新視野大學(xué)英語(第三版)讀寫教程Book4-Unit7-Section-B-A-worldwide-food-crisis課件

4Unit7EnergyandfoodcrisesFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSHEBEIUNIVERSITYSectionBAworldwidefoodcrisis?Lead-inInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsFulfillingyourtaskInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsFulfillingyourtaskLead-inLead-inTaskTaskWhatarethefactorsdoyouthinkthatcausefoodshortage?Lead-inTalkingaboutfoodshortage?Weatherdisastersuchasdrought,flood,globalwarming;?Productioncosts;?Thedevelopmentofbiomassenergy;?Highdemandofconsumers;?Peoplewastefoodesp.whentheytreatothers.Referenceanswers：

Lead-inReadingcomprehensionEnhancingyourskillsFulfillingyourtaskLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillTheskillofidentifyingtheauthor’spurposewaspreviouslydiscussedinB2U8.Asweknow,everyauthorwritesforapurpose.Therearethreecommonpurposesforwriting:Gettoknowdifferentpurposesofwriting.Step1InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillTaskIdentifyingtheauthor’spurposeToinform–toprovidethereaderwithinformationaboutatopic;Topersuade–toconvincethereadertobelieveacertainviewpointortotakeacertaincourseofaction;Toentertain–toamusethereaderinsomeway.1.InformativewritingDiscussingroupsandthinkofcluesorcharacteristicsofeachkindofpurpose.Step2Informativewritingfeaturesfactsandevidence,notopinionsorvaluejudgments.Itoftencontainsdates,statisticsorotherfigures,orquotesfromexpertsorwitnesses.Dependingonthesubject,thelanguagemayormaynotincludetechnicalterms.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskill2.PersuasivewritingPersuasivewritingfeaturesevidenceand/oremotionalappeals:?Opinionsandarguments

(basedonvarioustypesofevidencelikestories,examples,orstatistics);?Rhetoricalquestions(aquestionwithouttheexpectationofananswer);?Evaluatinglanguage(good/bad,right/wrong,horrifying/wonderful,etc.)andjudgmentallanguage(must,should,hadbetter,etc.);?Opposingviewsorcounter-arguments(roducedbywordslikehowever,but,unfortunately,etc.).InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskill3.EntertainingwritingTextswrittenmainlytoentertaincanbevaried.Theyoftenuseinformallanguage,simplesentencestructures,dialogues,orfigurativespeeches.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillReadTextBandanswerthefollowingquestions.Step3InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillWhatdoesthetitletellusaboutthecontentofthetext?Arethereanyrhetoricalquestionsinthetext?Whatarethey?Howwouldyoudescribethelanguageofthisarticle?Isitformal,informal,evaluating,judgmentaloremotional?Isthereanyquoteinthetext?Whereisittakenfrom?Whatisitspurpose?Arethereanycounter-argumentinthetext?Whatdoesthetitletellusaboutthecontentofthetext?

Thetitleisaquestion.Byusingaquestionasthetitle,theauthortriestoattractthereader’sattentionandgetthemtothink.Fromthetitle,wecanseethatthearticleisaboutthepossibilityofaworldwidefoodcrisis.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillReferenceanswers：

tobecontinued2.Arethereanyrhetoricalquestionsinthetext?Whatarethey?

Therearetworhetoricalquestionsinthetext:

?Istheirfeargrounded?(Para.2)

?Willcurrentpricesstayhighandvolatile?(Para.6)InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskilltobecontinued3.Howwouldyoudescribethelanguageofthisarticle?Isitformal,informal,evaluating,judgmentaloremotional?

Thelanguageofthetextcanbedescribedasformal,evaluating,andjudgmental,ascanbeshownbythetext’slongandcomplexsentencestructures,affirmativetoneofwriting,descriptiveadjectives,andjudgmentalwordslikeneed,must,etc.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskilltobecontinued4.Isthereanyquoteinthetext?Whereisittakenfrom?Whatisitspurpose?

