PIC種豬飼養(yǎng)管理技術課件

Source:StatisticalfromJan.02toJan.03PIC中國公司技術服務部

牛如廣

-2005-PIC種豬飼養(yǎng)管理技術ManagementofPICBreedingPigs康貝爾母豬在中國的生產(chǎn)性能CamboroughPerformanceInChinaSource:StatisticalfromJan.02toJan.03PIC的產(chǎn)品PIC的產(chǎn)品簡述后備母豬的培養(yǎng)最大程度蛋白質(zhì)的沉積Maximizeproteingrowth控制體重的過快增長Controlledweightgain達到合適的種用體況Achievebodytissuetargets妊娠期Gestation各階段的飼喂評定Criticalstagesoffeeding胚胎的生長Tissuegain(restoration)哺乳期Lactation盡可能地多采食MaximizeIntake盡量減少失重Minimizetissueloss后備母豬的培養(yǎng)GiltDevelopment-營養(yǎng)需要NutritionalRequirements營養(yǎng)Nutrition保育–育成Nursery-Grower保持最快速度的生長Maximizeleantissuegrowthrate育肥FinisherMaximizeleantissuegrowthrate;however,don’tmaximizethroughput飼料配方比屠宰豬的能量低一點Lowerenergydietsthancommercial蛋白能量比與屠宰豬相近Sameaminoacidtoenergyratiosascommercialdiets有效磷含量0.35%.35availablephosphorus添加復合維生素B及鉻AddedBvitamins,choline,andchromium6/4/2023PIC康貝爾后備母豬的培養(yǎng)建議

GiltDevelopmentPICC22Recommendations

生長豬(25-65kg)

Growinggilts(From25to65Kg)

飼喂與營養(yǎng)FeedingandNutrition自由采食Giltsshouldbefedonad-libitumbasis(freeaccesstofeed)飼料配方與生長豬相近Dietscouldbesimilartogrowerpigs清潔的飲水Availabilityofcleanwateratalltimes.15頭豬至少有一個飲水器Onenippleper15pigsmore圈舍與環(huán)境Housingandenvironment后備母豬的欄位與育肥舍相近Giltsshouldbehousedinpens,similartofinisher飼養(yǎng)密度與育肥舍相近Spaceallowancesshouldbesimilarascommercial(7–8sqft)室溫適中Temperatureshouldbeinthethermo-neutralrangebetween(18-23C).保證足夠的通風Provideadequateventilation6/4/2023

隔離馴化期60-120kgsolationandAcclimation60Kg-120KgThisimportantprocessshouldcontinuesinthisperiod.圈舍Housing種豬應合理分群飼養(yǎng)Giltsshouldbehousedpreferablyinpens每天飼喂2-3次，保證能夠采食到足夠量的飼料，但也避免浪費Ifinstalls,fullfeedtoavoidwastageandimproveintakefeed2or3times/day每頭種豬的飼養(yǎng)空間至少應為屠宰豬的1.5倍Spaceallowancesinpensshouldbeofminimum150%ofcommercialproduction每欄飼養(yǎng)12頭左右，最多不超過18-20頭Groupsizeshouldbe12withmaximumof18-20gilts/pen公豬刺激其性成熟，控制其生長速度BoarExposuretoslowgrowthandtostimulateestrus日增重為680gGoalADG680grPIC康貝爾后備母豬的培養(yǎng)建議

GiltDevelopmentPICC22Recommendations6/4/2023“清潔的環(huán)境，干燥的地板，良好的通風，適宜的溫度Environmentshouldbeclean,withdryflooring,wellventilatedwithadequatetemperature”溫度的重要性Temperatureinthermoneutralzoneforgilts,(18-23C)過高或過低的溫度都會影響種豬的性成熟過高的溫度還會影響種豬的采食量過低的溫度需要消耗額外的飼料來維持體能光照(對種豬有影響但還未得到證實)Lighting(effectnotclearlydemonstrated)每天應提供給種豬12-16小時的光照空氣質(zhì)量Airquality如果ThedevelopmentofgiltsinclosedbarnsimposestheneedforsystemsthatprovideadequateventilationandairqualityProvidewithfreshairwhiletargettemperatureandrelativehumidityaremaintained.Recommendedventilationratesingilts:(CFM/head)Cold(0.34);Moderate(1.13);Hot(4.25)

PIC康貝爾后備母豬的培養(yǎng)建議GiltDevelopmentPICC22Recommendations6/4/2023“清潔的環(huán)境，干燥的地板，良好的通風，適宜的溫度Environmentshouldbeclean,withdryflooring,wellventilatedwithadequatetemperature”空氣質(zhì)量Airquality如果是封閉式的豬舍，應該保證良好的通風以提高空氣質(zhì)量Thedevelopmentofgiltsinclosedbarnsimposestheneedforsystemsthatprovideadequateventilationandairquality在保證溫度和濕度適宜的前提下，保持空氣新鮮Providewithfreshairwhiletargettemperatureandrelativehumidityaremaintained.推薦的種豬豬舍空氣流通量Recommendedventilationratesingilts:(CFM/head)冷Cold(0.34);適中Moderate(1.13);熱Hot(4.25)

