Chapter03-International-教學(xué)講解課件

Chapter3InternationalCargoTransportCONTENTS3.1Modesoftransport3.2Clauseofshipment3.3Majorshippingdocuments6/4/202323.1ModesoftransportOceantransportAirtransportRailtransportRoadtransportInlandwaterwaytransportContainertransportInternationalmultimodaltransport6/4/20233OceanCarriageAlsocalledOceanShipping,orMarinetransportation.Mostwidelyusedmodeoftransportation+lowcost+largedischargecapacity+largefreightvolume+longdistances—Vulnerabletoweather—Lesspunctual—Highrisk—Lowspeed6/4/20234TypesofcargovesselsGeneralcargovessels(雜貨船)Oiltankers（油輪）Containervessels（集裝箱船）Oil/bulk/ore(OBO)vessels（油品、散貨兼運(yùn)船）Ro/Rovessels（滾裝船）LASH(lighteraboardship)（載駁船）Refrigeratedship（冷藏船）Timbership（木材船）6/4/20235TypesofShippingServicesLinerTransport（班輪運(yùn)輸）CharterTransport（租船運(yùn)輸）/TrampShipping（不定期船運(yùn)輸）6/4/20236LinerTransport（班輪運(yùn)輸）Alinerisavesselwithregularsailingandarrivalonastatedschedulebetweenagroupofspecificports.Featuresfixedroute,ports,scheduleandrelativelyfixedfreightloadingandunloadingchargesincludedinfreightsimpleproceduresandidealforcargoofsmallquantityTheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.6/4/20237LinerfreightBasicfreightrates基本運(yùn)費(fèi)——件雜貨運(yùn)費(fèi)Weight重量法:foritemsmarkedwith“W”inthetariff,thefreightthereonaretobecalculatedpermetrictononweight(weightton).Measurement體積法:foritemsmarkedwith“M”,thefreightistobecalculatedpercubicmeteronmeasurementofthecargo(measurementton).AdVal.從價(jià)法:foritemsmarkedwith“ADVal.”,thefreightistobecalculatedonthebasisofthepriceorvalueofthecargoconcerned.Forsomevaluablegoodslikegold,silver,expensivefur,usually1-5%oftheprice.6/4/20238LinerfreightWeightorMeasurement，W/MorAdval

，W/Mplusadval（選擇法）PerHead、PerUnit（按件法）OpenRate（議定法）6/4/20239Surcharges超重附加費(fèi)（Heavy-LiftAdditional）超長(zhǎng)附加費(fèi)（Over-LengthAdditional）選卸附加費(fèi)（AdditionalonOptionalDischargingPort）直航附加費(fèi)（DirectedAdditional）轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)（TranshipmentAdditional）港口附加費(fèi)（PortAdditional）繞航附加費(fèi)（deviationsurcharge）燃油附加費(fèi)（bunkersurcharge）6/4/202310HowtocalculatelinerfreightSelectrelevantfreightlist/freighttariffDeterminethefreightbasisandclassofthegoodsFindthebasicfreightinthefreightgradeslistaccordingtothesailingroute,portofshipmentanddestinationFindthetypesofreceivablesurchargesAddsurchargestobasicratetogetactualfreightfreight=actualfreightxfreightton6/4/202311舉例廣東A公司與法國(guó)B公司簽訂某商品出口合同。商品總重10公噸，400箱裝，每箱毛重25千克，體積20cm×30cm×40cm，單價(jià)CFR馬賽每箱55美元。查表知該貨為8級(jí)，計(jì)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為W/M，每運(yùn)費(fèi)噸運(yùn)費(fèi)80美元，另征收轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)20%，燃油附加費(fèi)10%。試計(jì)算應(yīng)收總運(yùn)費(fèi)。6/4/202312基本運(yùn)費(fèi)計(jì)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——集裝箱包箱費(fèi)率①FAK包箱費(fèi)率（FreightforAllKinds），即不分貨物種類，按每個(gè)集裝箱收取的費(fèi)率。②FCS包箱費(fèi)率（FreightforClass）。即按貨物等級(jí)制定的包箱費(fèi)率。③FCB包箱費(fèi)率（FreightforClass&Basis），即按貨物等級(jí)及不同類型的計(jì)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的費(fèi)率。6/4/202313中國(guó)一新加坡航線集裝箱運(yùn)費(fèi)