Yes,thereisaquoteinParagraph8.ItistakenfromapamphletbyactivistPeterSinger:“…theproblemisn’tthatweareproducingtoolittlefood;ratherwe’renoteatingthefoodwegrow...Theproblemisthatwe–therelativelyaffluent–havecreatedasystemofpiracywhereweconsumefourorfivetimesasmuchfoodaswouldbepossibleifweweretoactuallyeatthecropswegrowdirectly.”Thequoteiscitedtoillustratethatlargequantitiesofpotentialfoodarenowusedforproducingbio-fuelsandlarge-scalemeatproduction.InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskilltobecontinued5.Arethereanycounter-argumentinthetext?

Yes.Therearetwocounter-arguments:1) Istheirfeargrounded?Consultancyfirmsmeasuringthestatusofcommoditieslikewheatdon’tthinkso.(Para.2)2) However,thisrosypictureprovidesonlytemporarysecurity.Thebiggerpicturedisclosesarealitynotsooptimistic.(Para.3)InspiringyourthoughtsReadingskillAccordingtotheanswerstoalltheabovequestions,wecanthusconcludethatTextBis

persuasive.ReadingskillReadingcomprehensionEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsReadthroughthetextandfilloutthetableingroupsoffour.MainIdeaFunctionPartI(Paras.1-3)Theauthorbelievesthereisfoodcrisis.Lead-inPartII(Paras.4-8)

PartIII(Paras.9-11)

PartIV(Para.12)

Thecausesoffoodcrisis.Thesolutionsoffoodcrisis.Summaryofthearticle.CauseSolutionConclusionReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsTaskUnderstandingthestructureofthetextStep1Whatfactorscontributetofoodcrisis?Decreaseoffoodsupply,worldpopulationgrowth,andproductionofbio-fuels.Step2ReadParas.1-3andanswerthefollowingquestion.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsWhyfoodisdifferentfromothertradecommodities?Foodisdifferentbecauseitcancausepeopletooverreactwhenthemarketisunstable.Whythegrowthofgrainyieldshasbeenslowinthelastdecadesaccordingtothetext?Ithasbeenslowbecauseglobalfundingforadvancesinagriculturaltechnologyhasbeeninsufficient.Step3ReadParas.4-7andanswerthefollowingquestions.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsWhatdoes“asystemofpiracy”(Para.8)refersindirectlyto?Itreferstoaseriesofimproperwaysrichpeopleconsumefood,suchashoardingfood.Whatcausesthehugegapbetweenpopulationgrowthandfooddemandincrease?Becauseofthegrowingneedforbasicfoods,theincreasingneedforbio-fuelsandthegradualchangeofpeople’sdiet.Step4ReadParas.8-11andanswerthefollowingquestions.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsWhatisthekeypointtomeetthetremendousneedforfoodinthefuture?Itiscrucialtobuildthefoodproductioncapacityofdevelopingcountries.Whatisthetoneoftheauthortowardthefoodpriceissue?Theauthorisquiteconcernedaboutfoodprice.Step5ReadPara.12andanswerthefollowingquestions.ReadingcomprehensionInspiringyourthoughtsTranslationskillFulfillingyourtaskLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsLanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningLanguagefocusturnouthoardwholesalevolatilepiracyaffluentinfrastructuresubsidyappropriationbestarvedofrunoutofspikeFindwordsandexpressionsfromthetexttotalkabouttheinfluenceoffoodcrisis.Step1EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagelearningTask1LearningnewwordsandexpressionsaboutfoodcrisisStep2Matchthewordswiththeirmeanings.spikediscloseintriguevolatilehoardrunoutof...leveloffuseallofsth.andnothaveanyleftlikelytochangesuddenlyandwithoutwarningstoprisingorfallingandbecomesteadyanysuddenincreasegivesecretinformationtopeoplemakesb.veryinterestedinknowingmoreaboutsth.,esp.sth.thatseemsmysteriousgetandkeepalargeamountofsth.becauseitmightbevaluableorusefullaterEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask2Detailedlearningofkeyvocabulary1.leveloff(Para.2)1.stoprisingorfallingandbecomesteady變得平穩(wěn)；保持穩(wěn)定Translation:這份報(bào)告說，肉價(jià)短期內(nèi)也許偏高，但幾周內(nèi)會穩(wěn)定到合理的價(jià)位水平。Thereportsays,forashortwhile,meatpricesmaybesomewhathigher,butwithinafewweekstheywilllevelofftoaveryreasonablelevel.1.leveloff(Para.2)2.stopgoingupordownandcontinueatthesameheight趨于平坦；作水平移動Translation:乘務(wù)員在等飛機(jī)進(jìn)入水平飛行，以便他們能夠提供飲料服務(wù)。Theflightattendantsarewaitingfortheplanetoleveloffsothattheycanservethedrinks.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)這些數(shù)據(jù)證明該國首都的兇殺案發(fā)率正趨于穩(wěn)定。