PIC康貝爾后備母豬的培養(yǎng)建議GiltDevelopmentPICC22RecommendationsKg/dayPIC康貝爾種豬從被選作種用到第一次斷奶間的采食量FeedingLevelforPICC22GiltsFromSelectionThroughFirstWeaningAdLib*Tocondition2.2–2.5**2.3-2.7Adlib被選作種用Selection配后100天Day100產(chǎn)仔前Pre-farrow

哺乳Lactation再配Service初配Service斷奶WeanToappetiteGestation130KgP216-18mmP216-18mmP218-20mm

* Feedleveldependsondeliveryweight.Ex:220lbs(AdLib);250lbs(5.0lbs/d).** Promotegrowthbutdon’tletgettoofat.P2endpoint,18-20mm.2.2Adlibfor7dLactationGestationIsolation&Acclimatation7>初配體重及P2背膘厚度對母豬5胎內(nèi)生產(chǎn)性能的關系初配體重LbsKg初配P2背膘厚度,mm產(chǎn)活仔總數(shù)25711714.655.627712515.861.430013617.762.332114320.064.634515622.460.636516625.359.3(Challinoretal.,1996)妊娠期的飼養(yǎng)GestationFeedingtoCondition目標Targets妊娠期的增重PregnancyWeightGain后備母豬34公斤Gilts–75pounds(34kg)第二胎母豬25公斤P2’s–55pounds(25kg)三胎及三胎以上的35-45公斤P3>35-45pounds(18kg)產(chǎn)仔時的背膘Backfatatfarrowing最小為1616minimum目標為18-2018-20target最大為2222maximum

妊娠期飼養(yǎng) <121 7.5lbs3.75kg/d12-162 6.0lbs2.7kg/d 16-183 4.8lbs2.4kg/d妊娠后期

90天 6.0lbs2.7kg/dFeedtocondidtion妊娠5-50天的飼喂水平以一頭180kg的母豬為例Day5-50ofPregnancyFeedLevel:180Kg

sow

背膘

體況評分日采食量12345最適宜的3.0–3.5至少2.0平均背膘厚度:mm <10 11-15 16-18 19-22 22+妊娠豬的體況評分標準

妊娠豬的體況評分標準妊娠期的飼養(yǎng)GestationFeeding飼喂程序Feedingprogramimplementation每天飼喂一次或兩次Onceversustwiceadayfeeding據(jù)飼喂結(jié)果的差異性及各農(nóng)場的實際情況保證足量的清潔飲水CleanWaterneedstobeavailable母豬日飲水量為19公升，在夏天則需要22-30公升妊娠期的飼喂營養(yǎng)要求營養(yǎng)需求賴氨酸Lysine后備母豬0.65%gilts經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬0.60%herd能量Energy1465Kcal/lb鈣磷比Ca/P0.90%鈣;0.42%有效磷粗纖維Fiber4–5%添加量added原料取決于價格和實用性Sourcedependentoncost/availability6/4/2023妊娠期圈舍及環(huán)境要求Gestation

(HousingandEnvironment)需要考慮到圈舍及環(huán)境因素Housing&EnvironmentConsiderations定位欄飼養(yǎng)優(yōu)于群體飼養(yǎng)如可能，定位欄飼養(yǎng)妊娠舍欄位應保證清潔干燥適宜的溫度應為(18-23C).最低溫度為14C.如果使用滴水等降溫系統(tǒng)，最高溫度不超過23-26C在早期妊娠階段，過高的溫度(30C+)會導致初配母豬的胚胎死亡空氣質(zhì)量:

濕度 50%-80% 一氧化碳 <50ppm

氨氣 <25ppm

通風,CFM(Cold12,Temperate40,Hot150)哺乳期飼養(yǎng)–飼喂程序的執(zhí)行重點Keys根據(jù)農(nóng)場實際情況Systemdependent盡可能地多采食Don’tletprogramminimizefeedintake每天多次飼喂Feedmultipletimes/day制作飼料消耗卡FeedCards優(yōu)點遵循固定的程序Followsspecificpattern及時知道母豬采食狀況Knowwhensowsareofffeed缺點費時Takestime記錄的準確性？Recordingaccuracyquestionable哺乳期飼養(yǎng)–飼喂程序的執(zhí)行一貫的飼喂方式FeedingMethodsContinued務必保證飼槽里的飼料干凈新鮮Keepclean/freshfeedinfeederatalltimes每天清理飼槽Cleanfeedersdaily必要時除去被污染的飼料Removespoiledfeedasneeded哺乳期的飼養(yǎng)管理窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)1-7天8-14天14-19天99.8(4.5Kg)12.5(5.7Kg)13.8(6.3Kg)1010.6(4.8Kg)13.4(6.1Kg)14.9(6.8Kg)1111.3(5.1Kg)14.4(6.5Kg)16.2(7.4Kg)哺乳期間飼料消耗量與窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)間的關系aFirstLitter350lbsBW.PGR=165,230,and265g/dforweeks1,2,and3.bIntakeestimatebasedon:1,530Mcal/lb,85%ofenergybalanceachieved.從產(chǎn)仔到斷奶間的飼喂HowtoFeedtheSowfromd-1toWeaning

