電流繼電器課件

《輸電線路專業(yè)英語》UnitFourProtectiveRelays繼電器是根據(jù)某種輸入信號(hào)的變化，接通或斷開控制電路，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制和保護(hù)電力裝置的自動(dòng)電器。分類：繼電器的種類很多，按輸入信號(hào)的性質(zhì)分為：電壓繼電器、電流繼電器、時(shí)間繼電器、溫度繼電器、速度繼電器、壓力繼電器等；按工作原理可分為：電磁式繼電器、感應(yīng)式繼電器、電動(dòng)式繼電器、熱繼電器和電子式繼電器等；按輸出形式可分為：有觸點(diǎn)和無觸點(diǎn)兩類，按用途可分為：控制用與保護(hù)用繼電器等。常用繼電器：電磁式繼電器DL-10電磁型過電流繼電器

1─線圈2─電磁鐵3─鋼舌片4─軸5─反作用彈簧6─軸承7─靜觸點(diǎn)8─動(dòng)觸點(diǎn)9─起動(dòng)電流調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)桿10─標(biāo)度盤（銘牌）原理：線圈通電后鐵芯被磁化產(chǎn)生足夠的電磁力吸引銜鐵并帶動(dòng)簧片，使動(dòng)觸點(diǎn)和靜觸點(diǎn)閉合或分開，當(dāng)線圈斷電后，電磁吸力消失，動(dòng)觸點(diǎn)和靜觸點(diǎn)回到原來閉合或斷開狀態(tài)，達(dá)到控制的目的。/show/9_gnJqBx0FNC1P5Z.html感應(yīng)式過電流繼電器1─線圈2─鐵心3─短路環(huán)4─鋁盤5─鋼片6─框架7─調(diào)節(jié)彈簧8─制動(dòng)永久磁鐵9─扇形齒輪10─渦桿11─扁桿12─繼電器觸頭13─時(shí)間調(diào)節(jié)螺桿

