbeenimproved.TheFengyunpolarorbitmeteorologicalsatellitehassucceededinnetworkingobservationbymorningandafternoonsatellites,whileitsgeostationaryearthorbit(GEO)meteorologicalsatellitehasformedabusinessmodeof"multi-satellitesinorbit,coordinatedoperation,mutualbackupandencryptionattheappropriatetime."TheHaiyang-2satelliteiscapableofall-weather,full-timeandhigh-accuracyobservationofmarinedynamicparameterssuchasseaheight,seawaveandseasurfacewind.TheZiyuan-102Csatellitewaslaunched,theZiyuan-301and02stereomappingsatelliteshaveachieveddoublestarnetworkingandoperating.TheChinaHigh-resolutionEarthObservationSystemprogramhasbeenfullyimplemented;theGaofen-2iscapableofsub-meteropticalremote-sensingobservation,theGaofen-3hasaSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imaginginstrumentthatisaccuratetoonemeterandtheGaofen-4isChina'sfirstgeosynchronousorbithigh-resolutionearthobservationsatellite.SatelliteCoftheenvironmentanddisastermonitoringandforecastingsmallsatelliteconstellationhasbeenputintouse.ThesuccessfullaunchingoftheKuaizhou-1andKuaizhou-2,whichadoptedintegrateddesignofthesatelliteandthelaunchvehicle,hasimprovedChina'semergencyresponsecapabilityinspace.TheJilin-1,ahigh-resolutionremote-sensingsatelliteforcommercialusehasbeenlaunchedandputintoservice.

Communicationsandbroadcastingsatellites.Chinahascomprehensivelyadvancedtheconstructionoffixed,mobileanddatarelaysatellitesystems.ThesuccessfullaunchofcommunicationssatellitessuchasYataiandZhongxingrepresentedthecompletionofafixedcommunicationssatellitesupportsystemwhosecommunicationsservicescoverallofChina'sterritoryaswellasmajorareasoftheworld.TheTiantong-1,China'sfirstmobilecommunicationssatellite,hasbeensuccessfullylaunched.Thefirst-generationdatarelaysatellitesystemcomposedofthreeTianlian-1satelliteshasbeencompleted,andhigh-speedcommunicationtestofsatellite-groundlaserlinkhasbeencrownedwithsuccess.Inaddition,thedevelopmentoftheDFH-5supercommunicationssatelliteplatformisgoingsmoothly.

Navigationandpositioningsatellites.TheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(Beidou-2)hasbeencompleted,withthenetworkingof14Beidounavigationsatellites,officiallyofferingpositioning,velocitymeasurement,timing,wideareadifferenceandshort-messagecommunicationservicetocustomersintheAsia-Pacificregion.Beidou'sglobalsatellitenavigationsystemisundergoingsmoothconstruction.

Newtechnologicaltestsatellites.ChinahaslaunchedtheShijian-9satelliteseriesfortechnologicalexperiments,providinganimportantwaytotestnewtechnologies.

Mannedspaceflight

InJune2012andJune2013,theShenzhou-9andShenzhou-10mannedspacecraftwerelaunchedtodockwiththetargetspacecraftTiangong-1.Theyusedmanualandautomaticoperationsrespectively,symbolizingbreakthroughsforChinainspacecraftrendezvousanddockingtechnologyandfullsuccessinitsfirstoperationofamannedspacetransportationsystem.InSeptemberandOctober2016theTiangong-2spacelaboratoryandShenzhou-11mannedspacecraftwerelaunchedandformedanassemblythatoperatessteadily,withthemissionofcarryingoutscienceandtechnologyexperimentsinspace,indicatingthatChinahasmasteredtechnologiesconcerningastronauts'mid-termstayinorbit,andlong-termgroundmissionsupport.Currently,Chinahasmasteredmajorspacetechnologiessuchasmannedspacetransportation,spaceextravehicularactivity,spacedocking,operatinginassemblyandastronauts'mid-termstayinorbit.