6/4/2023146/4/202315CharterTransport（租船運(yùn)輸）Muchcheaperthanthatoftheliner.Shippersmaychoosedirectroute.Widelyusedintransportingbulkcargoes.6/4/202316CharterTransport（租船運(yùn)輸）Itfallsinto3kinds:voyagecharter（定程租船）timecharter（定期租船）demisecharter（光船租賃）6/4/202317voyagecharter（定程租船）Thevoyagecharterisoneforthecarriageofgoodsfromonespecifiedporttoanother,orforaroundtrip.Itincludessinglevoyagecharter,returnvoyagecharterandsuccessivevoyagecharter.Accordingtotheroutestipulatedinthecharterparty,theship-ownerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstotheportofdestinationandformanagingtheshipaswellasbearingallexpenses.6/4/202318timecharter（定期租船）Thecharterercharterstheshipforaperiodoftimeduringwhichtheshipisdeployedandmanagedbythecharterer.Whatconcernsthecharterermostistheperiod,notthevoyage.Thecharteringmaybeforaperiodof1yearorofseveralyears.6/4/202319demisecharter（光船租賃）Demisecharter,isalsocalledbare-boatcharter,thecharterertakesaleaseoftheentireshipforanagreedtime.Sodemisecharterbelongstotimecharter,buttherearesomedifferences:astotimecharter,duringtheperiodofchartering,theship-ownerprovidesthechartererwithacrew,whileastobare-boatcharter,theship-owneronlyprovidesthechartererwithabare-boat,thecharterershallemploythecrewandpaythecrew’swagesandprovisions,ship’smaintenanceandstoresetc.byhimself,apartfromthoseexpensesheisresponsibleforunderthetimecharter.6/4/202320租船運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)營(yíng)方式定程租船定期租船按航程租用船舶按期限租用船舶船方負(fù)責(zé)船舶的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理租船方負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)度和運(yùn)營(yíng)運(yùn)費(fèi)按照數(shù)量計(jì)算租期內(nèi)每月每噸若干金額計(jì)算滯期費(fèi)和速遣費(fèi)不計(jì)算滯期費(fèi)和速遣費(fèi)6/4/202321Charterparty（租船合同）Thecharterpartyisacontractconcludedbetweentheship-ownerandthechartererwhenthelattercharterstheshiporbookingshippingspacefromtheformer.Itstipulatestherightsandobligationsofthetwoparties.Themaintermsonthecharterpartyincludetheinterestedparties,nameandflagoftheship,descriptionandquantityoftheshipments,timeofchartering,freight,loadingandunloadingexpenses,timelimitofloadingandunloading,demurrage（滯期費(fèi)）anddispatchmoney（速遣費(fèi)）.6/4/202322定程租船的裝卸費(fèi)用班輪條件liner/berth/grossterms船方管裝不管卸freeout,F.O.船方管卸不管裝freein,F.I.船方不負(fù)擔(dān)裝卸費(fèi)freeinandout--F.I.O.