14─速斷電流調(diào)節(jié)螺桿15─銜鐵16─動(dòng)作電流調(diào)節(jié)插銷主要用于變壓器及其他電氣設(shè)備的過電流及短路保護(hù)。繼電器的工作原理是:當(dāng)繼電器的線圈通以交流電流時(shí)，則在鐵芯的遮蔽與未遮蔽部分產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)具有一定相位差的磁通。圓盤在此磁通的作用下，產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩。在20%-40%動(dòng)作電流整定值下，圓盤開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。此時(shí)由于扇齒與蝸桿沒有咬合，故障電器觸點(diǎn)不動(dòng)作。當(dāng)線圈中的電流增大至整定電流時(shí)，電磁力矩大于彈簧的反作用力矩?？蚣苻D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，使扇齒與蝸桿咬合，扇齒上升。在扇齒頂桿的推動(dòng)下，使動(dòng)鐵動(dòng)作，觸點(diǎn)閉合。電壓繼電器輸入量(激勵(lì)量)是電壓并當(dāng)其達(dá)到規(guī)定的電壓值時(shí)做出相應(yīng)動(dòng)作的一種繼電器。電磁型電壓繼電器有過電壓繼電器和欠電壓繼電器兩種。其結(jié)構(gòu)與電磁型電流繼電器相同，但電壓繼電器一般是經(jīng)過電壓互感器接在電力網(wǎng)上，其動(dòng)作行為取決于電網(wǎng)電壓。時(shí)間繼電器當(dāng)加入(或去掉)輸入的動(dòng)作信號(hào)后，其輸出電路需經(jīng)過規(guī)定的準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間才產(chǎn)生跳躍式變化(或觸頭動(dòng)作)的一種繼電器。時(shí)間繼電器應(yīng)用鐘表機(jī)構(gòu)和電磁鐵作用，獲得一定的動(dòng)作時(shí)限。在繼電保護(hù)中完成保護(hù)裝置的計(jì)時(shí)功能。中間繼電器用于增加控制電路中的信號(hào)數(shù)量或信號(hào)強(qiáng)度的一種繼電器。輔助繼電器。中間繼電器的觸頭容量較大，觸頭數(shù)量較多，在繼電保護(hù)接線中，當(dāng)需要同時(shí)閉合或斷開幾條獨(dú)立回路，或者要求比較大的觸點(diǎn)容量去斷開或閉合大電流回路時(shí)，可以采用中間繼電器。中間繼電器可以用來直接接通斷路器的跳閘回路。信號(hào)繼電器信號(hào)繼電器用來標(biāo)志保護(hù)裝置的動(dòng)作，并同時(shí)接通燈光和聲響信號(hào)回路。其機(jī)構(gòu)與中間繼電器相同，但多了信號(hào)牌和手動(dòng)復(fù)歸旋鈕。差動(dòng)繼電器差動(dòng)繼電器由位于系統(tǒng)中兩個(gè)不同位置的電流互感器提供反饋信息。差動(dòng)繼電器對(duì)電流進(jìn)行比較，如果存在不同則表示受保護(hù)區(qū)域內(nèi)有故障存在。此類繼電器主要用于保護(hù)發(fā)電機(jī)線圈、變壓器、一段線路及母線設(shè)備。溫度繼電器主要測(cè)量電氣設(shè)備的溫度。Newwords1.relayn.驛馬,接替,[電工]繼電器vt.(消息,貨物等)分程傳遞,使接替,轉(zhuǎn)播vi.得到接替,轉(zhuǎn)播workin[by]relays輪班工作newrelaysoftroops新補(bǔ)充的部隊(duì)relaystation中繼站,轉(zhuǎn)播站2.energizevt.給加能量；激發(fā)；勵(lì)磁3.abnormaladj.反常的,變態(tài)的abnormalpsychology變態(tài)心理學(xué)Abnormallyadv.Abnormalismn.變態(tài)性,反常性4.plunger投入水中的人[物],跳水者,潛水者(槍炮等發(fā)火裝置的)撞針桿;【機(jī)】柱塞,活塞;(電磁鐵的)插棒式鐵心;(波導(dǎo)管)短路器投機(jī)者;冒險(xiǎn)者;狂賭者;魯莽的人5.solenoid【電】網(wǎng)絡(luò),網(wǎng)絡(luò)管;螺線管,螺線管線圈,電磁線圈;電磁鐵6.hinge鉸鏈;折[合]葉;活頁;轉(zhuǎn)軸樞紐;門樞;節(jié)點(diǎn),活動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié),關(guān)鍵;轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)Adoorturnsonitshinge.門依靠門樞而轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。vi.靠鉸鏈轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)[附著](on,upon);以[看]...而定;以...為轉(zhuǎn)移(on,upon),取決于,關(guān)鍵在于Everythinghingesonhowhardwework.一切取決于我們工作努力的程度。vt.裝上合葉;用鉸鏈接合;使以...為轉(zhuǎn)移[依據(jù)]hingeon取決于,隨...而定,以...為轉(zhuǎn)移offthehinges(門窗等)脫開鉸鏈的[口]脫節(jié);損壞;混亂[口]身體欠佳;精神失常;驚慌失措8.induction9.disk10.torque11.rotor13.instantaneous12.inherentadj.固有的,內(nèi)在的,與生俱來的inherentcontradictions內(nèi)在矛盾inherentlaws內(nèi)在規(guī)律beinherentin為...所固有,是...的固有性質(zhì);生來的Polarityisinherentinamagnet.極性是磁鐵的固有性質(zhì)。14.impairvt.損害,傷害;減少(量、價(jià)值、力等)impairone'shealth損害某人健康15.dragv.拖,拖曳,緩慢而費(fèi)力地行動(dòng)n.拖拉magneticdrag磁阻pull為通用詞。常伴有狀語表示拖的方向Asmallfishing-boatwascarriedmilesouttoseabyapowerfulfishasitpulledontheline.一條小漁般被一條力氣強(qiáng)大的魚拖著魚線帶數(shù)英里以外的海上去了。drag的含義是“慢慢地而沉重的拽”，而且包含著被拖者進(jìn)行著積極的或消極的阻抗或阻力Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.戰(zhàn)俘殺死衛(wèi)兵后，很快把他拖進(jìn)矮樹叢中。Bythistime,however,threemenhadcomeintotheringandtheyquicklydraggedthedrunktosafety.不過，到這時(shí)候三個(gè)人已經(jīng)走進(jìn)了拳擊場(chǎng)，把醉汗拖到了安全的地方。16.inertia【物】慣性;慣量【醫(yī)】惰性;無力不活動(dòng);遲鈍,缺乏活動(dòng)性momentofinertia轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量;慣性矩17.ingeniousadj.機(jī)靈的,有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的,精制的,具有創(chuàng)造才能aningeniousauthor有創(chuàng)造力的作家aningeniousdevice精巧的裝置18.incorporateadj.合并的,結(jié)社的,一體化的vt.合并,使組成公司,具體表現(xiàn)vi.合并,混合,組成公司vt.[律]結(jié)社,使成為法人組織Yourideawillbeincorporatedintheplan.將把你的意見編入計(jì)劃。Whenhisbusinessbecamelarge,heincorporatedit.在他的商店業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)充之后,他把它組成公司。19.sustainedadj.持續(xù)的;不變的;不間斷的;被支持的makesustainedefforts再接再勵(lì)sustainedflight穩(wěn)定持久飛行;(火箭)巡航飛行sustainvt.支撐,撐住,維持,持續(xù)20.cripplen.跛子v.削弱;使失去戰(zhàn)斗力,損壞beacrippleforlife成終生殘疾Theshipwascrippledinthestorm.那船在暴風(fēng)雨中受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。Hethatliveswithcrippleslearnstolimp.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。21.static靜態(tài)的：無動(dòng)作的；靜止的；靜態(tài)的【電學(xué)】靜電的：靜電的、與靜電有關(guān)的或產(chǎn)生靜電的staticinduction靜電感應(yīng)Dynamicadj.動(dòng)力的,動(dòng)力學(xué)的,動(dòng)態(tài)的22.insulation23.surgen.巨涌,洶涌,澎湃vi.洶涌,澎湃,振蕩,滑脫,放松vt.使洶涌奔騰,急放【電】電涌,振蕩asurgeofjoy.喜從天降A(chǔ)ngersurged(up)withinhim.他胸中怒氣洶涌。lightningsurge雷電沖擊波,雷涌,雷電沖擊surgelessadj.平穩(wěn)的,平靜的,無波濤的24.loopn.環(huán),線(繩)圈,彎曲部分,回路,回線,(鐵路)讓車道,(飛機(jī))翻圈飛行vt.使成環(huán),以圈結(jié),以環(huán)連結(jié)vi.打環(huán),翻筋斗n.循環(huán)【電學(xué)】閉合電路knockforaloop/throwforaloop使震驚,造成混亂;使激動(dòng)猛擊;打昏;把...醉倒給...極好的印象使陷入突然的災(zāi)難或不幸ontheloop在匆匆旅行中PhrasesandExpressions1.respondto回報(bào)2.thesameistruefor同樣符合于…3.assignto指定，委派4.dropout派出5.timedelay延時(shí)6.instantaneousoperation瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作7.sensingdevice互感器8.differentialrelay差動(dòng)保護(hù)ProtectiveRelaysAprotectiverelayisadevicethatmaybeenergizedbyavoltagesignal,acurrentsignal,orboth.Whenenergized,itoperatestoindicateorisolateanabnormaloperatingcondition（運(yùn)行狀態(tài)）.Basicallytheprotectiverelayconsistsofanoperatingelementandasetofcontacts.