康貝爾母豬哺乳期的飼喂水平FeedIntakeLevelsforLactatingCam22Sows

?AverageIntakeinKgbyParityandSeasonalRangeObserved?21dlactation5.24.85.55.1865.56.266S.Pollo初產(chǎn)母豬的培養(yǎng)-斷奶體重與發(fā)情間隔的關系WilliamsandMullan,1989y=0.0028x2-1.0337x+102.17

R2=.762

0510152025303580100120140160180200220Weightofsowatweaning,kgWeantomatinginterval,d影響采食量的因素

水流量(飲水不充足會引起便秘)保證24小時都可以采食24hourfeedaccess飼料配方穩(wěn)定Consistentdietcomposition粉料或顆粒料高質(zhì)量的顆粒料促進采食低質(zhì)量的顆粒料降低采食6/4/2023康貝爾母豬哺乳期的飼養(yǎng)ManagementofC22sowsinLactation在圏舍方面Abouttheroom…圏舍清潔，干燥且消毒過的Havetheroomclean,dryanddisinfected設施齊全Haveallneededequipmentinplace(heatlamps,mats,etc.)溫度適宜Roomtemperatureshouldbecomfortableforthesows(18-22C)飼槽及飲水器運作良好Feedersandnipplesshouldbeingoodcondition飲水器的水流2公升每分種Waterflowof0.5gal/minute(2lt/min)isneeded水壓不要過高Lowwaterpressure在轉(zhuǎn)豬方面Movingthesows…進入產(chǎn)房前需清洗母豬Washthesowsbeforeenteringintofarrowingroom輕輕地將母豬趕到產(chǎn)房Movethesowsgentlytotheroom在早晨將母豬趕到產(chǎn)房Movethemearlyinthemorning將相應的母豬卡片轉(zhuǎn)移到產(chǎn)房Bringsowinwithherindividualcard6/4/2023產(chǎn)房的環(huán)境要求FarrowingEnvironment空氣質(zhì)量Airquality氨氣Ammonia <25ppm一氧化碳Carbonmonoxide <50ppm濕度Humidity 50%-80%通風Ventilationrate冷Cold 20CFM適中Temperate 80CFM熱Hot 500CFM(400ifdrippersareused)PIC的產(chǎn)品6/4/2023產(chǎn)房的溫度要求FarrowingRoomTemperature圈舍溫度適宜的圏舍溫度促進母豬采食量，提高其泌乳性能，每天至少飼喂三次圈舍溫度的調(diào)節(jié)應根據(jù)母豬的需求而非乳豬產(chǎn)仔前 16-20C產(chǎn)后第一天至第三天 20-22C產(chǎn)后第四天至斷奶 18-20C如何達到妊娠期最佳的采食量？WhatCompromisesLactationIntake?

食欲下降，泌乳Devastatesintakeandmilkoutput營養(yǎng)水平的高低對其采食量無太大影響Littlecanbedonenutritionally最好的選擇-早期斷奶Mostpowerfuloptions–splitorearlywean

在天氣很熱的情況下ExtremeHeatStress

6/4/2023從斷奶到配種間隔的飼養(yǎng)WeantoServiceInterval

目標:減少從斷奶到配種的間隔時間使用妊娠飼料或哺乳飼料UseGestationorLactationfeed盡可能地多飼喂Feedasmuchaspossible每天飼喂2-3次，但也要避免浪費Feed2-3timesadaytoavoidfeedwastage隨時保證充足的飲水WatershouldbeavailableatalltimespreferablythroughNipple評定體況較差的豬只并使其盡快恢復Identifysowsinpoorconditiontostartrecoveringthem,soon在斷奶后第一天就用公豬誘情Workwiththeboarforestrusstimulationfromday1afterweaning

6/4/2023從斷奶到配種間隔的飼養(yǎng)WeantoService

(環(huán)境衛(wèi)生角度Hygiene&Environment)需要考慮到的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生Hygiene&EnvironmentConsiderations配種區(qū)必須干凈，干燥并且消毒過的Breedingareashouldbeclean,disinfectedanddry圈欄必須沖洗、消毒，并且必須干燥后再進斷奶豬Wash,disinfectandletthecratesdrybeforeplacingweanedsows適宜的溫度Temperaturecomfortzone(18-23C).

最低的臨界溫度Minimalcriticaltemperatureis13C空氣質(zhì)量Airquality:濕度Humidity 50%-80%氨氣Ammonia <25ppm一氧化碳CarbonMonoxide <50ppm通風Ventilationrate Cold14