(F.I.O.S.T.)6/4/2023236/4/2023246/4/202325ContainertransportContainerizationisamethodofdistributingmerchandiseinaunitizedform,suitableforocean,railandmulti-modaltransport.Itisthemostmodernformofphysicalinternationaldistributionandoverallishighlyefficientintermsofreliability,cost,qualityofservice,advancedtechnologyandsoon.6/4/202326FeaturesofcontainerizationIncreasetheefficiencyofhandlingImprovethetransportationqualitySaveoperatingcostsSimplifydeliveryformalitiesPromotemulti-modaltransportation6/4/202327TypesofContainersThemajorityofcontainersarebuilttotheISOspecification.The20-footand40-footcontainersaremostpopular.(8’X8’X40’and8’X8’X20’).ThecontainercapacityismeasuredinTEUs

(Twenty-feetEquivalentUnits).Containersofothersizesandcapacitiesarealsoavailablebutnotwidelyused.Threemajortypesofcontainers:8’X8’X40’(IA);8.6’X8’X40’(IAA);8’X8’X20’(IC)6/4/2023286/4/2023296/4/2023306/4/2023316/4/2023326/4/202333箱管作業(yè)場(chǎng)地6/4/202334七層堆高機(jī)6/4/20233540噸叉車6/4/202336進(jìn)口拆箱和出口裝箱6/4/202337集裝箱貨物的裝箱方式整箱貨（FullContainerLoad,FCL）發(fā)貨人負(fù)責(zé)裝箱、計(jì)數(shù)并加鉛封整箱貨的拆箱一般由收貨人辦理，但也可以委托承運(yùn)人在貨運(yùn)站拆箱承運(yùn)人對(duì)整箱貨以箱為交接單位拼箱貨（LessThanContainerLoad,LCL）承運(yùn)人要負(fù)責(zé)裝箱與拆箱，裝拆箱費(fèi)用仍向貨方收取6/4/202338集裝箱貨物的交接方式門到門（DoortoDoor）門到場(chǎng)（DoortoCY）門到站（DoortoCFS）場(chǎng)到門（CYtoDoor）場(chǎng)到場(chǎng)（CYtoCY）場(chǎng)到站（CYtoCFS）站到門（CFStoDoor）站到場(chǎng)（CFStoCY）站到站（CFStoCFS）6/4/202339CONTAINERYARD6/4/202340ContainerFreightStation6/4/2023416/4/2023426/4/202343集裝箱貨物的交接方式國(guó)際上通用的表示方式為：FCL／FCL或CY／CY（整裝整拆）FCL／LCL或CY／CFS（整裝拼拆）LCL／FCL或CFS／CY（拼裝整拆）LCL／LCL或CFS／CFS（拼裝拼拆）6/4/202344ContainerFreightBasedoncontainercapacity/originanddestinationofthemerchandiseInlandtransportationcostisincludedBasedonthetypeofcommodityForLCL,eachcommodityischargedseparatelyforthefreight6/4/202345Roleofshippingandforwardingagents(貨運(yùn)代理)Theyareexpertsintheirfieldwithanup-to-dateandspecializedknowledgeofallthevariousmethodsoftransport,relativefreightandcarriagerates,constantlychangingconditionsatports,andrequirementsofcustomsauthorities.Consolidationorgroupageofanumberofcargoesfromdifferentexportersintooneconsignmentmakestransportationmoreeconomical.6/4/202346ProcedurestoarrangetheshipmentTheselectionofavesselandshippinglinefortherequireddestinationTheprocuringofspaceonboardaspecificvesselTheconsiderationandcalculationoffreightratePaymentoffreightPreparationofthebillofladingDispatchoftheconsignmenttothedocksUtilizationofstandardshippingorder(裝貨單)form6/4/202347BookingnoteShippingorderMatesreceiptBillofladingDeliveryorder6/4/2023483.2ClauseofshipmentTimeofshipmentPortofshipmentandportofdestinationPartialshipmentandtransshipmentShippingadviceLaytime,demurrageanddispatchmoney6/4/202349TimeofshipmentHowtostipulatethetimeofshipmentinthecontract?1、Adefinitetimeisgivenforshipment.ShipmentatorbeforetheendofMarch.ShipmentonorbeforeMay,15th.ShipmentnotlaterthanOctober31st.