Theoperatingelementtakesthesignalfromsensingdevices

（傳感器）inthesystem,suchascurrentorpotentialtransformers(orboth),performsameasuringoperation,andrespondstotheresultsbycausingthecontactstoopenorclose.Whentherelayoperates,itmayeitheractuateasignalorcompleteacircuittotripacircuitbreaker,whichinturnisolatesthesectionofthesystemthatisintrouble.Operatingelementsofprotectiverelaysaregenerallyconstructedinfourbasictypes.Theseare1.Plungerorsolenoidtype2.Hingedarmature3.Inductiondisk4.InductioncupTheplungerandthehingedarmaturetypeworkbymagneticattraction.Inthesethemovingpart,calledthearmature,isattractedintoacoilortothepolefaceofanelectromagnet.Thistypeofrelay-operatingelementmaybeappliedoneitheralternating-ordirect-currentcircuits.Theinduction-typerelaysaremagnetic-inductiontypeswhereintorqueisdevelopedinamovingrotorinthesamewaythatitisproducedinanelectricmotor.Theserelayscanonlybeusedonalternating-currentcircuits.Theplungerandhingedarmaturerelayshavenoinherenttimedelayandsoareusedinapplicationswhereinstantaneousoperationisrequired.Theairgaponthehingedarmaturetypechangesastherelayoperates,whichmeans

thattheforcerequiredtocloseitchangesand

theforcetoallowthearmaturetodropout（退出）againisreduced.

