英漢句式不同和相同之處屆高考英語一輪復習

ThesyntacticsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseYanchuanSeniorHighlecturer---LiuNi

目錄content010203SimilaritiesDifferencesSentences04Significance《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》中“句子”的定義是：“用詞和詞組構成的、能夠表達完整的意思的語言單位。每個句子都有一定的語調(diào)，表示陳述、疑問、祈使或感嘆的語氣。在連續(xù)說話時，句子和句子中間有一個較大的停頓。在書面上每個句子的末尾用句號、問號或嘆號。”

《牛津高階》給sentence下的定義是：asetofwordsexpressingastatement,aquestionoranorder,usuallycontainingasubjectandaverb.InwrittenEnglishsentencesbeginwithacapitalletterandendwithafullstop,aquestionmarkoranexclamationmark.Thedefinitionofsentence漢語的句子——

單句（一個句子）復句主謂句非主謂句sentencesinEnglishsimplesentencescompoundsentencesChineseEnglishsimilaritiesThesimilarities1.Don”ttreatmeasachild.2.Wegainedalotofsuccessinthe2010s.3.Putthatpicturebesideothersowecancomparethem.4.Youcanseegreenfieldsandhills.

你可以看到碧綠的原野(田野)和小山。5.Firstofall,besureyouhavethecorrectkindofpaper.第一，你一定要有那種合適的紙。ConclusionSubject,verbandobjectareplacedinordercorrespondingly.puncturation--fullmark,questionmarkandexclamationmarkGroup1Notawordwouldshesay.一句話她也不肯說。/她不肯說一句話。Thereenteredamiddle-agedman.進來一個中年男子。/一個中年男子進來了。Fromthedistancecameoccasionalshots.遠處偶爾傳來幾處槍響。/幾聲槍響從遠處傳來。Group2Notoncehashefailedtokeephiswords.他從沒失信過。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.

我們一直盼望的時刻終于來到了。Neverbeforehasourcompanybeenasunitedasitistoday.我們的公司從來沒像今天這樣團結。ThetypicalcharacteristicINVERSIONthedifferentaspects1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.2

Ihaveafriendwhohatesbankswithaspecialpassion.3.Hesatinfrontoftheyoungpeople,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.4.Sevenyears，myLord,havenowpassed,sinceIwaitedinyouroutwardrooms,orwasrepulsedfromyourdoor,duringwhichtimeIhavebeenpushingonmyworkthroughdifficulties,ofwhichitisuselesstocomplain,andhavebroughtit,atlast,tothevergeofpublication,withoutoneactofassistance,onewordofencour-agement,oronesmileoffavour.伯爵大人，當年我曾在您的外廳等候，也可以說是被您拒于門外，現(xiàn)在七年已經(jīng)過去。這期間，我含辛茹苦，拼命工作，對此，現(xiàn)在抱怨已毫無用處。最終，詞典即將出版，但它卻不曾得到過一次援助的行動、一句鼓勵的話語或一絲贊許的微笑。漢語——“竹式結構”，時間先后，并列關系，同向延伸。

英語——“樹式結構”主次主干主從關系，主要和次要關系。漢語中主謂句

Thedifferences1.我的英語有提高的空間。(×)MyEnglishstillhasroomtoimprove.(√)ThereisroomforimprovementinmyEnglish.2.我腦子里突然想到一個好主意。(×)

Mybrainsuddenly

thoughtagoodidea.(√)

Agoodideaflashedinto

/occurredto/struck

mymind.3.中國的私人小汽車越來越多。(×)InChinaprivatecarsbecomemoreandmore.(√）TherearemoreandmoreprivatecarsinChina.4.我心中最記掛的是年邁的雙親。(×)Mymindcaresmostmyoldparents.(√）Iammostworriedaboutmyagingparents.

(√)Inmymindwhatweightsmostismyagingparents.

5.電視一打開全是開會。(×)Assoonasthetelevisionisturnedonthereareallmeetings.(√）Everytimeweturnonthetelevision,weseeameetingbeingheld.

6.我花了一個多鐘頭才到機場。(×)|spentmorethananhourongettingtotheairport.(√)Ittookmemorethananhourtogettotheairport.

7.你的英語水平比我高。(×)YourEnglishlevelishigherthanI.(√）YouaremoreproficientinEnglishthanI.

8.看到這些照片讓我想起了我的童年。(×)Seeingthesephotographsmademerecallmyhappychildhood.(√)Thesephotographsremindedmeofmyhappychildhood.漢語中非主謂句Group1ThereisnosubjectinChinesesentences.itreferstoweatheroratmosphere.下毛毛雨啦。Itisdrizzling.刮大風下大雨呢。Itisblowingandraininghard.打了一夜的雷。Itthunderedallnight.今天又悶又熱。ItissohotandoppressivetodayGroup2Itreferstotimeanddistance.Itishalfpasttennow.

現(xiàn)在十點半。

Itisalreadyinlateautumn.已經(jīng)是晚秋時節(jié)。ItwillsoonbeNewYear.

快要到新年了。Itwilltaketwodaysandanighttogettothesmalltown到那個小鎮(zhèn)子坐火車要兩天一夜。Group3Theexistentialsentenceistoexplainsomethingthatexists,appearsorchanges.pattern---phrase(time/place)+v+n.大門兩邊各立著一只威嚴的獅子。Oneithersideofthegatestandsastonelioninitsmight.教室旁邊的操場上坐著一群孩子。Ontheplaygroundneartheclassroomsatagroupofchildren.遠處傳來哀傷的笛聲。Inthedistancesoundedamelancholyflute.Group4Therearesomeaphorisms,proverbsandphylosophywithsomeexperienceandtruth.沒有改革開放，就沒有今天的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。Withoutreformandopeningtotheworld,therewouldbenoeconomicprogressoftoday.要想說一口流利的英語，就要持之以恒地努力。IttakesconstantefforttobecomefluentinEnglish.求人不如求己。It'sbettertoseekhelpfromoneselfthanfromsomeoneelse.窮則獨善其身，達則兼善天下。Inpovertyascholarwouldcultivatehisownvirtue.lnprosperityhewouldbenefitallunderthesun.沒有矛盾，就沒有世界。Withoutcontradiction,therewouldexistnothing.Group5TherearesomeChinesesentensesexpressingreqirements,demands,bansandsoon.一定要保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。Thequalityoftheproductsmustbeguaranteed.一發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，必須立刻改正。Mistakesmustbecorrectedoncetheyarefoundedout.活在當今社會，必須把英語學好。Inthisdayandage,weshouldlearnEnglishwell.堅持法律面前人人平等。Wemustseetoitthatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.

采取各種措施，改善人民的工作條件，提高人民的生活水平。Differentkindsofmeasuresmustbeadoptedinordertoimprovepeople'sworkingconditionsandtoraisetheirlivingstandards.Studentsalwaysneglec