Thesefiguresshowthatmurdersinthenation’scapitalarebeginningtoleveloff.Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingthephraseleveloff.2)飛機(jī)在大約三萬英尺的高度水平飛行。Theaircraftleveledoffatabout30,000feet.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting2.disclose(Para.3)vt.giveinformationtopeople,rmationthatwassecret透露，泄露（尤指秘密）Translation:警方調(diào)查人員不能泄露目擊者的名字。Policeinvestigatorscannotdisclosethenamesofwitnesses.3.foretell

(Para.4)vt.saywhatwillhappeninthefuture;predict預(yù)言；預(yù)示Translation:他夸口說他能根據(jù)鳥的活動預(yù)測未來。Heboastedhecouldforetellthefuturebythemovementsofthebirds.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingforetellforesightforecastDistinguishthefollowingthreewordsandfillintheblanks.foretellvt.預(yù)言；預(yù)示foresightn.先見；遠(yuǎn)見；預(yù)見forecastv.預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)測EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)他們有投資新技術(shù)的先見之明。

Theyhadthe________toinvestinnewtechnology.2)他們還了解到，阿丘阿爾人的另一個(gè)主要看法就是，夢境有時(shí)候可以預(yù)示未來。

Another

of

the

Achuar’s

major

convictions,

they

learned,

isthat

dreams

cansometimes

_______

the

future.

3)天氣預(yù)報(bào)有的時(shí)候準(zhǔn)，有的時(shí)候不準(zhǔn)。

Sometimes

theweather________is

accurate,

sometimes

not.

foresightforetellforecastEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLrigue(Para.4)vt.makesb.veryinterestedinknowingmoreaboutsth,esp.sth.thatseemsmysterious激起…的興趣；引起…的好奇心Translation:這些關(guān)于宇宙起源的問題讓我好奇已經(jīng)有十幾年了。Thosequestionsabouttheoriginoftheuniversehaveintriguedmeformorethanadecade.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting5.hoard(Para.5)vt. getandkeepalargeamountofsth.becauseitmightbevaluableorusefullater貯藏；囤積Translation:由于經(jīng)濟(jì)前景不確定，他決定儲存金銀而不是現(xiàn)金。Duetouncertaineconomicprospects,hedecidedtohoardgoldandsilverinsteadofcash.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting6.excerpt(Para.8)n.[C]ashortpieceofwritingormusicthatistakenfromalongerpiece摘錄；節(jié)選Translation:我想讀一段《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》周一社論的摘錄。IwanttoreadanexcerptfromMonday’seditorialofTheNewYorkTimes.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.dodge(Para.9)vt.

avoiddoingsth.inacleverordishonestway（聰明或狡猾地）躲避，逃避Translation:許多政治家都學(xué)會了如何回避記者的刁鉆問題。Manypoliticianshavelearnedhowtododgetoughquestionsfromreporters.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.dodge(Para.9)v.

