名校版高考英語語法專題 定語從句

名校版高考英語語法專題定語從句[語境中體悟用法]朗讀下面短文，體會、領悟加黑單詞為哪類關系詞，在從句中充當什么成分，修飾的先行詞是什么。Itwas

thesummerof2020,

when①IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisa

wonderfulplace,

where②Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.

Ourclassroom,

theroofofwhich③lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.

Themainreason

why④IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwith

my_classmates

here,

twoofwhom⑤aremybestfriends.

Jack,

who⑥comesfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool,isveryactive.Helikes

varioussports,

amongwhich⑦helikesrunningmost.Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday,

which⑧makeshimlookstrong.

Nick,

whose⑨fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool,studiesveryhard.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleand

thethings

that⑩weseeinourschool.Nickprefersthefood

that?ismadeinourcanteen.

Theteacher

whom?helikesisMrZhang,ourmathteacher,whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher,MissChen.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.[用法體悟]①先行詞是thesummerof2020，在定語從句中作時間狀語，用關系副詞when(＝inwhich)引導定語從句。②先行詞是awonderfulplace，在定語從句中作地點狀語，用關系副詞where(＝atwhich)引導定語從句。③先行詞是Our_classroom，指物，關系詞應用which。theroofofwhich中的of表所屬關系，意為“我們教室的屋頂”。④先行詞是The_main_reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，用why引導。⑤先行詞是my_classmates，指人，關系詞應用whom。twoofwhom中的of表示部分與整體的關系，意為“我的同班同學中的兩個人”。⑥先行詞是Jack，在定語從句中作主語，用who引導。⑦先行詞是various_sports，關系詞在介詞among后作賓語，只能用which。⑧先行詞是“Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday”整個句子，并在從句中作主語，定語從句應用which引導。⑨先行詞是Nick，在定語從句中作定語，表示Nick's，用whose引導。⑩先行詞是the_people_and_the_things，既有人又有物，通常用that引導。?先行詞是thefood，在定語從句中作主語，故用that或which引導。?先行詞是Theteacher，在定語從句中作likes的賓語，故用whom或who引導。[系統(tǒng)中整合規(guī)則]定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句(與主句之間用逗號隔開)兩種。定語從句的基本結構為：先行詞＋關系代詞或關系副詞＋從句。關系詞有三大作用：指代先行詞；引導定語從句；在從句中充當句子成分。(一)關系代詞的用法1．關系代詞的基本用法關系代詞修飾的先行詞在從句中所作成分who人作主語、賓語whom人作賓語which事物作主語、賓語that人或事物作主語、賓語、表語whose人或事物作定語as人或事物，一般用于“such...as”“thesame...as”“as...as”結構中作主語、賓語2．五種只用that而不用which的情況(1)先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時；Doyouhave

anythingthat

youwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要為自己說的嗎？(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或theonly,thevery(恰恰，正好),thelast,all,no,few,little,any等修飾時；Thisisoneof

themostexciting

footballgames

that

Ihaveeverseen.這是我見過的最激動人心的足球比賽之一。Thisis

theonly

thing

that

wecandonow.這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。(3)先行詞既有人又有物時；Thescientistandhisachievementsthat

youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.你告訴我的那位科學家和他的成就為我們所有人所欽佩。(4)當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞在從句中也作表語時；Shanghaiisnolonger

thecitythat

itusedtobe.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。(5)當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Who

istheperson

that

isstandingatthegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？3．which與as引導非限制性定語從句的3點區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置靈活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末搭配上無動詞的限制謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see,hear,know,expect,remember等意思上意為“這一點”（前后有因果關系）表示“正如……，正像……樣”(二)關系副詞的用法先行詞關系副詞在從句中所作成分與“介詞＋關系代詞”的關系表示時間的名詞：time,day,year等when作時間狀語＝at/in/on/duringwhich表示地點的名詞：park,place,house等where作地點狀語＝in/at/to/onwhich表示理由或原因的名詞reasonwhy作原因狀語＝forwhich(三)“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句“介詞＋關系代詞”既能引導限制性定語從句，又能引導非限制性定語從句。先行詞指物時，關系代詞用which；先行詞指人時，關系代詞用whom；關系代詞whose與所修飾的名詞也可同時放在介詞之后。Chinaisalargecountry