Forthisreason,itsmeasuringqualityisimpaired.Thesameistruefortheplungertypebuttoalesserdegree.Theinductiondisktypeisusedwhentimedelayinrelayoperationisrequired.Thetimedelayiscausedbytheadditionofthepermanentmagnet.Thediskrotates,causinganinductiondrag.Theinductioncuprotatingpartsareoflowinertiasothisrelayiscapableofhigh-speedoperation.Itisusedforfunctionsrequiringinstantaneousresponse.Elementsofthetypesdescribedaboveandotheringeniousoperatorsareincorporatedintothemanytypesofprotectiverelaysavailable.Allprotectiverelayshaveaseparatedevicenumberassignedtotheminthestandardadoptedforautomaticswitchgear

bytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).Themainpowertransformermustbeprotectedfrompossiblefaultsbecauselossofthispieceofequipment,throughdamagefromasustainedshortcircuit,wouldbeascripplingtothesystemcapabilityaslossofthegenerator.Transformersarestaticdevicesandhaveonlyalternating-currentwindingssotheprotectionproblemislessseriousthanforrotatingequipment.Therearetwoprinciplecausesforinsulationfailuresintransformers.Theyare(1)over-voltageresultingfromlightning,switchingsurges,etc.,and(2)repeatedoverheatingduetooverloadingorfailureofthecoolingsystem.Differentialrelayingisoftenusedtoprotectlargepowertransformers.Inthisparticularcase,theprimaryfeedertotheprimarywinding（一次繞組）

oftheunitstationservicetransformerisincludedinthezoneofprotection.Thecurrenttransformersareallconnectedinalooparrangementandnormalcurrentswillsimplycirculate.Afaultanywherewithinthezoneofprotectionwillcauseadifferencecurrenttoflow,energizingtherelay.Thelockoutrelaywillbewiredtooperatewhenenergizedbythedifferentialrelayandtoshutdownthesamecircuitelementsasthoseshutdownforthegenerator.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChineseorEnglish.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備rotatingequipment靜態(tài)設(shè)備staticdevice直流電流directcurrentcircuit交流電流alternatingcurrentcircuit瞬時(shí)動(dòng)作instantaneousoperation測(cè)量動(dòng)作measuringoperation電流信號(hào)currentsignal電壓信號(hào)voltagesignal感應(yīng)型繼電器induction-typerelay繼電保護(hù)器theprotectiverelay正常運(yùn)行normaloperation非正常運(yùn)行abnormaloperation鐵路系統(tǒng)arailwaysystem冷卻系統(tǒng)acoolingsystem常設(shè)委員會(huì)apermanentcommittee永久磁鐵apermanentmagnet北極星thepolestar極面thepoleface各種血型typesofvariousblood磁感應(yīng)型magnetic-inductiontypesII.Fillinthefollowingblankswiththewordsgiven.Thereareextraitems.1.Transmissionlinesareclassifiedintotwotypes:overheadlineandunderground_____.(cable)2.Naturalscienceincludesthebroadfieldsofastronomy,biology,earthscience,_____andphysics.(chemistry)3.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,man’sdemandforandconsumptionofenergyhas_____steadily.(increased)4.Toreducetheconsumptionofenergywemust_____thewastefulburningoffossilfuels.(prevent)5.Theradioactiveshouldbekeptsafeto_____thesurroundingareasfrombeingpollutedbyradiation.(protect)chemistrypreventcarrycustomerscableincreasedprotectpowerelectricityfeederrelyondropout6.Alaserbeamtravelingthroughanenclosedcubecan_____asmuchinformationas80millionTVchannels.(carry)7.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyisoneofthemainsourceswhichcanmeettheworld’senormousneedfor_____.(power)8.Thecompanyprovidesservicestooveramillion_____via750plusdistributionfeeder.(customers)9.Asubstationisanassemblageofequipmentforthepurposeofswitchingorchangingorregulatingthevoltageof_____.(electricity)10.Ifacomputerthinks,learnsandcreates,itwill_____aprogramthatendowsitwiththesecapacities.(relyon)chemistrypreventcarrycustomerscableincreasedprotectpowerelectricityfeederrelyondropoutIII.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.牛頓的運(yùn)動(dòng)定律適用于地球上的一切東西。