avoidsb.orsth.bymovingquickly,esp.sothatsth.doesnothityouorsb.doesnotseeyou閃開；躲開Translation:他及時(shí)移開頭，躲開了朝他飛來的一塊小石頭。Hemovedhisheadawayintimetododgeasmallstoneheadingforhim.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingdodgelodgewedgeDistinguishthethreewordswhichhavesimilarformsbutdifferentmeaningandfillintheblanks.dodge:

vt./vi.躲避；避開n.躲閃；托詞lodge:

n.旅館；門房；集會處；山林小屋vt.提出；寄存；借??；嵌入vi.寄宿；臨時(shí)住宿wedge:

vt.楔入；擠進(jìn)；楔住vi.楔入；擠進(jìn)n.楔子；楔形物；導(dǎo)致分裂的東西EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)有些人會直面問題，而有些人則會完全地閃避問題。

Some

will

tackle

questions

headon,whileotherswill______thementirely.2)這是一個(gè)關(guān)于她還是個(gè)年輕老師時(shí)所借住的那個(gè)農(nóng)家的故事。

Thisisastoryofthefarmingfamilyshe______withasayoungteacher.3)我關(guān)上小屋的門，然后用一根圓木將它抵牢。

Ishutthesheddoorand_______itwithalogofwood.

dodgelodgedwedgedEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1.Nocountry,forexample,wantstorunoutoffoodorwatchsky-highpricespushpeopleintopovertyandmalnourishment.(Para.5)bestarvedofsth.:bepreventedfromhavingenoughofwhatyouneed缺乏…Translation:比如，沒有哪個(gè)國家希望出現(xiàn)糧食短缺，眼睜睜看著糧價(jià)飛漲而使人們陷入貧窮和營養(yǎng)不良的困境。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask4Sentenceanalysiskeep/holdsth.atbay:preventsth.serious,dangerous,orunpleasantfromhappeningorfromcomingtooclose使（嚴(yán)重、危險(xiǎn)或令人不快的）某事物無法接近；防止某結(jié)果產(chǎn)生Translation:全球用于鄉(xiāng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)或農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)研究以保持糧食產(chǎn)量持續(xù)增長的資金非常少。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting2.Globalfundingforruralinfrastructureortechnologicalresearchtokeepyieldsgrowinghasbeenverysmall,wellbelowwhatisneededtokeepcrisesatbay.(Para.7)takeanoracletoforetell的意思是“不需要神諭預(yù)言”，也就是說這個(gè)道理不言自明，充分說明解決糧食危機(jī)迫在眉睫。這種說法生動鮮活，豐富了語言表達(dá)。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask5LanguageappreciationItdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetellthatthefighttofeedtheworldwillbeahugechallengefacingtheglobaleconomyoverthenext20years.(Para.4)LanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningLanguagefocusFulfillingyourtaskLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsTranslationskillEnhancingyourskills1. TheinternationalmeetingaboutfoodsupplyisscheduledforApril6th.2.Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange.3. Measureshavebeentakentopreventthe

epidemic

fromspreadingquickly.DiscussingroupsoffourandtranslatethefollowingsentencesintoproperChinese,payingattentiontothewordsinred.

Step1EnhancingyourskillsTranslationskillTask1Practicingthetranslationskill–passivevoice1. TheinternationalmeetingaboutfoodsupplyisscheduledforApril6th.

有關(guān)糧食供給的國際會議定于四月六日舉行。

2.Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange.這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能放出熱和光。3. Measureshavebeentakentopreventthe

greenhousegases

fromdiffusingquickly.

已經(jīng)采取了措施來防止溫室氣體擴(kuò)散。EnhancingyourskillsTranslationskillReferenceanswers：

ThetranslationofpassivevoiceinEnglish被動語態(tài)的翻譯（名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞）EnhancingyourskillsTranslationskill1)保留原文主語當(dāng)英語被動句中的主語為無生命的名詞，而且句中不出現(xiàn)由by引導(dǎo)的行為主體時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)往往將原句中的主語仍然譯成主語。

Windenergycanbeproducedeverywhereifther