inwhich

manydifferentdialectsarespoken.中國是一個說許多不同方言的大國。Heistheperson

onwhom

youcandepend.他是你可以信賴的人。Hewastheman

from

whose

roomthethiefhadstolenhisbag.他就是被小偷從房間里偷走包的那個人。[集訓中明晰考點]考點1根據(jù)在從句中充當?shù)某煞诌x擇關系詞1.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.解析：that/which根據(jù)語境和句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，并在定語從句中作主語，而先行詞tool為物，故此處要填關系代詞that或which。2.Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeople________werelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.解析：who分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導定語從句，修飾people，且所填詞在從句中作主語，故填關系代詞who。3....Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.解析：where分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導定語從句，修飾aspot，且所填詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填關系副詞where。4.InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.解析：whose關系詞在定語從句中作定語，修飾paintings，故填whose?？键c2關系副詞where的特殊用法where引導定語從句時，先行詞除了可以是表示具體地點的名詞(如place,home,school,village等)外，還可以是表示抽象地點的名詞(如job,life,situation,point,case,stage,activity等)。1.Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareer________hiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.解析：where分析句子可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞career，并在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，故用關系副詞where。2.Acoupleofyearsago,filmmakerDavidBondrealizedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree，wereattachedtoscreenstothepoint________hewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthreeyearoldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.解析：where分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞point，并在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，故用關系副詞where。3.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunication________theydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.解析：where分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞system，并在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，故用關系副詞where。考點3關系代詞只用that不用which的情況1.Itcanbeeasytoletaparticularschoolbecomeafrontrunnerearlyoninyourdecisionmakingprocess,anditmayevenbecomethewinningchoice—butbesuretocarefullyevaluateeveryschool________hasacceptedyou,sinceyouhadparticularreasonsforapplyingtoeachschool.解析：that此處應填入引導定語從句并在定語從句中作主語的關系代詞。當先行詞前有all，every,any等不定代詞修飾時，關系代詞通常用that。2.SoIstoppedthefirstcab_______drovebymyhouse.解析：that先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時關系代詞要用that。3.Hewasteditonsomething________isunnecessary.解析：that先行詞是不定代詞時關系代詞要用that。4.HeexpressedhishopethathewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhope________heexpressedassoonashearrivedinthecountry.解析：that句意：他表示希望明年再次訪問中國，這也是他一到中國就表達的希望。hope為先行詞，且被thevery修飾，故關系詞用that?？键c4關系代詞as先行詞被such,thesame,“so＋形容詞＋a/an”“as＋形容詞＋a/an”修飾時，關系代詞要用as。另外關系代詞as可以用整個主句作為其先行詞，指代上文或下文所說的事，并且as含有“就像”的意思。as從句可以位于句首、句尾或句中，which的先行詞也可以是整個句子，但which從句一般位于句尾。1.________thesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.解析：As句意：正如這首歌所唱，這條漫長而曲折的道路“永遠不會消失”，它將永遠留在游客的記憶中。根據(jù)句意和句式結構可知，空格處缺少關系代詞，先行詞是句子thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，空格的位置在句首，故填As。2.Hepointedoutsuchacrucialdetailabouttheexperiment________wecouldneverneglect.解析：as句意：他指出有關實驗的一個我們絕不能忽視的關鍵細節(jié)。根據(jù)句意判斷，先行詞為acrucialdetail，在定語從句中作neglect的賓語，且先行詞被such修飾，故用關系代詞as。3.Becauseofhealthproblems,Petercannotcontinuetoworkatthesamefullpace________hehasdoneuptonow.解析：as句意：由于健康問題，彼得不能繼續(xù)全速這樣到現(xiàn)在為止一直從事的工作了。pace是先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作賓語，由于前面有thesame，故用as。(1)關系代詞和關系副詞在任何情況下都不能省略；(2)關系代詞要用which和who，不能用that；如果關系代詞表示人且緊跟在介詞后，只能用whom，不能用who和that；(3)關系副詞when,where可用于非限制性定語從句，而關系副詞why不可以?？键c5非限制性定語從句中關系詞的選擇1.Romecanbepriceyfortravelers，________iswhymanychoosetostayinahostel(旅社)．解析：which分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為主句，故填關系代詞which。2.Mymother，________isneverspeechless,wasspeechless.解析：who分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Mymother,故填關系代詞who。3.Dr.Rowan，________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.解析：whose句意：羅恩博士不得不自己做所有的打字工作，他的秘書兩周前辭職了。secretary與先行詞Dr.Rowan之間為所屬關系，空格處在從句中作定語，需用whose。4.Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s，________hegaveittohisgrandson.解析：when句意：史密斯先生擁有這幅油畫，直到20世紀90年代初，他把它給了他的孫子。這是一個含有非限制性定語從句的主從復合句，從句缺少時間狀語，因此用when引導定語從句，修飾先行詞theearly1990s。考點6“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句中介詞的選擇(1)根據(jù)定語從句中動詞、形容詞的某種習慣搭配來確定；(2)根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定；(3)根據(jù)所表達的意思來確定。1.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimal______whichtheywishtocommunicate.解析：with這是“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的限制性定語從句，先行詞是theanimal(指物)，從句謂語為communicate，常和with搭配，故用withwhich來引導。2.Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,________whichstudentscanchooseforfree.解析：from句意：現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上有很多課程，學生可以免費從中選擇(來學習)。這是“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Manylessons(指物)，從句謂語為choose，常和from搭配，故用fromwhich來引導。3.Therearemanyoccasions______whichyouareleftinahelplesssituation，________whichyoucandependonnooneotherthanyourself.解析：on;in句意：很多時候你處于無助的境地，在這種情況下，除了自己，你誰也依靠不了。第一空用onwhich引導定語從句修飾occasions，onmanyoccasions表示“很多時候”；第二空用inwhich引導定語從句修飾situation，situation表示抽象的地點，其前常用介詞in。[自測中查漏補缺]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.As