(thelatesttime)ShipmentduringJanuary.Shipmentwithinsixtydays.ShipmentduringJan./Feb.(acertainperiodoftime)6/4/2023502.WhenthepaymentismadebyL/C,thetimeofshipmentisusuallymadeinconnectionwiththetimeofreceiptofL/C.TheBuyermustopentherelativeL/CtoreachtheSellersbefore15Oct.Shipmentwithin45daysafterreceiptofL/C.6/4/2023513.Recentshipment（×）ImmediateshipmentPromptshipmentShipmentassoonaspossibleUCP600/ART.3Unlessrequiredtobeusedinadocument,wordssuchas"prompt","immediately"or"assoonaspossible"willbedisregarded.6/4/202352ConsiderationsfordecidingthetimeofshipmentThesupplyofthegoodsTransportationTheopeningdateofL/CThenatureofthecargo6/4/202353PortofshipmentanddestinationPortofshipmentPortofdestinationTheportwheregoodsareshippedanddepartTheportatwhichgoodsareultimatelydischarged6/4/202354HowtostipulateportofshipmentanddestinationOnespecificportofshipmentordestinationOptionalportsPortofShipment:ShanghaiPortofDestination:LondonOneportoutofLondon/Hamburg/Rotterdam6/4/202355ConsiderationsfordecidingportofshipmentanddestinationTrytomakethemasclearaspossible;Providesomeflexibilitybyallowingoptionalports;Takeintoaccountportregulations,facilities,chargesandpossiblesanctions;Bealerttothepossibilityofdifferentportshavingthesamename.6/4/202356PartialshipmentandtransshipmentPartialshipmentTransshipmentShippingthecommodityunderonecontractinmorethanonelots.Themovementofgoodsintransitfromonecarriertoanotherattheportsoftransshipmentbeforethegoodsreachtheportofdestination.6/4/202357合同中的分批、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)條款5/6/7月份裝運(yùn)，允許分批和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(ShipmentduringMay/June/July,withpartialshipmentsandtranshipmentallowed)6/7月份分兩批裝運(yùn)，禁止轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(DuringJune/Julyintwoshipments,transhipmentisprohibited)11/12月份分兩次平均裝運(yùn)，由香港轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(DuringNov./Dwoequalmonthlyshipment,tobetranshippedatHongKong)6/4/202358案例某年，我某進(jìn)出口總公司與非洲國(guó)家某進(jìn)口商簽訂了出口1萬噸大米的合同，合同中明確規(guī)定進(jìn)口商必須開出可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證。不久，我方即收到進(jìn)口商所在地銀行開來的可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證，但規(guī)定不得分批?？偣倦S之將信用證全部轉(zhuǎn)讓給沿海5家分公司使用。這5家分公司按照來證規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期在各自口岸，通過同一條班輪按質(zhì)按量完成了交貨任務(wù)，并在各自當(dāng)?shù)劂y行就地議付，取得了貨款。但貨到目的港后，因市場(chǎng)發(fā)生了變化，大米價(jià)格下跌，進(jìn)口商不想接受貨物。為了達(dá)到這一目的，進(jìn)口商借口交貨地點(diǎn)不同，裝運(yùn)期不同，說我方違反了信用證的規(guī)定，對(duì)貨物進(jìn)行了“分批裝運(yùn)”，所以要求退還貨款。我方堅(jiān)持沒有違反信用證要求的觀點(diǎn)。雙方產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議。試分析。