Deepspaceexploration

InDecember2012theChang'e-2lunarprobemadeasuccessfulobservationtripoverasteroid4179(Toutatis).InDecember2013the

Chang'e-3realizedthefirstsoftlandingonthesurfaceofanextraterrestrialbodybyaChinesespacecraftandcompletedpatrolandexplorationonthesurfaceofthemoon.InNovember2014Chinaachievedsuccessinthereentryandreturnflighttestofthethird-phaselunarexplorationengineering,indicatingthatChinahasmasteredthekeytechnologyofspacecraftreentryandreturnflightinaspeedclosetosecondcosmicvelocity.

TheLunarExplorationProgramhelpedmankindtoacquireahigh-resolutionmapofthemoonandahigh-definitionimageofSinusIridum,andconductedresearchoflunarsurfacemorphology,lunarstructure,elementalcompositionofthelunarsurface,lunarsurfaceenvironment,lunarspaceenvironmentandmoon-basedastronomicalobservation.

Spacelaunchsites

InJune2016theWenchangLaunchSitehelditsfirstlaunch,markinganew-generationlaunchsitedesignedandbuiltbyChina.Thesiteisenvironmentallyfriendlyandmadebreakthroughsininnovation.RenovationshavealsobeenaccomplishedintheJiuquan,TaiyuanandXichanglaunchsites,formingalaunchsitenetworkcoveringbothcoastalandinlandareas,highandlowaltitudes,andvarioustrajectoriestosatisfythelaunchneedsofmannedspaceships,spacelaboratorycoremodules,deepspaceprobesandallkindsofsatellites.

SpaceTelemetry,TrackingandCommand(TT&C)

TheTianlian-1datarelaysatelliteserieshaveachievedglobalnetworkingandoperating.TheYuanwang-7,aspacecrafttrackingshiphasmadeitsmaidenvoyage.DeepspaceTT&Cstationshavebeenbuiltandputintouse.Chinaisconstantlyimprovingitsspacetelemetry,trackingandcommandsetups,andestablishedamulti-functioningTT&Cnetworkfeaturingspace,marineandgroundintegrationwithaproperscale.Theflightcontrolabilityofspacecrafthasbeengraduallyimproved,completingtheTT&CmissionsoftheShenzhouspacecraftseries,Tiangong-1targetspacecraft,Chang'elunarprobeseriesandearthorbitsatellites.

Spaceapplications

Applicationofearthobservationsatellites.Thegroundsystemandapplicationsofearthobservationsatellitesareimproving,thefieldsandlevelsinwhichthesesatellitesareusedareexpandingandtheapplicationbenefitsaregrowing.Thegroundstationsreceivingdatafromland,oceanandmeteorologicalobservationsatellitesareoperatingbasedoncomprehensiveplanning,asatellitedatagroundnetworkwiththecapacityofreceivingdatafromhigh-andlow-orbitsatellitesandreasonablearrangementathomeandabroad.Chinahasalsoestablished,basedoncomprehensiveplanning,agrounddataprocessingsystemforearthobservationsatellites,commonapplicationsupportingplatform,andmulti-levelnetworkdatadistributionsystem,greatlyincreasingitsabilityindataprocessing,archiving,distribution,servicesprovisionandquantitativeapplications.Industrialapplicationsystembuildingisinfullswing,havingcompleted18industrialandtworegional

applicationdemonstrationsystems,andsetup26provincial-leveldataandapplicationcenters.Anintegratedinformationservicesharingplatformforahigh-resolutionearthobservationsystemhasbeenbuilt.Earthobservationsatellitedataisnowwidelyusedinindustrial,regionalandpublicservicesforeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Applicationofcommunicationsandbroadcastingsatellites.ThegroundfacilitiessuchasTT&Cstation,gatewaystation,uplinkstationandcalibrationfieldofcommunicationssatelliteshavebeenimproved.AsatellitecommunicationsnetworkandsatelliteradioandTVnetworkofadequatescaletomeettheneedsofcertainserviceshavebeenbuilt,furtherimprovingthecommunicationsserviceability.Theseapplicationsplayanimportantroleinradioandtelevisionservices,distanceeducationandtelemedicine.Theemergencysatellitecommunicationssystemhasprovidedimportantsupportforthefightagainstfloodanddrought,forrescueandreliefwork,andforhandlingmajoremergencies.