(applyto)Newton’sLawsofMotionapplytoallthingsontheearth.2.電磁波的傳播速度和光速相同。

(thesame…as)Electromagneticwavestravelatthesamespeedaslight.3.激光只有一種顏色，而不像太陽光那樣有多種顏色。(consistsof)Laserconsistsofonlyonecolor,andnotofmanycolorslikesunlight.4.目前運(yùn)行的最大發(fā)電機(jī)組容量為60萬千瓦。(incapacity)Atpresentthelargestoperatinggeneratingunitis600MWincapacity.5.前領(lǐng)導(dǎo)已派往一座新的熱電廠主持工作。(assignedto)Theformerleaderhasbeenassignedtoanewthermalpowerplantforwork.Skilloftranslation:從句的譯法從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句，而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子。在英語中，主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等）。

定語從句的譯法一、合譯法（…..的）合譯法一般適用于限定性定語從句和限定意義較強(qiáng)，且句子較短的非限定性定語從句。Acarwhichisinmotionhaskineticenergy.正在開動(dòng)的車子具有動(dòng)能。Hewroteabook,whichisabouteconomics.他寫了一本經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的書。

Thenegativesmokeparticlesarethenattractedtoinsidesurfaceofthesurroundingtubewhichispositive.帶負(fù)電的煙粒子被吸向帶正電的周圍管子的內(nèi)側(cè)面。二、分譯法分譯法一般適用于非限定性定語從句和某些句子較長的限定性定于從句。Inpowerstation,coaloroilisburnedandchangedintoelectricity,whichisthensentovertohomesandfactories.在發(fā)電站里，煤和油燃燒變成電，然后電沿導(dǎo)線輸送到用戶和工廠。Theprocessbywhichenergyischangedfromoneformintoanotheriscalledthetransformationofenergy.能量從一種形式變成另一種形式，這一過程稱為能量轉(zhuǎn)換。Thereare107knownelements,mostofwhicharemetals.已知元素有107種，其中大多數(shù)是金屬。三、譯成狀語從句Mancan’tliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairandwater.人不能在月球上生存，因?yàn)槟抢餂]有空氣和水。Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,can’tcarryoutcreativeworkandcompletelyreplacepeople.盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作，也不能代替人。Themanufactureofthisequipmentisaverycomplexone,whichtookusalotoftime.這種設(shè)備的制造很復(fù)雜，以致花了我們很多時(shí)間。四、特種定語從句的譯法特種定語從句主要指由which或as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which或as指代整個(gè)主句。由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句常譯成“這”，有時(shí)也可以譯成“從而”、“因而”。由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常譯成“這”、“如”、“像”等詞。Lighttravelsinstraightlines,whichexplainswhyshadowsareformedwhenitgoespastanobject.光以直線傳播，這說明光經(jīng)過物體時(shí)形成陰影的原因。Tofindthepressurewedividetheforcebytheareaonwhichitpresses,whichgivesustheforceperunitarea.要求壓強(qiáng)，則把力除以它所作用的面積，從而得出單位面積上的力。Metalshavemanygoodproperties,ashasbeenstatedbefore.金屬具有許多良好的性能，這在前面已經(jīng)講了。狀語從句的譯法將狀語從句譯成漢語時(shí)，應(yīng)按照漢語的語序習(xí)慣來譯。一、前置譯法Watercontractswhenitiscooled.水冷卻時(shí)要收縮。（時(shí)間狀語）Abodyaccelerateswhenitisfalling.物體下落時(shí)有加速度。（時(shí)間狀語）Whereverthereismatter,thereismotion.哪里有物質(zhì)，哪里就有運(yùn)動(dòng)。（地點(diǎn)狀語）Anobjectatrestwillnotmoveunlessaforceisexertedonit.如果不受外力的作用，靜止的物體就不會(huì)移動(dòng)。（條件狀語）Wemuststudyandworkhardsothatwecanspeedupthefourmodernizationsofourcountry.為了加快我國的四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，我們一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)和工作。（目的狀語）二、后置譯法Thesteelisheateduntilitbecomesred.將鋼加熱到發(fā)紅。（時(shí)間狀語）Mostpartsofthatmachinewillbemadeofplasticinsteadofmetalsothatitsweightmaybegreatlydecreased.那臺(tái)機(jī)器的大部分零件將不用金屬而用塑料制成，為的是大大減輕其重量。（目的狀語）Transistorsaresmallinsizeandlightinweight,sotheyfindwideapplication