6/4/202359RelevantlinktoUCP600Article31PartialDrawingsorShipmentsa.Partialdrawingsorshipmentsareallowed.b.Apresentationconsistingofmorethanonesetoftransportdocumentsevidencingshipmentcommencingonthesamemeansofconveyanceandforthesamejourney,providedtheyindicatethesamedestination,willnotberegardedascoveringapartialshipment,eveniftheyindicatedifferentdatesofshipmentordifferentportsofloading,placesoftakinginchargeordispatch.Ifthepresentationconsistsofmorethanonesetoftransportdocuments,thelatestdateofshipmentasevidencedonanyofthesetsoftransportdocumentswillberegardedasthedateofshipment.6/4/202360Apresentationconsistingofoneormoresetsoftransportdocumentsevidencingshipmentonmorethanonemeansofconveyancewithinthesamemodeoftransportwillberegardedascoveringapartialshipment,evenifthemeansofconveyanceleaveonthesamedayforthesamedestination.6/4/202361c.Apresentationconsistingofmorethanonecourierreceipt,postreceiptorcertificateofpostingwillnotberegardedasapartialshipmentifthecourierreceipts,postreceiptsorcertificatesofpostingappeartohavebeenstampedorsignedbythesamecourierorpostalserviceatthesameplaceanddateandforthesamedestination.6/4/202362案例某糧油A公司于某年以CIF條件與英國(guó)貿(mào)易B公司達(dá)成交易，向其出售一筆棉籽油?？倲?shù)量為840公噸，允許分批裝運(yùn)。對(duì)方開來信用證中有關(guān)裝運(yùn)條款規(guī)定：“840公噸棉籽油，裝運(yùn)港：廣州，允許分二批裝運(yùn)；460公噸于9月15日前至倫敦，380公噸于10月15日前至利物浦”。糧油進(jìn)出口公司于8月3日在廣州黃埔港裝305公噸至倫敦，計(jì)劃在月末再繼續(xù)裝155公噸至倫敦，9月末再裝至利物浦的380公噸。第一批305公噸裝完后即辦理議付，但單據(jù)寄到國(guó)外，開證行于8月15日提出單證不符。試分析。6/4/202363RelevantlinktoUCP600Article32InstallmentDrawingsorShipmentsIfadrawingorshipmentbyinstallmentswithingivenperiodsisstipulatedinthecreditandanyinstallmentisnotdrawnorshippedwithintheperiodallowedforthatinstallment,thecreditceasestobeavailableforthatandanysubsequentinstallment.6/4/202364Shippingadvice(裝運(yùn)通知)Whenthegoodsareshippedonboardthevessel,thesellerneedstogivethebuyerpromptnoticeof:PortofshipmentThedateofsailingThenameofthecarryingvesselTheestimatedtimeofarrivalSampleofShippingAdvice6/4/202365Laytime,demurrage,anddispatchmoneyLaytimeisthetimeallowedforcompletionofloadingandunloading.Thereareseveralwaysofstipulatinglaytime:DaysorrunningdaysWeatherworkingdaysof24hoursWeatherworkingdaysof24consecutivehours6/4/202366Demurragecompensationpaidfordetentionofaship,freightcar,orothercargoconveyanceduringloadingorunloadingbeyondthescheduledtimeofdeparture.Dispatchmoneyamountpaidbyavessel’soperatortoachartererifloadingorunloadingiscompletedinlesstimethanstipulatedinthecharterparty.6/4/2023673.3Majorshippingdocuments※Billoflading※Consignmentnote(forRailandRoad)AirwaybillCombinedtransportdocuments(CTD)6/4/202368BillofladingDefinitionandFunctionAbilloflading(sometimesreferredtoasaBOL,orB/L)isadocumentissuedbyacarriertoashipper,acknowledgingthatspecifiedgoodshavebeenreceivedonboardascargoforconveyancetoanamedplacefordeliverytotheconsigneewhoisusuallyidentified.6/4/202369Abillofladingisashippingdocumentthatservesas:1)areceiptofthegoods(貨物收據(jù))2)adocumentoftitle(物權(quán)憑證)3)theevidenceofthecontractbetweentheconsignorandthecarrier(運(yùn)輸契約的證明)6/4/202370TypesofB/LAsperwhetherthegoodsareshippedonboard:Shipped(onboard)B/L已裝船提單√ReceivedforshipmentB/L備運(yùn)提單AsperwhethertheB/Liscleanornot:CleanB/L清潔提單√Unclean/FoulB/L不清潔提單Someremarkscannotberegardedas“unclean”.