Applicationofnavigationandpositioningsatellites.TheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhassignificantlyimproveditsaccuracyandreliability,bringingintoplayanindependent,controllable,completeandmatureBeidouindustrialchainandthethreesystemsofBeidouindustrialguarantee,applicationpromotionandinnovation.TheBeidouNavigationSystemiswidelyusedintransportation,maritimefisheries,hydrologicalmonitoring,weatherforecasting,surveyingandmapping,forestfireprevention,timesynchronizationofcommunication,powerdispatching,disasterreductionandreliefandemergencyrescue,influencingallaspectsofpeople'slifeandproduction,andinjectingnewvitalityintoglobaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Transformationandapplicationofspacetechnology.AnewbusinessmodelfeaturingtheInternetplussatelliteapplicationsiscomingintobeing,providingmoreconvenientandhigh-qualityservicestothepublic.Secondarydevelopment,transformationandapplicationsofspacetechnologymakepossibletheprovisionofhigh-qualityproductsandservicestorelevantindustries,andhelptosupportandpropelthedevelopmentofnewmaterials,intelligentmanufacturingandelectronicinformation,amongothers.

Spacescience

Spacesciencesatellites.ChinahassuccessfullylaunchedtheDarkMatterParticleExplorer,Shijian-10andQuantumScienceExperimentSatellite,offeringimportantmeansforfrontierscientificresearch.

Spaceenvironmentscientificexperiments.Chinahascarriedoutaseriesofspacescienceexperimentsusingspacesciencesatellites,Chang'elunarprobe,ShenzhouspacecraftseriesandTiangong-1targetaircraft,deepeningtheunderstandingofthemechanismofbiologicalgrowthandmaterialspreparationundertheconditionsofspacemicrogravityandintenseradiation,andachievingsomeinfluentialresearchfindings.

Spaceenvironmentdetectionandforecast.Chinahasidentifiedthespaceenvironment'smajorparametersandeffectsusingspacesciencesatellitesandtheShenzhouspacecraftseriestoprovidespaceenvironmentalmonitoringandforecastingservicesforthesafeoperationofspacecraft.

Spacedebris

Chinahasimprovedthemonitoringandmitigationofandearlywarningandprotectionagainstspacedebris.Ithasalsoenhancedstandardsandregulationsinthisregard.Themonitoringofandearlywarningagainstspacedebrishavebeenputintoregularoperation,ensuringthesafeoperationofspacecraftinorbit.Chinahasalsomadebreakthroughsinprotectiondesigntechnologies,applyingthemtotheprotectionprojectsofspacecraftagainstspacedebris.Inaddition,allLongMarchcarrierrocketshaveupperstagepassivation,anddiscardedspacecraftaremovedoutoforbittoprotectthespaceenvironment.

III.MajorTasksfortheNextFiveYears

InthenextfiveyearsChinaplanstoexpeditethedevelopmentofitsspaceendeavorsbycontinuingtoenhancethebasiccapacitiesofitsspaceindustry,strengthenresearchintokeyandcutting-edgetechnologies,andimplementmannedspaceflight,lunarexploration,theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem,high-resolutionearthobservationsystem,new-generationlaunchvehiclesandotherimportantprojects.Furthermore,thecountryistolaunchnewkeyscientificandtechnologicalprogramsandmajorprojects,complete,byandlarge,itsspaceinfrastructuresystem,expanditsspaceapplicationsinbreadthanddepth,andfurtherconductresearchintospacescience,promotingtheintegrateddevelopmentofspacescience,technologyandapplications.

Spacetransportsystem

Wewilldevelopandlaunchmedium-liftlaunchvehicleswhicharenon-toxicandpollution-free,improvethenew-generationlaunchvehiclefamily,andenhancetheirreliability.