hewritesinhisnewbook,

A

Long

Way

Home,

Brierleycouldn'thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.2.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,

which

sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.3.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

who

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.4.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth

that/which

givesofflightinthedark.5.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestfilms

that

hasbeenshownthisyear.6.Salesdirectorisaposition

where

communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.7.Itwasfunnythatheshouldhavetoldsuchafunnystory

as

madeeveryonepresentburstintolaughter.8.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction

of

whichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.9．Herson,to

whom

shewasdevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.10．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose

whose

liveswereaffected.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ontheotherhand,Icanseethesingers'stories,

which_are_so_inspiring.另一方面，我能看到這些歌唱家如此激勵人心的故事。2．It'sareallybeautifulschoolinourcity,

where_many_flowers_and_trees_have_been_planted.它在我們市真的是一個美麗的學校，那兒種植著許多花和樹。3．Heisaman

whom_we_are_all_ready_to_learn_from.他是我們大家都愿意向他學習的人。4．Thisistheverybook

that_I_am_looking_for.這正是我要找的那本書。5．Those

who_survived_the_floods

couldhardlybelievewhathadhappened.那些在洪水中幸存下來的人很難相信所發(fā)生的事情。Ⅲ.語法填空RestorersareworkingontheJiankousectionoftheGreatWall,__1__(build)duringtheMingDynasty,andthejobisintense—theseworkersareriskingtheirlives.TheJiankousectionsitsonthetopofthemountainto__2__vehicleshavenoaccess.Justgettingtothetwelvemilesection__3__(take)fortyminutes,andthingsdon'tget__4__(easy)whentheworkersarriveatthedestination.Wherethefloorsaren'tflat,theyneedtodragsuppliestoreachtherightspot.Thetriptothesiteissochallenging__5__repairerscanonlycarrybasictoolsandreachthewall'ssidesfromthetop.Oneworkerwilltiearopearoundhiswaist,while__6__holdsonfromabove.Withsuchafardropdown,survivingafallwouldbe__7__matterofluck.__8__(keep)tohistoricalaccuracy,restorerseither