不明白地表示貨物或包裝不能令人滿意，如：“舊包裝”，“舊箱”強(qiáng)調(diào)承運(yùn)人對(duì)于貨物或包裝性質(zhì)引起的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不負(fù)責(zé)任否認(rèn)承運(yùn)人知悉貨物內(nèi)容、質(zhì)量、重量等發(fā)貨人裝載并計(jì)數(shù)6/4/202371AspertheissuerofB/LMasterB/L船東單HouseB/L貨代單AsperthenameoftheconsigneeStraightB/L記名提單BlankB/L/BearerB/L不記名提單OrderB/L指示提單(widelyused)√6/4/202372

提單抬頭

是否背書

能否轉(zhuǎn)讓

StraightB/LNoendorsementTheconsignorcannottransfer.Theconsigneecanifnecessary.BlankB/LNoendorsementTransferableOrderB/LtoordertoorderofshippertoorderofconsigneetoorderofbankBytheconsignorBytheconsigneeBythebankTransferableafterendorsement.6/4/202373AsperthecontentoftheB/LLongformB/L全式提單ShortformB/L簡(jiǎn)式提單AspertheeffectofB/LOriginalB/L正本提單√CopyB/L副本提單6/4/202374AsperthemodesoftransportDirectB/L直達(dá)提單TransshipmentB/L轉(zhuǎn)船提單ThroughB/L聯(lián)運(yùn)提單AsperthetypesofshippingservicesLinerB/L班輪提單CharterpartyB/L租船提單6/4/202375AspertheissuingdateofB/LStaleB/L過期提單Ante-datedB/L倒簽提單AdvancedB/L預(yù)借提單OthertypesofB/LContainerB/L集裝箱提單OndeckB/L艙面提單6/4/202376案例分析我國(guó)某公司與瑞士某公司簽訂某農(nóng)產(chǎn)品3500公噸的合同，每公噸CIF鹿特丹24英鎊共值84000英鎊。裝船日期為當(dāng)年12月至次年1月，對(duì)方以不可撤銷的即期信用證進(jìn)行支付。我國(guó)某公司在租船裝運(yùn)時(shí)，因原訂貨船臨時(shí)損壞，在國(guó)外修理，不能在預(yù)定的時(shí)間到達(dá)我國(guó)口岸裝貨，臨時(shí)改派香港某公司租船裝運(yùn)，但又因連日風(fēng)雪，遲至2月11日才裝完畢，2月13日開航。我某公司了取得符合信用證所規(guī)定的裝船日期（即19××年12月1日至次年1月31日）提單，要求外輪代理公司按次年1月31日簽發(fā)提單，并以此提單向我銀行辦理議付。6/4/202377貨物到達(dá)鹿特丹，經(jīng)買方聘請(qǐng)律師上船查閱航行日志，查實(shí)提單的簽發(fā)日期是偽造的立即憑證向當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ浩鹪V，并由法院發(fā)出扣船通知。船由外輪公司以30000英鎊擔(dān)保放行，我方經(jīng)四個(gè)月的談判，共賠償20600英鎊，買方才撤回上訴而結(jié)案，既損失了外匯，又對(duì)外造成了不良的影響。試對(duì)此案進(jìn)行分析。6/4/202378分析:

倒簽提單是一種違法行為，一旦被識(shí)破，產(chǎn)生的后果是嚴(yán)重的。但是在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，倒簽提單的情況相當(dāng)普遍。尤其是當(dāng)延期時(shí)間不多的情況下，還是有許多出口商會(huì)鋌而走險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)?shù)购灥娜兆虞^長(zhǎng)的情況出現(xiàn)，就容易引起買方懷疑，最終可以通過查閱船長(zhǎng)的航行日志或者班輪時(shí)刻表等途徑加以識(shí)破。6/4/202379ContentsofBillofLading1．提單的號(hào)碼（B/L.NO.______）2．托運(yùn)人（Shipper）3．收貨人或指示（ConsigneeorOrder）4．被通知人（NotifyParty）5．前段運(yùn)輸（pre-carriageby）6．收貨地點(diǎn)（placeofreceipt）7．船名船次（Vessel/VOYNO.）8．裝貨港（PortofLading）9．卸貨港（PortofDischarge）10．交貨地點(diǎn)（PlaceofDelivery）6/4/20238011．運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志（MarksandNos）12．包裝種類和件數(shù)，貨名（NumberandKindofPackages,DescriptionofGoods）13．毛重（GrossWeight）14．尺碼（Measurement）15．大寫件數(shù)（totalnumberof