Endeavorswillbemadetoresearchkeytechnologiesandfurtherstudytheplansfordevelopingheavy-liftlaunchvehicles.Breakthroughsareexpectedinkeytechnologiesfortheoverallsystem,high-thrustliquidoxygenandkeroseneengines,andoxygenandhydrogenenginesofsuchlaunchvehicles.Thereaftertheheavy-liftlaunchvehicleprojectwillbeactivated.

Chinawillconductresearchintothetechnologiesforlow-costlaunchvehicles,newupperstageandthereusablespacetransportationsystembetweentheearthandlow-earthorbit.

Spaceinfrastructure

Chinaistoimproveitssatellitesystemsandtheirbasicrelateditems,developthethreemajorsatellitesystemsofremote-sensing,communicationsandbroadcasting,andnavigationandpositioning,andbuildaspace-groundintegratedinformationnetwork.Inthisway,aspaceinfrastructuresystemcapableofprovidingsteadyandsustainedserviceswilltakeshape,boostingthesatelliteandrelatedapplicationsindustrialsector.

Satelliteremote-sensingsystem.Inaccordancewiththepolicyguidelinefordevelopingmulti-functionalsatellites,andcreatingnetworksofsatellitesandintegratingthem,wewillfocusonthreeseriesofsatellitesforobservingtheland,oceanandatmosphere,respectively.Chinaistodevelopandlaunchsatellitescapableofhigh-resolutionmulti-modeopticalobservation,L-banddifferentialinterferometricsyntheticapertureradarimaging,carbonmonitoringoftheterritorialecosystem,atmosphericLidardetection,oceansalinitydetectionandnew-typeoceancolorobservation.Wewilltakestepstobuildourcapabilitiesofhighlyefficient,comprehensiveglobalobservationanddataacquisitionwitharationalallocationoflow-,medium-andhigh-spatialresolutiontechnologies,andanoptimizedcombinationofmultipleobservationmethods.Chinawillmakeoverallconstructionandimprovementonremote-sensingsatellitereceivingstationnetworks,calibrationandvalidationfields,datacenters,data-sharingplatformsandcommonapplicationsupportingplatformstoprovideremote-sensingsatellitedatareceivingservicesacrosstheworld.

Satellitecommunicationsandbroadcastingsystem.Thissystemisorientedtowardindustrialandmarketapplications,andmainlyoperatesthroughbusinessmodelswhilemeetingpublicwelfareneeds.Chinawilldevelopbothfixedandmobilecommunicationsandbroadcastingaswellasdatarelaysatellites,buildaspace-groundintegratedinformationnetworkconsistingofspace-basedsystemssuchashigh-earth-orbitbroadbandsatellitesystemsandlow-earth-orbitmobilesatellitesystems,andground-basedsystemssuchassatellite-accessstations.TT&Cstations,gatewaystations,uplinkstations,calibrationfieldsandothersatellitegroundfacilitiesaretobebuiltsynchronously.Theseeffortsareexpectedtobringaboutacomprehensivesystemcapableofprovidingbroadbandcommunications,fixedcommunications,direct-broadcasttelevision,mobilecommunicationsandmobilemultimediabroadcastservices.Aglobalsatellitecommunicationsandbroadcastingsystemintegratedwiththegroundcommunicationsnetworkwillbeestablishedstepbystep.

Satellitenavigationsystem.ChinaistocontinuouslyenhancetheservicecapacitiesoftheBeidou-2.WithsustainedeffortsinbuildingtheBeidouglobalsystem,weplantostartprovidingbasicservicestocountriesalongtheSilkRoadEconomicBeltand21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoadin2018,formanetworkconsistingof35satellitesforglobalservicesby2020,andprovideallclientswithmoreaccurateandmorereliableservicesthroughadvancingtheground-basedandsatellite-basedaugmentationsystemsinanintegratedway.

Mannedspaceflight

ChinaplanstolaunchtheTianzhou-1cargospacecrafttodockwiththeearth-orbitingTiangong-2spacelaboratory,andresearchandmasterkeytechnologiesforcargotransportandreplenishmenttoaccumulateexperienceinbuildingandoperatingaspacestation.

Weaimtocompletethemainresearchanddevelopmentworkonthespacestationmodules,andstartassemblyandoperationofthespacestation.

Westrivetoacquirekeytechnologiesandconductexperimentsonsuchtechnologiestoraiseourmannedspaceflightcapacity,layingafoundationforexploringanddevelopingcislunarspace.

Deep-spaceexploration

Chinawillcontinueitslunarexplorationproject,andstrivetoattaintheautomatedextraterrestrialsamplingandreturningtechnologybyspaceexplorers.Weplantofulfillthethreestrategicstepsof"orbiting,landingandreturning"forthelunarexplorationprojectbylaunchingtheChang'e-5lunarprobebytheendof2017andrealizingregionalsoftlanding,samplingandreturn.WewilllaunchtheChang'e-4lunarprobearound2018toachievemankind'sfirstsoftlandingonthefarsideofthemoon,andconductinsituandrovingdetectionandrelaycommunicationsatearth-moonL2point.Throughthelunarexplorationproject,topographicandgeologicalsurveyswillbeimplementedandlaboratoryresearchconductedonlunarsamples;geologicalsurveyandresearchaswellaslow-frequencyradioastronomyobservationandresearchwillbecarriedouttargetingthelandingareaonthefarsideofthemoonforabetterunderstandingoftheformationandevolutionofthemoon.

ChinaintendstoexecuteitsfirstMarsexplorationoperation,andgraspkeytechnologiesfororbiting,landingandrovingexploration.ItplanstolaunchthefirstMarsprobeby2020tocarryoutorbitingandrovingexploration.ItwillconductfurtherstudiesandkeytechnologicalresearchonthebringingbackofsamplesfromMars,asteroidexploration,explorationoftheJupitersystemandplanetfly-byexploration.Whenconditionsallow,relatedprojectswillbeimplementedtoconductresearchintomajorscientificquestionssuchastheoriginandevolutionofthesolarsystem,andsearchforextraterrestriallife.

Experimentsonnewspacetechnologies

Chinaistoperformexperimentsonnewspacetechnologiestoprovidesolidtechnologicalsupportforitsspaceindustry.

Chinawilldevelopandlaunchtechnologyexperimentsatellites,includingtheShijian-13,Shijian-17andShijian-18,andaglobalcarbondioxidemonitoringsatellite,andconductexperimentsonkeytechnologiesfornewelectricpropulsion,lasercommunicationsandcommonplatformsofnew-generationcommunicationssatellites.Itplanstobuildin-orbitservicingandmaintenancesystemsforspacecraftandmakein-orbitexperimentsonnewtheories,technologiesandproductsbytappingvariousresources.

Spacelaunchsites

ChinawillimproveitsexistingspacelaunchsitesbyraisingthereliabilityandITapplicationlevelandconductingadaptiveimprovementstogroundfacilitiesandequipment,andincreasingthecomplementarityofmissionenforcementandbackupcapacitiesofspacelaunchsites,equippingthemwithbasiccapacitiestocarryoutvariouslaunchmissions.Itwillexploreandadvancethebuildingofspacelaunchsitesthatareopentocooperationandsharing,formanewspacelaunchsystemfeaturingrationaldivisionofwork,mutualcomplementarity,smoothcoordination,securityandreliability.Theintegratedcapacitiesandfunctionsofspacelaunchsiteswillbeenhancedandexploitedtomeetvariousneeds.

SpaceTT&C

ChinawillenhanceitsexistingspaceTT&Csystems.Itaimstobuildandoperateasecond-generationrelaysatellitesystem,raisetheaccuracyoftheorbitdeterminationprocessforspacecraft,improveitsTT&Ccapabilitiesinmanagingin-orbitspacecraft,andstrengthenintegratedandefficientutilizationofTT&Cresources,tobuildaspace-groundintegratedTT&Cnetworkfeaturingsecurity,reliability,quickresponse,flexibleaccess,efficientoperationanddiverseservices.Itplanstoexplorethedevelop